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Clinicopathological data for 72 NPC tissues and 20 non-cancerous NPE samples from patients with chronic nasopharyngeal inflammation using RT-PCR.

Figure S1_S9

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is an established cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and is involved in a variety of malignant phenotypes, including tumor immune escape. EBV can encode a variety of circular RNAs (circRNA), however, little is known regarding the biological functions of these circRNAs in NPC. In this study, EBV-encoded circBART2.2 was found to be highly expressed in NPC where it upregulated PD-L1 expression and inhibited T-cell function in vitro and in vivo. circBART2.2 promoted transcription of PD-L1 by binding the helicase domain of RIG-I and activating transcription factors IRF3 and NF-κB, resulting in tumor immune escape. These results elucidate the biological function of circBART2.2, explain a novel mechanism of immune escape caused by EBV infection, and provide a new immunotherapy target for treating NPC.Significance:This work demonstrates that circBART2.2 binding to RIG-I is essential for the regulation of PD-L1 and subsequent immune escape in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background Lack of clinically specific biomarkers has impeded the precise diagnosis of schizophrenia, meanwhile, limited comprehending of pathogenesis for schizophrenia has restricted the effective treatment. Method An integrated multi-omic approach, combining metabolomic platform (LC-MS and 1H-NMR) and transcriptomic platform, was established to differentiate healthy subjects from schizophrenia patients. Based on filtered metabolites and genes, characteristic spectrums were further built. Then, representative metabolites and genes were screened out through Boruta algorithm. Moreover, characteristic diagnostic formulas were established via LASSO regression analysis. Result As a result, 86 differential metabolites (in line with amino acid metabolism, etc.) and 189 differential expression genes (involving in amino acid metabolic process, etc.) were obtained as potential biomarkers for schizophrenia. The latent interaction between metabolites with genes, such as HMGCLL1 with energy metabolism, etc., was further studied through the analysis of pathway-based integration. Moreover, fine predictive ability was attributed to characteristic metabolomic/transcriptomic diagnostic spectrums/formulas. Conclusion The functional relationships of filtered metabolites and genes were studied, which could elaborate the pathological process of schizophrenia more systemically, supplying more precise information on mechanism description and diagnostic evidence of schizophrenia.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted great attention as the candidates for large-scale energy storage system, recently, because of their low cost, environment-friendly, high safety, and high theoretical energy densities. Among the numerous cathode materials, layered structure vanadium based polyanionic compounds, such as VOPO4, exhibit high specific capacity for Zn ion storage. However, the low Zn ion diffusion coefficient and limited interlayer spacing make the cathodes low reversible capacity and inferior cycling stability. Herein, K ions were pre-intercalated into the VOPO4 layers via ions exchange adopting VOPO4•2H2O as the precursor. When evaluated as the cathode for ZIBs, an excellent cycle stability of 400 cycles under a current density of 500 mA g−1 was achieved by the obtained KVOPO4 electrode, verifying the positive effect of intercalation engineering. Furtherly, a solid-solution reaction Zn ion storage mechanism was confirmed. This study provides a new insight to explore high performance cathode materials for ZIBs.

Bimetallic sulfides display good electroconductibility and more redox active sites for sodium ion storage, which are expected to realize fast charging/discharging of sodium ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) integration. Herein, Sb was introduced into SnS2 on graphene (ATS/GNS) to enhance the kinetics of Na+ storage. The introduction of Sb at Sn site in SnS2 leads to a residual delocalized s electron and forms a half-filled and delocalized intermediate band, which can effectively improve electroconductivity. ATS possesses a high adsorption energy (-3.13 eV) and low diffusion energy barrier (0.26 eV) of Na+ by density functional theory calculations. ATS/GNS with remarkable stability possesses a reversible capacity of 507 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 3000 cycles. The ATS/GNS//N, S doped porous carbon SIHC delivers high energy/power densities (115 Wh kg−1/351 W kg−1 and 41 Wh kg−1/18750 W kg−1), and an excellent capacity retention of 70% after 10000 cycles at 5 A g−1. This work may present a feasible approach to design high-rate and long-term stability of sodium-based devices.

