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3. HIV-associated lung disease.

Author

Konstantinidis, Ioannis, Crothers, Kristina, Kunisaki, Ken, Drummond, M, Benfield, Thomas, Zar, Heather, Morris, Alison, and Huang, Laurence

Subjects
Humans, HIV Infections, Lung Diseases, Lung, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Risk Factors
Abstract

Lung disease encompasses acute, infectious processes and chronic, non-infectious processes such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and lung cancer. People living with HIV are at increased risk of both acute and chronic lung diseases. Although the use of effective antiretroviral therapy has diminished the burden of infectious lung disease, people living with HIV experience growing morbidity and mortality from chronic lung diseases. A key risk factor for HIV-associated lung disease is cigarette smoking, which is more prevalent in people living with HIV than in uninfected people. Other risk factors include older age, history of bacterial pneumonia, Pneumocystis pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis and immunosuppression. Mechanistic investigations support roles for aberrant innate and adaptive immunity, local and systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, altered lung and gut microbiota, and environmental exposures such as biomass fuel burning in the development of HIV-associated lung disease. Assessment, prevention and treatment strategies are largely extrapolated from data from HIV-uninfected people. Smoking cessation is essential. Data on the long-term consequences of HIV-associated lung disease are limited. Efforts to continue quantifying the effects of HIV infection on the lung, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, are essential to advance our knowledge and optimize respiratory care in people living with HIV.

Published
2023

4. Lung Function in Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Author

Wang, Richard J, Nouraie, Mehdi, Kunisaki, Ken M, Huang, Laurence, Tien, Phyllis C, Anastos, Kathryn, Bhandari, Neha, Bhatt, Surya P, Bolivar, Hector, Cribbs, Sushma K, Foronjy, Robert, Gange, Stephen J, Lazarous, Deepa, Morris, Alison, and Drummond, M Bradley

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, HIV/AIDS, Lung, Clinical Research, Respiratory, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Female, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, HIV Infections, HIV, Cross-Sectional Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity, hepatitis C, pulmonary function testing, lung disease, comorbidity, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundPrior studies have found that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with impaired lung function and increased risk of chronic lung disease, but few have included large numbers of women. In this study, we investigate whether HIV infection is associated with differences in lung function in women.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional analysis of participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a racially and ethnically diverse multicenter cohort of women with and without HIV. In 2018-2019, participants at 9 clinical sites were invited to perform spirometry. Single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was also measured at selected sites. The primary outcomes were the post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and DLCO. Multivariable regression modeling was used to analyze the association of HIV infection and lung function outcomes after adjustment for confounding exposures.ResultsFEV1 measurements from 1489 women (1062 with HIV, 427 without HIV) and DLCO measurements from 671 women (463 with HIV, 208 without HIV) met standards for quality and reproducibility. There was no significant difference in FEV1 between women with and without HIV. Women with HIV had lower DLCO measurements (adjusted difference, -0.73 mL/min/mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, -1.33 to -.14). Among women with HIV, lower nadir CD4 + cell counts and hepatitis C virus infection were associated with lower DLCO measurements.ConclusionsHIV was associated with impaired respiratory gas exchange in women. Among women with HIV, lower nadir CD4 + cell counts and hepatitis C infection were associated with decreased respiratory gas exchange.

Published
2023

6. Current Challenges and Solutions for Clinical Management and Care of People with HIV: Findings from the 12th Annual International HIV and Aging Workshop

Author

Yu, Xiaoying, Lobo, Judith D, Sundermann, Erin, Baker, Darren J, Tracy, Russell P, Kuchel, George A, Stephenson, Kathryn E, Letendre, Scott L, Brew, Bruce, Cysique, Lucette A, Dale, Sannisha K, Wallen, Chelsie, Kunisaki, Ken M, Guaraldi, Giovanni, Milic, Jovana, Winston, Alan, Moore, David J, Margolick, Joseph B, and Erlandson, Kristine M

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Coronaviruses, Aging, HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Behavioral and Social Science, Coronaviruses Disparities and At-Risk Populations, 8.1 Organisation and delivery of services, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Aged, HIV Infections, Pandemics, Quality of Life, COVID-19, HIV, aging, biological mechanism, quality of life, delivery of care, Virology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

People with HIV on combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) have longer life expectancy and are increasingly experiencing age-related comorbidities. Thus, aging with HIV has become a central issue in clinical care and research, which has been particularly challenging with the intersection of the ongoing coronavirus (COVID)-19 pandemic. Since 2009, the International Workshop on HIV and Aging has served as a multidisciplinary platform to share research findings from cross-disciplinary fields along with community advocates to address critical issues in HIV and aging. In this article, we summarize the key oral presentations from the 12th Annual International Workshop on HIV and Aging, held virtually on September 23rd and 24th, 2021. The topics ranged from basic science research on biological mechanisms of aging to quality of life and delivery of care under the COVID-19 pandemic. This workshop enriched our understanding of HIV and aging under the COVID-19 pandemic, identified challenges and opportunities to combat the impact of COVID-19 on HIV communities, and also provided updated research and future directions of the field to move HIV and aging research forward, with the ultimate goal of successful aging for older people with HIV.

Published
2023

7. Pulmonary Function in Midlife as a Predictor of Later-Life Cognition: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Adults (CARDIA) Study.

Author

Joyce, Brian T, Chen, Xuefen, Yaffe, Kristine, Henkle, Benjamin E, Gao, Tao, Zheng, Yinan, Kalhan, Ravi, Washko, George, Kunisaki, Ken M, Thyagarajan, Bharat, Gross, Myron, Jacobs, David R, Lloyd-Jones, Donald, Liu, Kiang, Sidney, Stephen, and Hou, Lifang

Subjects
Health Sciences, Aging, Cardiovascular, Mental Health, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Humans, Coronary Vessels, Longitudinal Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cognition, Executive Function, Pulmonary function, Clinical Sciences, Gerontology, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BackgroundStudies found associations between pulmonary function (PF) and cognition, but these are limited by mostly cross-sectional design and a single measure of PF (typically forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]). Our objective was to prospectively analyze the association of repeatedly measured PF with cognition.MethodsWe studied 3 499 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults cohort with cognition measured at year 25 (Y25) and Y30, and PF (FEV1 and forced vital capacity [FVC], reflecting better PF) measured up to 6 times from Y0 to Y20. Cognition was measured via Stroop test, Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT], and digit symbol substitution test [DSST], which capture executive function, verbal learning and memory, and attention and psychomotor speed, respectively; lower Stroop, and higher RAVLT and DSST scores indicate better cognition. We modeled linear, cross-sectional associations between cognition and PF at Y30 (mean age 55), and mixed models to examine associations between cognition at Y25-Y30 and longitudinal PF (both annual rate of change, and cumulative PF from Y0 to Y20).ResultsAt Y30, FEV1 and FVC were cross-sectionally associated with all 3 measures of cognition (β = 0.08-0.12, p < .01-.02). Annual change from peak FEV1/FVC ratio was associated with Stroop and DSST (β = 18.06, 95% CI = 7.71-28.40; β = 10.30, 95% CI = 0.26-20.34, respectively), but not RAVLT. Cumulative FEV1 and FVC were associated with Stroop and DSST (β = 0.07-0.12, p < .01-.02), but only cumulative FEV1 was associated with RAVLT (β = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.00-0.14).ConclusionsWe identified prospective associations between measures of PF and cognition even at middle ages, adding evidence of a prospective association between reduced PF and cognitive decline.