Gossypol has been reported to exhibit antitumor effects against several human cancers. However, the anticancer effects of gossypol on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have not been investigated. Against this backdrop, the present study was designed to evaluate the anticancer effects of gossypol against NPC cells and to identify the signaling pathways involved through bioinformatic analysis. Gossypol-inhibited death of NPC cells is concentration-dependent. To explore the underlying mechanism for gossypol's antitumor effect, microarray of gossypol-treated and -untreated NPC cells was performed. A total of 836 differentially expressing genes (DEGs) were identified in gossypol-treated NPC cells, of which 461 genes were upregulated and 375 genes were downregulated. The cellular components, molecular functions, biological processes, and signal pathways, in which the DEGs were involved, were identified by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) predicted upstream transcription factors (TF) ETS2 and E2F1 that regulate DEGs. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify a class of modules and genes related to DNA repair and cell cycle. TNFRSF10B, a receptor for death in NPC cells, was knocked down. The results suggested that the ability of NPC cells to resist gossypol killing was enhanced. In addition, to further investigate the possible molecular mechanisms, we constructed a transcriptional regulatory network of TNFRSF10B containing 109 miRNAs and 47 TFs. Taken together, our results demonstrated that gossypol triggered antitumor effects against NPC cells, indicating its applicability for the management of NPC.

The overall performance of dual-ion batteries (DIBs) is strongly linked to anions storage properties of cathodes. Whereas high energy/power densities and stabilities for DIBs are limited by cathodes. To overcome these barriers, we have designed a novel fluoridized-polyaniline-H

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have become a hotspot in biomedical research. This interest reflects their extensive involvement in the regulation of the expression of other genes, and their influence on the occurrence and development of a variety of human diseases. Actin filament associated protein 1-Antisense RNA 1(AFAP1-AS1) is a recently discovered oncogenic lncRNA. It is highly expressed in a variety of solid tumors, and regulates the expression of downstream genes and signaling pathways through adsorption and competing microRNAs, or by the direct binding to other proteins. Ultimately, AFAP1-AS1 promotes proliferation, chemotherapy resistance, and resistance to apoptosis, maintains stemness, and enhances invasion and migration of tumor cells. This paper summarizes the research concerning AFAP1-AS1 in malignant tumors, including the clinical application prospects of AFAP1-AS1 as a potential molecular marker and therapeutic target of malignant tumors. We also discuss the limitations in the knowledge of AFAP1-AS1 and directions of further research. AFAP1-AS1 is expected to provide an example for studies of other lncRNA molecules.

The lower energy density and safety issues of liquid sodium-ion batteries have been unable to satisfy the ever-increasing demands for large-scale energy storage system. As a low-cost alternative, s...

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) act as regulators and play important roles in a variety of biological processes. These regulators constitute a huge information network among genes and participate in the pathophysiological process of human diseases. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that LncRNA, as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene, is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Linc00673 is a recently discovered LncRNA molecule that is dysregulated in several solid tumors. Moreover, its genetic polymorphism is believed to affect the susceptibility of a population to the corresponding cancer species. This article summarizes the role of Linc00673 in different human cancers and its molecular mechanisms with a focus on the characteristics of Linc00673 and the existing literature on it while highlighting the future research directions for Linc00673. Linc00673 has the potential to become a feasible clinical diagnostic and prognostic marker toward providing a new molecular therapeutic target for cancer patients.