Published
2022

8. Association Between HIV and Prevalence and Manifestations of Asthma: Analysis of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women's Interagency HIV Study

Author

Drummond, M Bradley, Edmonds, Andrew, Ramirez, Catalina, Stosor, Valentina, Barjaktarevic, Igor Z, Morris, Alison, McCormack, Meredith C, Bhatt, Surya P, Alcaide, Maria L, Cribbs, Sushma K, D'Souza, Gypsyamber, Bhandari, Neha, Kunisaki, Ken M, Huang, Laurence, Kassaye, Seble G, Foronjy, Robert, Sharma, Anjali, Westreich, Daniel J, and Adimora, Adaora A

Subjects
Public Health, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Lung, HIV/AIDS, Asthma, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, 7.1 Individual care needs, Management of diseases and conditions, Respiratory, Infection, Female, Humans, Cohort Studies, Prevalence, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Retrospective Studies, HIV Infections, asthma, HIV, lung diseases, Public Health and Health Services, Virology, Clinical sciences, Epidemiology, Public health
Abstract

BackgroundThe association between HIV and asthma prevalence and manifestations remains unclear, with few studies including women.SettingA retrospective observational cohort study from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women's Interagency HIV Study.MethodsAsthma was defined in 2 ways: (1) self-report and (2) robust criteria requiring all the following: lack of fixed airflow obstruction, presence of wheeze on the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and report of asthma therapies. Estimates of asthma prevalence and asthma-related manifestations were compared by HIV serostatus.ResultsA total of 1815 men and 2122 women were included. Asthma prevalence did not differ between people with HIV (PWH) and people without HIV regardless of definition: self-report (men, 12.0% vs. 11.2%; women, 24.3% vs. 27.5%) and robust criteria (men, 5.0% vs. 3.4%; women, 12.8% vs. 13.2%). Among men with asthma, worse respiratory symptom burden was reported among those with HIV, regardless of asthma definition. Among women with self-reported asthma, those with HIV had less respiratory symptom burden. Regardless of serostatus, women with robust-defined asthma had similar respiratory symptoms across SGRQ domains and similar frequencies of phlegm, shortness of breath, and wheezing.ConclusionsAmong PWH and people without HIV, asthma prevalence was 2-fold to 3-fold higher using self-reported definition rather than robust definition. In men and women, HIV was not associated with increased asthma prevalence. In men, HIV was associated with more respiratory symptoms when asthma was self-reported; the relationship was attenuated with the robust criteria. Further studies are needed to explore asthma phenotypes among PWH.

Published
2022

9. Pulmonary Function Trajectories in People with HIV: Analysis of the Pittsburgh HIV Lung Cohort.

Author

Konstantinidis, Ioannis, Qin, Shulin, Fitzpatrick, Meghan, Kessinger, Cathy, Gentry, Heather, McMahon, Deborah, Weinman, R Dawn, Tien, Phyllis, Huang, Laurence, McCormack, Meredith, Barjaktarevic, Igor, Reddy, Divya, Foronjy, Robert, Lazarous, Deepa, Cohen, Mardge H, McKay, Heather, Adimora, Adaora A, Moran, Caitlin, Fischl, Margaret A, Dionne-Odom, Jodie, Stosor, Valentina, Drummond, M Bradley, Cribbs, Sushma K, Kunisaki, Ken, Rinaldo, Charles, Morris, Alison, and Nouraie, S Mehdi

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Infectious Diseases, Lung, HIV/AIDS, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Aetiology, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Endothelin-1, Forced Expiratory Volume, Vital Capacity, Lung Diseases, HIV Infections, Dyspnea, Cytokines, human immunodeficiency virus, pulmonary function, group-based trajectory modeling, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Rationale: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with chronic lung disease and impaired pulmonary function; however, longitudinal pulmonary function phenotypes in HIV are undefined. Objectives: To identify pulmonary function trajectories, their determinants, and outcomes. Methods: We used data from participants with HIV in the Pittsburgh HIV Lung Cohort with three or more pulmonary function tests between 2007 and 2020. We analyzed post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC, and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DlCO) using group-based trajectory modeling to identify subgroups of individuals whose measurements followed a similar pattern over time. We examined the association between participant characteristics and trajectories using multivariable logistic regression. In exploratory adjusted analyses restricted to individuals with available plasma cytokine data, we investigated the association between 18 individual standardized cytokine concentrations and trajectories. We compared mortality, dyspnea prevalence, respiratory health status, and 6-minute-walk distance between phenotypes. Results: A total of 265 participants contributed 1,606 pulmonary function measurements over a median follow-up of 8.1 years. We identified two trajectories each for FEV1 and FVC: "low baseline, slow decline" and "high baseline, rapid decline." There were three trajectory groups for FEV1/FVC: "rapid decline," "moderate decline," and "slow decline." Finally, we identified two trajectories for DlCO: "baseline low" and "baseline high." The low baseline, slow decline FEV1 and FVC, rapid decline, and moderate decline FEV1/FVC, and baseline low DlCO phenotypes were associated with increased dyspnea prevalence, worse respiratory health status, and decreased 6-minute-walk distance. The baseline low DlCO phenotype was also associated with worse mortality. Current smoking and pack-years of smoking were associated with the adverse FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and DlCO phenotypes. Detectable viremia was the only HIV marker associated with the adverse DlCO phenotype. C-reactive protein and endothelin-1 were associated with the adverse FEV1 and FVC phenotypes, and endothelin-1 trended toward an association with the adverse DlCO phenotype. Conclusions: We identified novel, distinct longitudinal pulmonary function phenotypes with significant differences in characteristics and outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of lung dysfunction over time in people with HIV and should be validated in additional cohorts.

Published
2022

10. Optimal Lung Cancer Screening Criteria Among Persons Living With HIV

Author

Sellers, Subhashini A, Edmonds, Andrew, Ramirez, Catalina, Cribbs, Sushma K, Ofotokun, Igho, Huang, Laurence, Morris, Alison, Mccormack, Meredith C, Kunisaki, Ken M, D'souza, Gypsyamber, Rivera, M Patricia, Drummond, M Bradley, and Adimora, Adaora A

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Lung Cancer, Lung, Prevention, Cancer, Clinical Research, Health Services, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Early Detection of Cancer, Female, HIV Infections, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, lung cancer, HIV, AIDS, lung cancer screening, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Virology
Abstract

BackgroundThe US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2021 updated recommendations on lung cancer screening with chest computed tomography to apply to individuals 50-80 years of age (previously 55-80 years), with a ≥20 pack-year history (previously ≥30), whether currently smoking or quit ≤15 years ago. Despite being at higher risk for lung cancer, persons with HIV (PWH) were not well-represented in the National Lung Screening Trial, which informed the USPSTF 2013 recommendations. It is unknown or unclear how PWH are affected by the 2021 recommendations.SettingThis study was a retrospective analysis of PWH with and without lung cancer in the Women's Interagency HIV Study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.MethodsWe identified PWH, ages 40-80 years, who currently or previously smoked, with (cases) and without lung cancer (noncases). The sensitivity and specificity of the old, new, and alternative screening criteria were evaluated in each cohort.ResultsWe identified 52 women and 19 men with lung cancer and 1950 women and 1599 men without lung cancer. Only 11 women (22%) and 6 men (32%) with lung cancer met 2013 screening criteria; however, more women (22; 44%) and men (12; 63%) met 2021 criteria. Decreased age and tobacco exposure thresholds in women further increased sensitivity of the 2021 criteria.ConclusionsThe 2021 USPSTF lung cancer screening recommendations would have resulted in more PWH with lung cancer being eligible for screening at the time of their diagnosis. Further investigation is needed to determine optimal screening criteria for PWH, particularly in women.

Published
2022

11. Early trajectories of virological and immunological biomarkers and clinical outcomes in patients admitted to hospital for COVID-19: an international, prospective cohort study