Vanadium-based material is currently one of the most suitable materials for constructing aqueous ZIB. In this work, commercial V2O5 has also been used for comparing the battery’s performance with the V2O5-rGO (reduced graphene oxide) nanocomposite products. The commercial V2O5 showed poor cycle stability and low specific capacity (30 mA h g−1 specific capacity was observed after 200 cycles), while the V2O5 nanobelts/rGO composite showed good performance. After applying a current density of 0.1 A g−1, V2O5 nanobelts/rGO showed an outstanding cycle stability and high specific capacity of 135 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles. In the rate performance, when a current density of 1 A g−1 was applied, a high specific capacity of 113 mA h g−1 was obtained. Compared with the commercial V2O5, V2O5 nanobelts/rGO composite depicts superior performance as an electrode material for aqueous ZIB.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among older people in worldwide. miR-29c-3p was reported to play a role in AD development. However, the detail function of miR-29c-3p in AD remains unclear. The aim of this research is to analyze the functional mechanism of miR-29c-3p in AD. The RNA levels of miR-29c-3p and Tumor necrosis factor-α-inducible protein-1 (TNFAIP1) were detected by Quantitative real time polymerase chain (qRT-PCR) reaction. Western blot assay was carried out to examine the protein levels of TNFAIP1, Bax, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Cleaved caspase 3, and Nuclear factor-k-gene binding (NF-κB). The interaction between miR-29c-3p and TNFAIP1 was predicted by online tool TargrtScan and verified using the dual luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation RIP (RIP) assay. Besides, cell proliferation and apoptosis rate were determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Aβ treatment decreased miR-29c-3p expression and increased TNFAIP1 expression. Overexpression of miR-29c-3p mitigated the effects of Aβ on proliferation and apoptosis. Similarly, knockdown of TNFAIP1 also reversed the effects of Aβ on cell progression. Interestingly, miR-29c-3p suppressed the expression of TNFAIP1 via binding to 3'UTR of TNFAIP1 mRNA. As expected, overexpression of TNFAIP1 reversed the effects of miR-29c-3p on Aβ-mediated cell progression. Besides, we also confirmed that miR-29c-3p affected Aβ-mediated cell progression by regulating TNFAIP1/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings confirmed that miR-29c-3p attenuated Aβ-induced neurotoxicity through regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway by directly targeting TNFAIP1, providing the potential value for the treatment of AD patients.

P2-type layered oxides suffer from an ordered Na+ /vacancy arrangement and P2→O2/OP4 phase transitions, leading them to exhibit multiple voltage plateaus upon Na+ extraction/insertion. The deficient sodium in the P2-type cathode easily induces the bad structural stability at deep desodiation states and limited reversible capacity during Na+ de/insertion. These drawbacks cause poor rate capability and fast capacity decay in most P2-type layered oxides. To address these challenges, a novel high sodium content (0.85) and plateau-free P2-type cathode-Na0.85 Li0.12 Ni0.22 Mn0.66 O2 (P2-NLNMO) was developed. The complete solid-solution reaction over a wide voltage range ensures both fast Na+ mobility (10-11 to 10-10 cm2 s-1 ) and small volume variation (1.7 %). The high sodium content P2-NLNMO exhibits a higher reversible capacity of 123.4 mA h g-1 , superior rate capability of 79.3 mA h g-1 at 20 C, and 85.4 % capacity retention after 500 cycles at 5 C. The sufficient Na and complete solid-solution reaction are critical to realizing high-performance P2-type cathodes for sodium-ion batteries.

There is an urgent need for low-cost, high-energy-density, environmentally friendly energy storage devices to fulfill the rapidly increasing need for electrical energy storage. Multi-electron redox is considerably crucial for the development of high-energy-density cathodes. Here we present high-performance aqueous zinc–manganese batteries with reversible Mn2+/Mn4+ double redox. The active Mn4+ is generated in situ from the Mn2+-containing MnOx nanoparticles and electrolyte. Benefitting from the low crystallinity of the birnessite-type MnO2 as well as the electrolyte with Mn2+ additive, the MnOx cathode achieves an ultrahigh energy density with a peak of 845.1 Wh kg−1 and an ultralong lifespan of 1500 cycles. The combination of electrochemical measurements and material characterization reveals the reversible Mn2+/Mn4+ double redox (birnessite-type MnO2 ↔ monoclinic MnOOH and spinel ZnMn2O4 ↔ Mn2+ ions). The reversible Mn2+/Mn4+ double redox electrode reaction mechanism offers new opportunities for the design of low-cost, high-energy-density cathodes for advanced rechargeable aqueous batteries.

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is more aggressive than other head and neck tumors, and the prognosis for patients with advanced TSCC is poor. At present, comprehensive treatment based on surgery as the main method is not effective for patients with advanced TSCC. The application of PD-1/PD-L1 immunocheckpoint inhibitor alone in patients with TSCC has not been reported. To explore the role of PD-1/PD-L1, we investigated the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in TSCC and analyzed the relationship between the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 and the related clinicopathological parameters and survival prognosis. The expression of PD-1 was significantly associated with palindromia (p = .015) and maximum diameter (p = .043). The expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells was significantly associated with N stage (P = .024), chemotherapy (p = .032), and clinical stage (p = .019). The expression of PD-L1 in infiltrating lymphocytes was significantly associated with palindromia (p = .030). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses for prognoses of patients showed significant prognostic factors of overall survival and relapse-free survival. The high expression of PD-L1 on infiltrating lymphocytes for OS and RFS was an independent protective factor for patients with TSCC. The high expression of PD-1 on infiltrating lymphocytes and clinical stage for OS and RFS were independent risk factors for patients with TSCC. The data provide a reference for clinical treatment of TSCC with immunotherapy.

Aqueous alkali ion batteries attract increasing attention due to their merits of being safety, eco-friendly and low cost. Nevertheless, their development is hindered by the lack of suitable electrode materials with high capacity and cycling stability. As promising candidates, Prussian blue and its analogues (PBAs) are particularly attractive cathode materials in the energy storage field for their excellent electrochemical properties. Co-based PBAs (CoHCF) have relatively high discharge plateau, high theoretical capacity and good cycle performance. The potassium storage mechanism of CoHCF is still unclear and lacks study. Herein, a novel low-defect CoHCF was synthesized by a feasible coprecipitation method. When applied in aqueous potassium ion batteries (AKIBs), the two-electron-transfer process is observed clearly. The CoHCF electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 83.6 mA h g−1 at a current density of 20 mA g−1 after 200 cycles. In addition, excellent rate performance and long cycling stability at 600 mA g−1 were obtained. The structural evolution and reaction mechanism of CoHCF upon K+ extraction/insertion were visibly characterized by ex situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The results demonstrate a new strategy for the development of AKIB cathodes with excellent electrochemical performance.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) widely regulate gene expression and play important roles in the pathogenesis of human diseases, including malignant tumors. However, the functions of most lncRNAs remain to be elucidated. In order to study and screen novel lncRNAs with important functions in the carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we constructed a lncRNA expression profile of 10 NPC tissues and 6 controls through a gene microarray. We identified 1,276 lncRNAs, of which most are unknown, with different expression levels in the healthy and NPC tissues. In order to shed light on the functions of these unknown lncRNAs, we first constructed a co-expression network of lncRNAs and mRNAs using bioinformatics and systematic biological approach. Moreover, mRNAs were clustered and enriched by their biological functions, and those lncRNAs have similar expression trends with mRNAs were defined as functional molecules with potential biological significance. The module may help identify key lncRNAs in the carcinogenesis of NPC and provide clues for in-depth study of their functions and associated signaling pathways. We suggest the newly identified lncRNAs may have clinic value as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NPC diagnosis and treatment.

Oxidative stress-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss and apoptosis play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and as a vital antioxidant protein, thioredoxin (Trx) exerts neuroprotection against PD. In this study, we investigated the effect of Schisanhenol (Sal), an active component from a traditional Chinese herb Schisandra rubriflora (Franch.), on MPP+-induced apoptosis and its association with thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) in SH-SY5Y cells. The protein levels of Trx1 and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blot, the expression of Trx1 mRNA by real time qPCR, and apoptosis was detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Pretreatment with Sal (1 µM, 10 µM, and 50 µM) dose-dependently ameliorated MPP+-induced neuronal injury, confirmed by the improvement of the viability and morphological changes. Sal decreased the apoptosis rate of cells, suppressed the production of DNA ladder and sub-G1 peak, inhibited the Caspase-3 activity and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Sal enhanced the expression of Trx1 both in the protein and mRNA levels. However, the Trx1 inhibitor PX-12 suppressed the protective effects of Sal. In addition, Sal inhibited NF-κB translocation and activation. These results suggest that Sal has a protective effect against MPP+-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells via up-regulation of Trx1 expression and suppression of ASK1-P38-NF-κB pathway.