Author

Sahner, David, Tierney, John, Vogel, Susan E., Herpin, Betsey R., Smolskis, Mary C., McKay, Laura A., Cahill, Kelly, Crew, Page, Sardana, Ratna, Raim, Sharon Segal, Hensely, Lisa, Lorenzo, Johsua, Mock, Rebecca, Zuckerman, Judith, Atri, Negin, Miller, Mark, Vallee, David, Chung, Lucy, Kang, Nayon, Barrett, Kevin, Adam, Stacey J., Read, Sarah, Draghia-Akli, Ruxandra, Currier, Judy, Hughes, Eric, Harrigan, Rachel H., Amos, Laura, Carlsen, Amy, Carter, Anita, Collins, Gary, Davis, Bionca, Denning, Eileen, DuChene, Alain, Eckroth, Kate, Engen, Nicole, Frase, Alex, Gandits, Greg, Grund, Birgit, Harrison, Merrie, Hurlbut, Nancy, Kaiser, Payton, Koopmeiners, Joseph, Larson, Gregg, Meger, Sue, Mistry, Shweta Sharma, Murray, Thomas, Nelson, Ray, Quan, Kien, Quan, Siu Fun, Reilly, Cavan, Siegel, Lianne, Thompson, Greg, Vock, David, Walski, Jamie, Gelijns, Annetine C., Moskowitz, Alan J., Bagiella, Emilia, Moquete, Ellen, O'Sullivan, Karen, Marks, Mary E., Accardi, Evan, Kinzel, Emily, Burris, Sarah, Bedoya, Gabriela, Gupta, Lola, Overbey, Jessica R., Santos, Milerva, Gillinov, Marc A., Miller, Marissa A., Taddei-Peters, Wendy C., Fenton, Kathleen, Sandkovsky, Uriel, Gottlieb, Robert L., Mack, Michael, Berhe, Mezgebe, Haley, Clinton, Dishner, Emma, Bettacchi, Christopher, Golden, Kevin, Duhaime, Erin, Ryan, Madison, Tallmadge, Catherine, Estrada, Lorie, Jones, Felecia, Villa, Samatha, Wang, Samatha, Robert, Raven, Coleman, Tanquinisha, Clariday, Laura, Baker, Rebecca, Hurutado-Rodriguez, Mariana, Iram, Nazia, Fresnedo, Michelle, Davis, Allyson, Leonard, Kiara, Ramierez, Noelia, Thammavong, Jon, Duque, Krizia, Turner, Emma, Fisher, Tammy, Robinson, Dianna, Ransom, Desirae, Maldonado, Nicholas, Lusk, Erica, Killian, Aaron, Palacious, Adriana, Solis, Edilia, Jerrow, Janet, Watts, Matthew, Whitacre, Heather, Cothran, Elizabeth, Smith, Peter K., Barkauskas, Christina E., Vekstein, Andrew M., Ko, Emily R., Dreyer, Grace R., Stafford, Neil, Brooks, Megan, Der, Tatyana, Witte, Marie, Gamarallage, Ruwan, Franzone, John, Ivey, Noel, Lumsden, Rebecca H., Mosaly, Nilima, Mourad, Ahmaad, Holland, Thomas L., Motta, Mary, Lane, Kathleen, McGowan, Lauren M., Stout, Jennifer, Aloor, Heather, Bragg, Kennesha M., Toledo, Barvina, McLendon-Arvik, Beth, Bussadori, Barbara, Hollister, Beth A., Griffin, Michelle, Giangiacomo, Dana M., Rodriguez, Vicente, Bokhart, Gordon, Eichman, Sharon M., Parrino, Patrick E., Spindel, Stephen, Bansal, Aditya, Baumgarten, Katherine, Hand, Johnathan, Vonderhaar, Derek, Nossaman, Bobby, Sylvia Laudun, Ames, DeAnna, Broussard, Shane, Hernandez, Nilmo, Isaac, Geralyn, Dinh, Huan, Zheng, Yiling, Tran, Sonny, McDaniel, Hunter, Crovetto, Nicolle, Perin, Emerson, Costello, Briana, Manian, Prasad, Sohail, M. Rizwan, Postalian, Alexander, Hinsu, Punit, Watson, Carolyn, Chen, James, Fink, Melyssa, Sturgis, Lydia, Walker, Kim, Mahon, Kim, Parenti, Jennifer, Kappenman, Casey, Knight, Aryn, Sturek, Jeffrey M., Barros, Andrew, Enfield, Kyle B., Kadl, Alexandra, Green, China J., Simon, Rachel M., Fox, Ashley, Thornton, Kara, Adams, Amy, Badhwar, Vinay, Sharma, Sunil, Peppers, Briana, McCarthy, Paul, Krupica, Troy, Sarwari, Arif, Reece, Rebecca, Fornaresico, Lisa, Glaze, Chad, Evans, Raquel, Di, Fang, Carlson, Shawn, Aucremanne, Tanja, Tennant, Connie, Sutton, Lisa Giblin, Buterbaugh, Sabrina, Williams, Roger, Bunner, Robin, Traverse, Jay H., Rhame, Frank, Huelster, Joshua, Kethireddy, Rajesh, Davies, Irena, Salamanca, Julianne, Majeski, Christine, Skelton, Paige, Zarambo, Maria, Sarafolean, Andrea, Bowdish, Michael E., Borok, Zea, Wald-Dickler, Noah, Hutcheon, Douglass, Towfighi, Amytis, Lee, Mary, Lewis, Meghan R., Spellberg, Brad, Sher, Linda, Sharma, Aniket, Olds, Anna P., Justino, Chris, Loxano, Edward, Romero, Chris, Leong, Janet, Rodina, Valentina, Quesada, Christine, Hamilton, Luke, Escobar, Jose, Leshnower, Brad, Bender, William, Sharifpour, Milad, Miller, Jeffrey, Farrington, Woodrow, Baio, Kim T., McBride, Mary, Fielding, Michele, Mathewson, Sonya, Porte, Kristina, Maton, Missy, Ponder, Chari, Haley, Elisabeth, Spainhour, Christine, Rogers, Susan, Tyler, Derrick, Madathil, Ronson J., Rabin, Joseph, Levine, Andrea, Saharia, Kapil, Tabatabai, Ali, Lau, Christine, Gammie, James S., Peguero, Maya-Loren, McKernan, Kimberly, Audette, Mathew, Fleischmann, Emily, Akbari, Kreshta, Lee, Myounghee, Chi, Andrew, Salehi, Hanna, Pariser, Alan, Nyguyen, Phuong Tran, Moore, Jessica, Gee, Adrienne, Vincent, Shelika, Zuckerman, Richard A., Iribarne, Alexander, Metzler, Sara, Shipman, Samantha, Johnson, Haley, Newton, Crystallee, Parr, Doug, Miller, Leslie, Schelle, Beth, McLean, Sherry, Rothbaum, Howard R., Alvarez, Michael S., Kalan, Shivam P., Germann, Heather H., Hendershot, Jennifer, Moroney, Karen, Herring, Karen, Cook, Sharri, Paul, Pam, Walker-Ignasiak, Rebecca, North, Crystal, Oldmixon, Cathryn, Ringwood, Nancy, Muzikansky, Ariela, Morse, Richard, Fitzgerald, Laura, Morin, Haley D., Brower, Roy G., Reineck, Lora A., Bienstock, Karen, Steingrub, Jay H., Hou, Peter K., Steingrub, Jay S., Tidswell, Mark A., Kozikowski, Lori-Ann, Kardos, Cynthia, DeSouza, Leslie, Romain, Sarah, Thornton-Thompson, Sherell, Talmor, Daniel, Shapiro, Nathan, Andromidas, Konstantinos, Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie, Bolstad, Michael, Boyle, Katherine L., Cabrera, Payton, deVilla, Arnaldo, Ellis, Joshua C., Grafals, Ana, Hayes, Sharon, Higgins, Conor, Kurt, Lisa, Kurtzman, Nicholas, Redman, Kimberly, Rosseto, Elinita, Scaffidi, Douglas, Filbin, Michael R., Hibbert, Kathryn A., Parry, Blair, Margolin, Justin, Hillis, Brooklynn, Hamer, Rhonda, Brait, Kelsey, Beakes, Caroline, McKaig, Brenna, Kugener, Eleonore, Jones, Alan E., Galbraith, James, Nandi, Utsav, Peacock, Rebekah, Hendey, Gregory, Kangelaris, Kirsten, Ashktorab, Kimia, Gropper, Rachel, Agrawal, Anika, Yee, Kimberley J., Jauregui, Alejandra E., Zhuo, Hanjing, Almasri, Eyad, Fayed, Mohamed, Hubel, Kinsley A., Hughes, Alyssa R., Garcia, Rebekah L., Lim, George W., Chang, Steven Y., Lin, Michael Y., Vargas, Julia, Sihota, Hena, Beutler, Rebecca, Agarwal, Trisha, Wilson, Jennifer G., Vojnik, Rosemary, Perez, Cynthia, McDowell, Jordan