As one of the most promising cathode materials in sodium-ion batteries, manganese-based layered oxides have aroused wide attention due to their high specific capacity and plentiful reserves. However, they are plagued by poor air stability rooting in water/Na

Lack of clinically specific biomarkers has impeded the precise diagnosis of schizophrenia, meanwhile, limited comprehending of pathogenesis for schizophrenia has restricted the effective treatment.An integrated multi-omic approach, combining metabolomic platform (LC-MS andAs a result, 86 differential metabolites (in line with amino acid metabolism, etc.) and 189 differential expression genes (involving in amino acid metabolic process, etc.) were obtained as potential biomarkers for schizophrenia. The latent interaction between metabolites with genes, such as HMGCLL1 with energy metabolism, etc., was further studied through the analysis of pathway-based integration. Moreover, fine predictive ability was attributed to characteristic metabolomic/transcriptomic diagnostic spectrums/formulas.The functional relationships of filtered metabolites and genes were studied, which could elaborate the pathological process of schizophrenia more systemically, supplying more precise information on mechanism description and diagnostic evidence of schizophrenia.

Sn is considered as a promising anode for lithium-ion batteries due to its low cost and high theoretical capacity (992 mA h g −1 with Li4.4Sn). However, the volume expansion (∼300%) during lithiation/delithiation process can result in the continuous pulverization of active materials and exfoliation from current collector, deteriorating the capacity and cycling performance. Here Co/Co3SnC0.7 N-doped carbon nanofibers are successfully synthesized by a feasible electrospinning method. And the materials as the self-standing anode for lithium-ion batteries reveal a high-rate performance as delivering reversible capacities of 480 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and 290 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1. In addition, the specific capacity can still maintain 320 mA h g−1 at 500 mA g−1 even after 900 cycles, showing the outstanding cycling stability. The inactive metal Co and one-dimensional N-doped carbon nanofibers synergistically promote the electrochemical performance of the Sn-based anode by inhibiting the aggregation of the nanoparticles and buffering volume variation during lithiation/delithiation process.

Ultrafine SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) have been in situ grown on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by a facile method, which only involved a one-step molten salt method at 250 °C under atmosphere environment. The facile low-temperature molten salt method imparts SnO2 QDs with an average size of only 5.5 nm. The as-prepared mono-dispersed SnO2 QDs on rGO show enhanced electrochemical performances than those of bare SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Such novel method for in-situ growth of metal oxide QDs on rGO is easy to carry out and scale up, and it is much simpler to grow ultrafine metal oxide QDs than those of traditional methods, such as template methods or hydrothermal methods. The molten salt method may also be used to produce other metal oxide QDs on rGO as electrode materials for LIBs.

A unique hierarchical hollow-nanostructure consists of ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets and hollow MoO2 nanospheres has been designed as anode material for lithium batteries. And a simple process for producing ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets in-situ grown on hollow MoO2 nanospheres is reported. Such a hierarchical nanostructure has four advantages: Firstly, the high electric conductivity of the MoO2 core can effectively increase the performance of the composite. Secondly, the shell of MoS2 nanosheets with highly exposed active sites can improve the electrochemical reaction activity of this heterostructure. Thirdly, the reciprocal hybridization between the MoO2 core and MoS2 shell can availably prevent the aggregation of MoS2 nanosheets. Owing to the unique hierarchical MoO2@MoS2 hollow-nanostructure, it exhibits great electrochemical performance and can deliver reversible capacity as high as 820.7 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 after 100 cycles, while it is used as a new anode material for lithium-ion batteries.

The exploration of high-performance anode materials by designing different synthesis methods is crucial to the development of next generation lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Ultrafine Ni2P nanoparticles embedded in one-dimensional carbon skeleton derived from metal-organic frameworks template are obtained and used as LIBs anode electrode. The unique architecture of Ni2P@C electrode delivered a high capacity of 610.4 mA h g−1 at the current density of 100 mA g−1, excellent rate capability and superior cycling stability with no obvious capacity decay over 400 cycles at a high current of 500 mA g−1, indicating the promising potential for LIBs application. Significantly, this design method of nanoparticles embedded in carbon skeleton may become a novel strategy for synthesizing other metal phosphides used as next generation LIBs anode materials.