H., Roque, Jonasel, Wang, Henry, Huebinger, Ryan M., Patel, Bela, Vidales, Elizabeth, Albertson, Timothy, Hardy, Erin, Harper, Richart, Moss, Marc A., Baduashvili, Amiran, Chauhan, Lakshmi, Douin, David J., Martinez, Flora, Finck, Lani L., Bastman, Jill, Howell, Michelle, Higgins, Carrie, McKeehan, Jeffrey, Finigan, Jay, Stubenrauch, Peter, Janssen, William J., Griesmer, Christine, VerBurg, Olivia, Hyzy, Robert C., Park, Pauline K., Nelson, Kristine, McSparron, Jake I., Co, Ivan N., Wang, Bonnie R., Jimenez, Jose, Olbrich, Norman, McDonough, Kelli, Jia, Shijing, Hanna, Sinan, Gong, Michelle N., Richardson, Lynne D., Nair, Rahul, Lopez, Brenda, Amosu, Omowunmi, Offor, Obiageli, Tzehaie, Hiwet, Nkemdirim, William, Boujid, Sabah, Mosier, Jarrod M., Hypes, Cameron, Campbell, Elizabeth Salvagio, Bixby, Billie, Gilson, Boris, Lopez, Anitza, Bime, Christian, Parthasarathy, Sairam, Cano, Ariana M., Hite, R. Duncan, Terndrup, Thomas E., Wiedemann, Herbert P., Hudock, Kristin, Tanzeem, Hammad, More, Harshada, Martinkovic, Jamie, Sellers, Susan, Houston, Judy, Burns, Mary, Kiran, Simra, Roads, Tammy, Kennedy, Sarah, Duggal, Abhijit, Thiruchelvam, Nirosshan, Ashok, Kiran, King, Alexander H., Mehkri, Omar, Dugar, Siddharth, Sahoo, Debasis, Yealy, Donald M., Angus, Derek C., Weissman, Alexandra J., Vita, Tina M., Berryman, Emily, Hough, Catherine L., Khan, Akram, Krol, Olivia F., Mills, Emmanuel, Kinjal, Mistry, Briceno, Genesis, Reddy, Raju, Hubel, Kinsley, Jouzestani, Milad K., McDougal, Madeline, Deshmukh, Rupali, Johnston, Nicholas J., Robinson, Bryce H., Gundel, Staphanie J., Katsandres, Sarah C., Chen, Peter, Torbati, Sam S., Parimon, Tanyalak, Caudill, Antonina, Mattison, Brittany, Jackman, Susan E., Chen, Po-En, Bayoumi, Emad, Ojukwu, Cristabelle, Fine, Devin, Weissberg, Gwendolyn, Isip, Katherine, Choi-Kuaea, Yunhee, Mehdikhani, Shaunt, Dar, Tahir B., Fleury Augustin, Nsole Biteghe, Tran, Dana, Dukov, Jennifer Emilow, Matusov, Yuri, Choe, June, Hindoyan, Niree A., Wynter, Timothy, Pascual, Ethan, Clapham, Gregg J., Herrera, Lisa, Caudill, Antonia, O’Mahony, D. Shane, Nyatsatsang, Sonam T., Wilson, David M., Wallick, Julie A., Duven, Alexandria M., Fletcher, Dakota D., Miller, Chadwick, Files, D. Clark, Gibbs, Kevin W., Flores, Lori S., LaRose, Mary E., Landreth, Leigha D., Palacios, D. Rafael, Parks, Lisa, Hicks, Madeline, Goodwin, Andrew J., Kilb, Edward F., Lematty, Caitlan T., Patti, Kerilyn, Grady, Abigail, Rasberry, April, Morris, Peter E., Sturgill, Jamie L., Cassity, Evan P., Dhar, Sanjay, Montgomery-Yates, Ashley A., Pasha, Sarah N., Mayer, Kirby P., Pharm.D., Brittany Bissel, Trott, Terren, Rehman, Shahnaz, de Wit, Marjolein, Mason, Jessica, Bledsoe, Joseph, Knowlton, Kirk U., Brown, Samuel, Lanspa, Michael, Leither, Lindsey, Pelton, Ithan, Armbruster, Brent P., Montgomery, Quinn, Kumar, Naresh, Fergus, Melissa, Imel, Karah, Palmer, Ghazal, Webb, Brandon, Klippel, Carolyn, Jensen, Hannah, Duckworth, Sarah, Gray, Andrew, Burke, Tyler, Knox, Dan, Lumpkin, Jenna, Aston, Valerie T., Applegate, Darrin, Serezlic, Erna, Brown, Katie, Merril, Mardee, Harris, Estelle S., Middleton, Elizabeth A., Barrios, Macy A.G., Greer, Jorden, Schmidt, Amber D., Webb, Melissa K., Paine, Roert, Callahan, Sean J., Waddoups, Lindsey J., Yamane, Misty B., Self, Wesley H., Rice, Todd W., Casey, Jonathan D., Johnson, Jakea, Gray, Christopher, Hays, Margaret, Roth, Megan, Menon, Vidya, Kasubhai, Moiz, Pillai, Anjana, Daniel, Jean, Sittler, Daniel, Kanna, Balavenkatesh, Jilani, Nargis, Amaro, Francisco, Santana, Jessica, Lyakovestsky, Aleksandr, Madhoun, Issa, Desroches, Louis Marie, Amadon, Nicole, Bahr, Alaa, Ezzat, Imaan, Guerrero, Maryanne, Padilla, Joane, Fullmer, Jessie, Singh, Inderpreet, Ali Shah, Syed Hamad, Narang, Rajeev, Mock, Polly, Shadle, Melissa, Hernandez, Brenda, Welch, Kevin, Payne, Andrea, Ertl, Gabriela, Canario, Daniel, Barrientos, Isabel, Goss, Danielle, DeVries, Mattie, Folowosele, Ibidolapo, Garner, Dorothy, Gomez, Mariana, Price, Justin, Bansal, Ekta, Wong, Jim, Faulhaber, Jason, Fazili, Tasaduq, Yeary, Brian, Ndolo, Ruth, Bryant, Christina, Smigeil, Bridgette, Robinson, Philip, Najjar, Rana, Jones, Patrice, Nguyen, Julie, Chin, Christina, Taha, Hassan, Najm, Salah, Smith, Christopher, Moore, Jason, Nassar, Talal, Gallinger, Nick, Christian, Amy, Mauer, D’Amber, Phipps, Ashley, Waters, Michael, Zepeda, Karla, Coslet, Jordan, Landazuri, Rosalynn, Pineda, Jacob, Uribe, Nicole, Garcia, Jose Ruiz, Barbabosa, Cecilia, Sandler, Kaitlyn, Overcash, J. Scott, Marquez, Adrienna, Chu, Hanh, Lee, Kia, Quillin, Kimberly, Garcia, Andrea, Lew, Pauline, Rogers, Ralph, Shehadeh, Fadi, Mylona, Evangelia K., Kaczynski, Matthew, Tran, Quynh-Lam, Benitez, Gregorio, Mishra, Biswajit, Felix, Lewis Oscar, Vafea, Maria Tsikala, Atalla, Eleftheria, Davies, Robin, Hedili, Salma, Monkeberg, Maria Andrea, Tabler, Sandra, Harrington, Britt, Meegada, Sreenath, Koripalli, Venkata Sandeep, Muddana, Prithvi, Jain, Lakshay, Undavalli, Chaitanya, Kavya, Parasa, Ibiwoye, Mofoluwaso, Akilo, Hameed, Lovette, Bryce D., Wylie, Jamie-Crystal, Smith, Diana M., Poon, Kenneth, Eckardt, Paula, Heysu, Rubio-Gomez, Sundararaman, Nithya, Alaby, Doris, Sareli, Candice, Sánchez, Adriana, Popielski, Laura, Kambo, Amy, Viens, Kimberley, Turner, Melissa, Vjecha, Michael J., Weintrob, Amy, Brar, Indira, Markowitz, Norman, Pastor, Erika, Corpuz, Roweena, Alangaden, George, McKinnon, John, Ramesh, Mayur, Herc, Erica, Yared, Nicholas, Lanfranco, Odaliz Abreu, Rivers, Emanuel, Swiderek, Jennifer, Gupta, Ariella Hodari, Pabla, Pardeep, Eliya, Sonia, Jazrawi, Jehan, Delor, Jeremy, Desai, Mona, Cook, Aaron, Jaehne, Anja Kathrina, Gill, Jasreen Kaur, Renaud, Sheri, Sarveswaran, Siva, Gardner, Edward, Scott, James, Bianchini, Monica, Melvin, Casey, Kim, Gina, Wyles, David, Kamis, Kevin, Miller, Rachel, Douglas, Ivor, Haukoos, Jason, Hicks, Carrie, Lazarte, Susana, Marines-Price, Rubria, Osuji, Alice, Agbor Agbor, Barbine