With the thickness less than 5 nm, super-thin LiV3O8 nanosheets have already been successfully synthesized by transformation from super-thin V2O5·xH2O nanosheets, moreover, super-thin LiV3O8 nanosheets@graphene (LVO/G) sandwich-like layer-by-layer nanostructures were successfully obtained via a facile self-assembly method and annealing treatment. Such interesting LVO/G nanostructures as cathodes for lithium ion batteries not only show high capacity up to 397.2 mA h g−1 and outstanding rate capabilities (171 mA h g−1 at 10 C, 112 mA h g−1 at 15 C), but also present super-long cycle performance (301.2 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 C). As far as we known, the LVO/G cathodes exhibit ultrahigh lithium storage performances even much higher than those of previously reported literatures of LiV3O8, which demonstrates that such sandwich-like layer-by-layer LVO/G nanostructures is a potential candidate cathode material for the next generation of batteries.

Herein, the preparation of CoSb nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanofibers with a raised surface (N-doped CoSb@C nanofibers) via the electrospinning method is reported for the first time. The distinct structure facilitates the pseudocapacitive behaviors, which is the key to obtain fast kinetics and long cyclability. N and Co elements can not only optimize the electronic configuration but also buffer the volume changes of the material during cycling. For potassium-ion batteries, the capacity maintains 250 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1, and for sodium-ion batteries, the capacity keeps 413 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1. Thus, this work makes a great contribution towards exploring high-capacity anodes for practical potassium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries.

NiCo2O4 nano-layer covered on surface of carbon cloth for high-performance supercapacitors is successfully fabricated by a one-step route which only involved a modified sol–gel method. The binder-free electrode only with simple layer covering on carbon cloth displays outstanding pseudocapacitive behaviors in 2 M KOH, which exhibits high specific capacitances of 944.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 702.4 F g−1 at 20 A g−1after activation, as well as excellent cycling stability. The specific capacitance can still retain 859.5 F g−1 (91% retention) at a current density of 1 A g−1 after 3500 cycles.

Water-in-salt electrolytes (WISE) have largely widened the electrochemical stability window (ESW) of aqueous electrolytes by formation of passivating solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on anode and also absorption of the hydrophobic anion-rich double layer on cathode. However, the cathodic limiting potential of WISE is still too high for most high-capacity anodes in aqueous sodium-ion batteries (ASIBs), and the cost of WISE is also too high for practical application. Herein, a low-cost 19 m (m: mol kg-1 ) bi-salts WISE with a wide ESW of 2.8 V was designed, where the low-cost 17 m NaClO4 extends the anodic limiting potential to 4.4 V, while the fluorine-containing salt (2 m NaOTF) extends the cathodic limiting potential to 1.6 V by forming the NaF-Na2 O-NaOH SEI on anode. The 19 m NaClO4 -NaOTF-H2 O electrolyte enables a 1.75 V Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 ∥Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 full cell to deliver an appreciable energy density of 70 Wh kg-1 at 1 C with a capacity retention of 87.5 % after 100 cycles.

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is an established cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and is involved in a variety of malignant phenotypes, including tumor immune escape. EBV can encode a variety of circular RNAs (circRNA), however, little is known regarding the biological functions of these circRNAs in NPC. In this study, EBV-encoded circBART2.2 was found to be highly expressed in NPC where it upregulated PD-L1 expression and inhibited T-cell function in vitro and in vivo. circBART2.2 promoted transcription of PD-L1 by binding the helicase domain of RIG-I and activating transcription factors IRF3 and NF-κB, resulting in tumor immune escape. These results elucidate the biological function of circBART2.2, explain a novel mechanism of immune escape caused by EBV infection, and provide a new immunotherapy target for treating NPC. Significance: This work demonstrates that circBART2.2 binding to RIG-I is essential for the regulation of PD-L1 and subsequent immune escape in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.