Tchamba, Petersen, Tianna, Kamel, Dena, Hansen, Laura, Garcia, Angie, Cha, Christine, Mozaffari, Azadeh, Hernandez, Rosa, Cutrell, James, Kim, Mina, DellaValle, Natalie, Gonzales, Sonia, Somboonwit, Charurut, Oxner, Asa, Guerra, Lucy, Hayes, Michael, Nguyen, Thi, Tran, Thanh, Pinto, Avenette, Hatlen, Timothy, Anderson, Betty, Zepeda-Gutierrez, Ana, Martin, Dannae, Temblador, Cindi, Cuenca, Avon, Tanoviceanu, Roxanne, Prieto, Martha, Guerrero, Mario, Daar, Eric, Correa, Ramiro, Hartnell, Gabe, Wortmann, Glenn, Doshi, Saumil, Moriarty, Theresa, Gonzales, Melissa, Garman, Kristin, Baker, Jason V., Frosch, Anne, Goldsmith, Rachael, Driver, Brian, Frank, Christine, Leviton, Tzivia, Prekker, Matthew, Jibrell, Hodan, Lo, Melanie, Klaphake, Jonathan, Mackedanz, Shari, Ngo, Linh, Garcia-Myers, Kelly, Kunisaki, Ken M., Wendt, Chris, Melzer, Anne, Wetherbee, Erin, Drekonja, Dimitri, Pragman, Alexa, Hamel, Aimee, Thielen, Abbie, Hassler, Miranda, Walquist, Mary, Augenbraun, Michael, George, Jensen, Demeo, Lynette, Mishko, Motria, Thomas, Lorraine, Tatem, Luis, Dehovitz, Jack, Abassi, Mahsa, Leuck, Anne-Marie, Rao, Via, Pullen, Matthew, Luke, Darlette, LaBar, Derek, Christiansen, Theresa, Howard, Diondra, Biswas, Kousick, Harrington, Cristin, Garcia, Amanda, Bremer, Tammy, Burke, Tara, Koker, Brittany, Davis-Karim, Anne, Pittman, David, Vasudeva, Shikha S., Johnstone, Jaylynn R., Agnetti, Kate, Davis, Ruby, Trautner, Barbara, Hines-Munson, Casey, Van, John, Dillon, Laura, Wang, Yiqun, Nagy-Agren, Stephanie, Vasudeva, Shikha, Ochalek, Tracy, Caldwell, Erin, Humerickhouse, Edward, Boone, David, McGraw, William, Looney, David J., Mehta, Sanjay R., Johns, Scott Thompson, St. John, Melissa, Raceles, Jacqueline, Sear, Emily, Funk, Stephen, Cesarini, Rosa, Fang, Michelle, Nicalo, Keith, Drake, Wonder, Jones, Beatrice, Holtman, Teresa, Nguyen, Hien H., Maniar, Archana, Johnson, Eric A., Nguyen, Lam, Tran, Michelle T., Barrett, Thomas W., Johnston, Tera, Huggins, John T., Beiko, Tatsiana Y., Hughes, Heather Y., McManigle, William C., Tanner, Nichole T., Washburn, Ronald G., Ardelt, Magdalena, Tuohy, Patricia A., Mixson, Jennifer L., Hinton, Charles G., Thornley, Nicola, Allen, Heather, Elam, Shannon, Boatman, Barry, Baber, Brittany J., Ryant, Rudell, Roller, Brentin, Nguyen, Chinh, Mikail, Amani Morgan, Research, Marivic Hansen, Lichtenberger, Paola, Baracco, Gio, Ramos, Carol, Bjork, Lauren, Sueiro, Melyssa, Tien, Phyllis, Freasier, Heather, Buck, Theresa, Nekach, Hafida, Holodniy, Mark, Chary, Aarthi, Lu, Kan, Peters, Theresa, Lopez, Jessica, Tan, Susanna Yu, Lee, Robert H., Asghar, Aliya, Karyn Isip, Tasadduq Karim, Le, Katherine, Nguyen, Thao, Wong, Shinn, Raben, Dorthe, Murray, Daniel D., Jensen, Tomas O., Peters, Lars, Aagaard, Bitten, Nielsen, Charlotte B., Krapp, Katharina, Nykjær, Bente Rosdahl, Olsson, Christina, Kanne, Katja Lisa, Grevsen, Anne Louise, Joensen, Zillah Maria, Bruun, Tina, Bojesen, Ane, Woldbye, Frederik, Normand, Nick E., Esman, Frederik V.L., Benfield, Thomas, Clausen, Clara Lundetoft, Hovmand, Nichlas, Israelsen, Simone Bastrup, Iversen, Katrine, Leding, Caecilie, Pedersen, Karen Brorup, Thorlacius-Ussing, Louise, Tinggaard, Michaela, Tingsgard, Sandra, Krohn-Dehli, Louise, Pedersen, Dorthe, Villadsen, Signe, Staehr Jensen, Jens-Ulrik, Overgaard, Rikke, Rastoder, Ema, Heerfordt, Christian, Hedsund, Caroline, Ronn, Christian Phillip, Kamstrup, Peter Thobias, Hogsberg, Dorthe Sandbaek, Bergsoe, Christina, Søborg, Christian, Hissabu, Nuria M.S., Arp, Bodil C., Ostergaard, Lars, Staerke, Nina Breinholt, Yehdego, Yordanos, Sondergaard, Ane, Johansen, Isik S., Pedersen, Andreas Arnholdt, Knudtzen, Fredrikke C., Larsen, Lykke, Hertz, Mathias A., Fabricius, Thilde, Holden, Inge K., Lindvig, Susan O., Helleberg, Marie, Gerstoft, Jan, Kirk, Ole, Jensen, Tomas Ostergaard, Madsen, Birgitte Lindegaard, Pedersen, Thomas Ingemann, Harboe, Zitta Barrella, Roge, Birgit Thorup, Hansen, Thomas Michael, Glesner, Matilde Kanstrup, Lofberg, Sandra Valborg, Nielsen, Ariella Denize, Leicht von Huth, Sebastian, Nielsen, Henrik, Thisted, Rikke Krog, Petersen, Kristine Toft, Juhl, Maria Ruwald, Podlekareva, Daria, Johnsen, Stine, Andreassen, Helle Frost, Pedersen, Lars, Clara Ellinor Lindnér, Cecilia Ebba, Wiese, Lothar, Knudsen, Lene Surland, Skrøder Nytofte, Nikolaj Julian, Havmøller, Signe Ravn, Expósito, Maria, Badillo, José, Martínez, Ana, Abad, Elena, Chamorro, Ana, Figuerola, Ariadna, Mateu, Lourdes, España, Sergio, Lucero, Maria Constanza, Santos, José Ramón, Lladós, Gemma, Lopez, Cristina, Carabias, Lydia, Molina-Morant, Daniel, Loste, Cora, Bracke, Carmen, Siles, Adrian, Fernández-Cruz, Eduardo, Di Natale, Marisa, Padure, Sergiu, Gomez, Jimena, Ausin, Cristina, Cervilla, Eva, Balastegui, Héctor, Sainz, Carmen Rodríguez, Lopez, Paco, Carbone, Javier, Escobar, Mariam, Balerdi, Leire, Legarda, Almudena, Roldan, Montserrat, Letona, Laura, Muñoz, José, Camprubí, Daniel, Arribas, Jose R., Sánchez, Rocio Montejano, Díaz-Pollán, Beatriz, Stewart, Stefan Mark, Garcia, Irene, Borobia, Alberto, Mora-Rillo, Marta, Estrada, Vicente, Cabello, Noemi, Nuñez-Orantos, M.J., Sagastagoitia, I., Homen, J.R., Orviz, E., Montalvá, Adrián Sánchez, Espinosa-Pereiro, Juan, Bosch-Nicolau, Pau, Salvador, Fernando, Burgos, Joaquin, Morales-Rull, Jose Luis, Moreno Pena, Anna Maria, Acosta, Cristina, Solé-Felip, Cristina, Horcajada, Juan P., Sendra, Elena, Castañeda, Silvia, López-Montesinos, Inmaculada, Gómez-Junyent, Joan, Gonzáles, Carlota Gudiol, Cuervo, Guilermo, Pujol, Miquel, Carratalà, Jordi, Videla, Sebastià, Günthard, Huldrych, Braun, Dominique L., West, Emily, M’Rabeth-Bensalah, Khadija, Eichinger, Mareile L., Grüttner-Durmaz, Manuela, Grube, Christina, Zink, Veronika, pharmacist, Goes pharmacist, Josefine, Fätkenheuer, Gerd, Malin, Jakob J., Tsertsvadze, Tengiz, Abutidze, Akaki, Chkhartishvili, Nikoloz, Metchurtchlishvili, Revaz, Endeladze, Marina, Paciorek, Marcin, Bursa, Dominik, Krogulec, Dominika, Pulik, Piotr, Ignatowska, Anna, Horban, Andrzej, Bakowska, Elzbieta, Kowaska, Justyna, Bednarska, Agnieszka, Jurek, Natalia, Skrzat-Klapaczynska, Agata, Bienkowski, Carlo, Hackiewicz, Malgorzata, Makowiecki, Michal, Platowski, Antoni, Fishchuk, Roman, Kobrynska, Olena, Levandovska, Khrystyna, Kirieieva, Ivanna, Kuziuk, Mykhailo, Naucler, Pontus, Perlhamre, Emma, Mazouch, Lotta, Kelleher, Anthony, Polizzotto, Mark, Carey, Catherine, Chang, Christina C., Hough, Sally, Virachit, Sophie, Davidson, Sarah, Bice, Daniel J., Ognenovska, Katherine, Cabrera, Gesalit, Flynn, Ruth, Young, Barnaby E., Chia, Po Ying, Lee, Tau Hong, Lin, Ray J., Lye, David C., Ong, Sean W.X., Puah, Ser Hon, Yeo, Tsin Wen, Diong, Shiau Hui, Ongko, Juwinda, Yeo, He Ping, Eriobu, Nnakelu, Kwaghe, Vivian, Zaiyad, Habib, Idoko, Godwin, Uche, Blessing, Selvamuthu, Poongulali, Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran, Beulah, Faith Ester, Govindarajan, Narayan, Mariyappan, Kowsalya, Losso, Marcelo H., Abela, Cecilia, Moretto, Renzo, Belloc, Carlos G., Ludueña, Jael, Amar, Josefina, Toibaro, Javier, Macias, Laura Moreno, Fernandez, Lucia, Frare, Pablo S., Chaio, Sebastian R., Pachioli, Valeria, Timpano, Stella M., Sanchez, Marisa del Lujan, de Paz Sierra, Mariana, Stanek, Vanina, Belloso, Waldo, Cilenti, Flavia L., Valentini, Ricardo N., Stryjewski, Martin E., Locatelli, Nicolas, Soler Riera, Maria C., Salgado, Clara, Baeck, Ines M., Di Castelnuovo, Valentina, Zarza, Stella M., Hudson, Fleur, Parmar, Mahesh K.B., Goodman, Anna L., Dphil, Badrock, Jonathan, Gregory, Adam, Goodall, Katharine, Harris, Nicola, Wyncoll, James, Bhagani, S., Rodger, A., Luntiel, A., Patterson, C., Morales, J., Witele, E., Preston, A.-M., Nandani, A., Price, D.A., Hanrath, Aiden, Nell, Jeremy, Patel, Bijal, Hays, Carole, Jones, Geraldine, Davidson, Jade, Bawa, T., Mathews, M., Mazzella, A., Bisnauthsing, K., Aguilar-Jimenez, L., Borchini, F., Hammett, S., Touloumi, Giota, Pantazis, Nikos, Gioukari, Vicky, Souliou, Tania, Antoniadou, A., Protopapas, K., Kavatha, D., Grigoropoulou, S., Oikonomopoulo, C., Moschopoulos, C., Koulouris, N.G., Tzimopoulos, K., Koromilias, A., Argyraki, K., Lourida, P., Bakakos, P., Kalomenidis, I., Vlachakos, V., Barmparessou, Z., Balis, E., Zakynthinos, S., Sigala, I., Gianniou, N., Dima, E., Magkouta, S., Synolaki, E., Konstanta, S., Vlachou, M., Stathopoulou, P., Panagopoulos, P., Petrakis, V., Papazoglou, D., Tompaidou, E., Isaakidou, E., Poulakou, G., Rapti, V., Leontis, K., Nitsotolis, T., Athanasiou, K., Syrigos, K., Kyriakoulis, K., Trontzas, I., Arfara-Melanini, M., Kolonis, V., Kityo, Cissy, Mugerwa, Henry, Kiweewa, Francis, Kimuli, Ivan, Lukaakome, Joseph, Nsereko, Christoher, Lubega, Gloria, Kibirige, Moses, Nakahima, William, Wangi, Deus, Aguti, Evelyne, Generous, Lilian, Massa, Rosemary, Nalaki, Margaret, Magala, Felix, Nabaggala, Phiona Kaweesi, Kidega, Robert, Faith, Oryem Daizy, Florence, Apio, Emmanuel, Ocung, Beacham, Mugoonyi Paul, Geoffrey, Amone, Nakiboneka, Dridah, Apiyo, Paska, Kirenga, Bruce, Atukunda, Angella, Muttamba, Winters, Remmy, Kyeyume, Segawa, Ivan, Pheona, Nsubuga, Kigere, David, Mbabazi, Queen Lailah, Boersalino, Ledra, Nyakoolo, Grace, Fred, Aniongo, Alupo, Alice, Ebong, Doryn, Monday, Edson, Nalubwama, Ritah Norah, Kainja, Milton, Ambrose, Munu, Kwehayo, Vanon, Nalubega, Mary Grace, Ongoli, Augustine, Obbo, Stephen, Sebudde, Nicholus, Alaba, Jeniffer, Magombe, Geoffrey, Tino, Harriet, Obonya, Emmanuel, Lutaakome, Joseph, Kitonsa, Jonathan, Onyango, Martin, Naboth, Tukamwesiga, Naluyinda, Hadijah, Nanyunja, Regina, Irene, Muttiibwa, Jane, Biira, Wimfred, Kyobejja, Leonard, Ssemazzi, Deus, Tkiinomuhisha, Babra, Namasaba, Taire, Paul, Nabankema, Evelyn, Ogavu, Joseph, Mugerwa, Oscar, Okoth, Ivan, Mwebaze, Raymond, Mugabi, Timothy, Makhoba, Anthony, Arikiriza, Phiona, Theresa, Nabuuma, Nakayima, Hope, Frank, Kisuule, Ramgi, Patrícia, Pereira, Kássia, Osinusi, Anu, Cao, Huyen, Klekotka, Paul, Price, Karen, Nirula, Ajay, Osei, Suzette, Tipple, Craig, Wills, Angela, Peppercorn, Amanda, Watson, Helen, Gupta, Rajesh, Alexander, Elizabeth, Mogalian, Erik, Lin, Leo, Ding, Xiao, Margolis, David, Yan, Li, Girardet, Jean-Luc, Ma, Ji, Hong, Zhi, Zhu, Quing, Seegobin, Seth, Gibbs, Michael, Latchman, Mickel, Hasior, Katarzyna, Bouquet, Jerome, Wei, Jianxin, Streicher, Katie, Schmelzer, Albert, Brooks, Dennis, Butcher, Jonny, Tonev, Dimitar, Arbetter, Douglas, Damstetter, Philippe, Legenne, Philippe, Stumpp, Michael, Goncalves, Susana, Ramanathan, Krishnan, Chandra, Richa, Baseler, Beth, Teitelbaum, Marc, Schechner, Adam, Holley, H. Preston, Jankelevich, Shirley, Becker, Nancy, Dolney, Suzanne, Hissey, Debbie, Simpson, Shelly, Kim, Mi Ha, Beeler, Joy, Harmon, Liam, Asomah, Mabel, Jato, Yvonne, Stottlemyer, April, Tang, Olivia, Vanderpuye, Sharon, Yeon, Lindsey, Buehn, Molly, Eccard-Koons, Vanessa, Frary, Sadie, MacDonald, Leah, Cash, Jennifer, Hoopengardner, Lisa, Linton, Jessica, Schaffhauser, Marylu, Nelson, Michaela, Spinelli-Nadzam, Mary, Proffitt, Calvin, Lee, Christopher, Engel, Theresa, Fontaine, Laura, Osborne, C.K., Hohn, Matt, Galcik, Michael, Thompson, DeeDee, Kopka, Stacey, Shelley, Denise M., Mendez, Gregg, Brown, Shawn, Albert, Sara, Balde, Abby, Baracz, Michelle, Bielica, Mona, Billouin-Frazier, Shere, Choudary, Jay, Dixon, Mary, Eyler, Carolyn, Frye, Leanne, Gertz, Jensen, Giebeig, Lisa, Gulati, Neelam, Hankinson, Liz, Hogarty, Debi, Huber, Lynda, Krauss, Gary, Lake, Eileen, Manandhar, Meryan, Rudzinski, Erin, Sandrus, Jen, Suders, Connie, Natarajan, Ven, Rupert, Adam W., Baseler, Michael, Lynam, Danielle, Imamichi, Tom, Laverdure, Sylvain, McCormack, Ashley, Paudel, Sharada, Cook, Kyndal, Haupt, Kendra, Khan, Ayub, Hazen, Allison, Badralmaa, Yunden, Smith, Kenneth, Patel, Bhakti, Kubernac, Amanda, Kubernac, Robert, Hoover, Marie L., Solomon, Courtney, Rashid, Marium, Murphy, Joseph, Brown, Craig, DuChateau, Nadine, Ellis, Sadie, Flosi, Adam, Fox, Lisa, Johnson, Les, Nelson, Rich, Stojanovic, Jelena, Treagus, Amy, Wenner, Christine, Williams, Richard, Jensen, Tomas O, Murray, Thomas A, Grandits, Greg A, Jain, Mamta K, Shaw-Saliba, Kathryn, Matthay, Michael A, Baker, Jason V, Dewar, Robin L, Goodman, Anna L, Hatlen, Timothy J, Highbarger, Helene C, Lallemand, Perrine, Leshnower, Bradley G, Looney, David, Moschopoulos, Charalampos D, Murray, Daniel D, Mylonakis, Eleftherios, Rehman, M Tauseef, Rupert, Adam, Stevens, Randy, Turville, Stuart, Wick, Katherine, Lundgren, Jens, and Ko, Emily R

Published
2024
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15. Heart Rate Variability on 10-Second Electrocardiogram and Risk of Acute Exacerbation of COPD: A Secondary Analysis of the BLOCK COPD Trial.

Author

MacDonald, David M, Mkorombindo, Takudzwa, Ling, Sharon X, Adabag, Selcuk, Casaburi, Richard, Connett, John E, Helgeson, Erika S, Porszasz, Janos, Rossiter, Harry B, Stringer, William W, Voelker, Helen, Zhao, Dongxing, Dransfield, Mark T, and Kunisaki, Ken M

Subjects
Epidemiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Prevention, Lung, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, Respiratory, acute exacerbation of COPD, heart rate variability, BLOCK-COPD, electrocardiogram, autonomic nervous system
Abstract

IntroductionAutonomic dysfunction is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and worse autonomic function may be a marker of risk for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of autonomic function. Our objective was to test whether lower (worse) HRV is a risk factor for AECOPD.MethodsWe measured standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD) on 10-second electrocardiograms (ECGs) performed at screening and day 42 in participants in the Beta Blockers for the Prevention of Acute Exacerbations of COPD trial ( BLOCK-COPD), a placebo-controlled trial of metoprolol for prevention of AECOPD. We used Cox-proportional hazards models to test if these HRV measures were associated with risk of any AECOPD, and separately, hospitalized AECOPD. We tested associations using baseline HRV measures and incorporating HRV measures from day 42 as a time-varying covariate. We also tested for interactions with metoprolol assignment.ResultsOf 532 trial participants, 529 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1 ]41 ± 16.3 % predicted) were included in this analysis. We did not find a significant association between HRV measures and risk of AECOPD when all participants were analyzed together. There was a significant interaction between RMSSD and assignment to metoprolol on time to first hospitalized AECOPD; in the placebo group greater RMSSD was associated with a lower risk of hospitalized AECOPD (adjusted hazard ratio0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.52 to 0.96, per 10 ms increase) but there was no association in the metoprolol group.ConclusionsAutonomic dysfunction as measured by HRV may be a risk factor for AECOPD. Future studies should analyze longer HRV recordings and their performance in broader samples of people with COPD, including those on beta-blockers.

Published
2022

16. Chronotropic index during 6-minute walk and acute respiratory events in COPDGene

Author

Macdonald, David M, Palzer, Elise F, Abbasi, Asghar, Baldomero, Arianne K, Bhatt, Surya P, Casaburi, Richard, Connett, John E, Dransfield, Mark T, Gaeckle, Nathaniel T, Mkorombindo, Takudzwa, Rossiter, Harry B, Stringer, William W, Tiller, Nicholas B, Wendt, Chris H, Zhao, Dongxing, and Kunisaki, Ken M

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Lung, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, Exercise Test, Exercise Tolerance, Humans, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Spirometry, Walk Test, Walking, Pulmonary disease, Chronic obstructive, Cardiac chronotropy, Disease exacerbation, Cohort study, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Respiratory System, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract

BackgroundLower heart rate (HR) increases during exercise and slower HR recovery (HRR) after exercise are markers of worse autonomic function that may be associated with risk of acute respiratory events (ARE).MethodsData from 6-min walk testing (6MWT) in COPDGene were used to calculate the chronotropic index (CI) [(HR immediately post 6MWT - resting HR)/((220 - age) - resting HR)] and HRR at 1 min after 6MWT completion. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression to test associations of CI and HRR with rates of any ARE (requiring steroids and/or antibiotics) and severe ARE (requiring emergency department visit or hospitalization), among all participants and in spirometry subgroups (normal, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], and preserved ratio with impaired spirometry).ResultsAmong 4,484 participants, mean follow-up time was 4.1 years, and 1,966 had COPD. Among all participants, CI-6MWT was not associated with rate of any ARE [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 0.98 (0.95-1.01)], but higher CI-6MWT was associated with lower rate of severe ARE [0.95 (0.92-0.99)]. Higher HRR was associated with a lower rate of both any ARE [0.97 (0.95-0.99)] and severe ARE [0.95 (0.92-0.98)]. Results were similar in the COPD spirometry subgroup.ConclusionHeart rate measures derived from 6MWT tests may have utility in predicting risk of acute respiratory events and COPD exacerbations.

Published
2022

18. Chronotropic Index and Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Secondary Analysis of BLOCK COPD.

Author

MacDonald, David M, Helgeson, Erika S, Adabag, Selcuk, Casaburi, Richard, Connett, John E, Stringer, William W, Voelker, Helen, Dransfield, Mark T, and Kunisaki, Ken M

Subjects
Humans, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Disease Progression, Respiratory Function Tests, Forced Expiratory Volume, Hospitalization, cardiac chronotropy, chronic obstructive, disease exacerbation, pulmonary disease, Prevention, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Lung, Respiratory
Abstract

Rationale: The chronotropic index quantifies the proportion of the expected heart rate increase that is attained during exercise. The relationship between the chronotropic index and acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPDs) has not been evaluated. Objectives: To determine whether a higher chronotropic index during a 6-minute walk (CI-6MW) is associated with lower risk of AECOPD and whether the CI-6MW is a marker of susceptibility to adverse effects of metoprolol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: We analyzed data from the BLOCK COPD (Beta-Blockers for the Prevention of AECOPDs) trial. We used Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the relationship between the CI-6MW and the time to AECOPDs. We also tested for interactions between study group assignment (metoprolol vs. placebo) and the CI-6MW on the time to AECOPDs. Results: Four hundred seventy-seven participants with exacerbation-prone COPD (mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second, 41% of predicted) were included in this analysis. A higher CI-6MW was independently associated with a decreased risk of AECOPDs of any severity (adjusted hazard ratio per 0.1 increase in CI-6MW of 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.96) but was not independently associated with AECOPDs requiring hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.81-1.05). There was a significant interaction by treatment assignment, and in a stratified analysis, the protective effects of a higher CI-6MW on AECOPDs were negated by metoprolol use. Conclusions: A higher CI-6MW is associated with a decreased risk of AECOPDs and may be an indicator of susceptibility to the adverse effects of metoprolol.

Published
2021

19. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in HIV

Author

Byanova, Katerina, Kunisaki, Ken M, Vasquez, Joshua, and Huang, Laurence

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Infectious Diseases, Tobacco, HIV/AIDS, Prevention, Lung, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Infection, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, Air Pollution, Comorbidity, HIV Infections, Humans, Prevalence, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Air pollution, COPD, HIV, inflammation, lung function, lung structure, management, smoking, Public Health and Health Services, Respiratory System, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is more prevalent in people with HIV (PWH) than in the general population and leads to an increased burden of morbidity and mortality in this population. The mechanisms behind COPD development and progression in PWH are not fully elucidated, and there are no PWH-specific guidelines for COPD management. Areas covered: The goal of this broad narrative review is to review the epidemiology of COPD in PWH globally, highlight proposed pathways contributing to increased COPD prevalence and progression in PWH, discuss structural and functional changes in the lungs in this population, assesses the excess mortality and comorbidities in PWH with COPD, and address management practices for this unique population. Expert opinion: Understanding how a chronic viral infection leads to COPD, independent of cigarette smoking, is of critical scientific importance. Further research should focus on the pathophysiology of the interaction between HIV and COPD, and determine the role of disease-modifying risk factors such as opportunistic pneumonia and air pollution, as well as generate data from randomized clinical trials on the safety and efficacy of specific therapies for this vulnerable patient population.

Published
2021

20. The presence of emphysema on chest imaging and mid-life cognition.

Author

Henkle, Benjamin E, Colangelo, Laura A, Dransfield, Mark T, Hou, Lifang, Jacobs, David R, Joyce, Brian T, Pistenmaa, Carrie L, Putman, Rachel K, Sidney, Steve, Thyagarajan, Bharat, Washko, George R, Yaffe, Kristine, Kalhan, Ravi, and Kunisaki, Ken M

Abstract

BackgroundAirflow obstruction is associated with cognitive dysfunction but studies have not assessed how emphysema, a structural phenotype of lung disease, might be associated with cognitive function independent from pulmonary function measured by spirometry. We aimed to determine the relationship between the presence of visually detectable emphysema on chest computed tomography (CT) imaging and cognitive function.MethodsWe examined 2491 participants, mean age of 50 years, from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study who were assessed for the presence of emphysema on chest CT imaging and had cognitive function measured 5 years later with a battery of six cognitive tests.ResultsOf those assessed, 172 (7%) had emphysema. After adjusting for age, sex, height, study centre, race, body mass index, education and smoking, visual emphysema was significantly associated with worse performance on most cognitive tests. Compared to those without emphysema, participants with emphysema performed worse on cognitive testing: 0.39 sd units lower (95% CI -0.53- -0.25) on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, 0.27 sd units lower (95% CI -0.42- -0.12) on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, 0.29 sd units lower (95% CI -0.43- -0.14) on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test and 0.25 sd units lower (95% CI -0.42- -0.09) on letter fluency. Further adjustment for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), peak FEV1 and annualised FEV1 decline did not attenuate these associations.ConclusionsThe presence of emphysema on chest CT is associated with worse cognitive function, independent of airflow obstruction. These data suggest that emphysema may be a novel risk factor for cognitive impairment.

Published
2021

21. Identifying a Heart Rate Recovery Criterion After a 6-Minute Walk Test in COPD.

Author

Zhao, Dongxing, Abbasi, Asghar, Casaburi, Richard, Adami, Alessandra, Tiller, Nicholas B, Yuan, Wei, Yee, Christopher, Jendzjowsky, Nicholas G, MacDonald, David M, Kunisaki, Ken M, Stringer, William W, Porszasz, Janos, Make, Barry J, Bowler, Russell P, Rossiter, Harry B, and COPDGene Investigators

Subjects
COPDGene Investigators, COPD exacerbation, autonomic dysfunction, chest computed tomography, exercise, spirometry, Forced Expiratory Volume, Heart Rate, Humans, Lung, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Quality of Life, Walk Test, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Prevention, Respiratory, Respiratory System, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology
Abstract

BackgroundSlow heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise is associated with autonomic dysfunction and increased mortality. What HRR criterion at 1-minute after a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) best defines pulmonary impairment?.Study design and methodsA total of 5008 phase 2 COPDGene (NCT00608764) participants with smoking history were included. A total of 2127 had COPD and, of these, 385 were followed-up 5-years later. Lung surgery, transplant, bronchiectasis, atrial fibrillation, heart failure and pacemakers were exclusionary. HR was measured from pulse oximetry at end-walk and after 1-min seated recovery. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) identified optimal HRR cut-off. Generalized linear regression determined HRR association with spirometry, chest CT, symptoms and exacerbations.ResultsHRR after 6MWT (bt/min) was categorized in quintiles: ≤5 (23.0% of participants), 6-10 (20.7%), 11-15 (18.9%), 16-22 (18.5%) and ≥23 (18.9%). Compared to HRR≤5, HRR≥11 was associated with (p

Published
2021

22. A Risk Prediction Model for Mortality Among Smokers in the COPDGene® Study.

Author

Strand, Matthew, Austin, Erin, Moll, Matthew, Pratte, Katherine A, Regan, Elizabeth A, Hayden, Lystra P, Bhatt, Surya P, Boriek, Aladin M, Casaburi, Richard, Silverman, Edwin K, Fortis, Spyridon, Ruczinski, Ingo, Koegler, Harald, Rossiter, Harry B, Occhipinti, Mariaelena, Hanania, Nicola A, Gebrekristos, Hirut T, Lynch, David A, Kunisaki, Ken M, Young, Kendra A, Sieren, Jessica C, Ragland, Margaret, Hokanson, John E, Lutz, Sharon M, Make, Barry J, Kinney, Gregory L, Cho, Michael H, Pistolesi, Massimo, DeMeo, Dawn L, Sciurba, Frank C, Comellas, Alejandro P, Diaz, Alejandro A, Barjaktarevic, Igor, Bowler, Russell P, Kanner, Richard E, Peters, Stephen P, Ortega, Victor E, Dransfield, Mark T, and Crapo, James D

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Lung, Tobacco, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Clinical Research, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, COPD, COPD Genetic Epidemiology study, COPDGene, spirometry, preserved ratio-impaired spiromety, PRISm, risk score, copd, preserved ratio-impaired spirometry
Abstract

BackgroundRisk factor identification is a proven strategy in advancing treatments and preventive therapy for many chronic conditions. Quantifying the impact of those risk factors on health outcomes can consolidate and focus efforts on individuals with specific high-risk profiles. Using multiple risk factors and longitudinal outcomes in 2 independent cohorts, we developed and validated a risk score model to predict mortality in current and former cigarette smokers.MethodsWe obtained extensive data on current and former smokers from the COPD Genetic Epidemiology (COPDGene®) study at enrollment. Based on physician input and model goodness-of-fit measures, a subset of variables was selected to fit final Weibull survival models separately for men and women. Coefficients and predictors were translated into a point system, allowing for easy computation of mortality risk scores and probabilities. We then used the SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcome Measures In COPD Study (SPIROMICS) cohort for external validation of our model.ResultsOf 9867 COPDGene participants with standard baseline data, 17.6% died over 10 years of follow-up, and 9074 of these participants had the full set of baseline predictors (standard plus 6-minute walk distance and computed tomography variables) available for full model fits. The average age of participants in the cohort was 60 for both men and women, and the average predicted 10-year mortality risk was 18% for women and 25% for men. Model time-integrated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve statistics demonstrated good predictive model accuracy (0.797 average), validated in the external cohort (0.756 average). Risk of mortality was impacted most by 6-minute walk distance, forced expiratory volume in 1 second and age, for both men and women.ConclusionsCurrent and former smokers exhibited a wide range of mortality risk over a 10- year period. Our models can identify higher risk individuals who can be targeted for interventions to reduce risk of mortality, for participants with or without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using current Global initiative for obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria.

Published
2020

23. Metoprolol for the Prevention of Acute Exacerbations of COPD

Author

Dransfield, Mark T, Voelker, Helen, Bhatt, Surya P, Brenner, Keith, Casaburi, Richard, Come, Carolyn E, Cooper, J Allen D, Criner, Gerard J, Curtis, Jeffrey L, Han, MeiLan K, Hatipoğlu, Umur, Helgeson, Erika S, Jain, Vipul V, Kalhan, Ravi, Kaminsky, David, Kaner, Robert, Kunisaki, Ken M, Lambert, Allison A, Lammi, Matthew R, Lindberg, Sarah, Make, Barry J, Martinez, Fernando J, McEvoy, Charlene, Panos, Ralph J, Reed, Robert M, Scanlon, Paul D, Sciurba, Frank C, Smith, Anthony, Sriram, Peruvemba S, Stringer, William W, Weingarten, Jeremy A, Wells, J Michael, Westfall, Elizabeth, Lazarus, Stephen C, and Connett, John E

Subjects
Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Lung, Clinical Research, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Respiratory, Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Disease Progression, Female, Forced Expiratory Volume, Hospitalization, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Metoprolol, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Treatment Failure, BLOCK COPD Trial Group, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract

BackgroundObservational studies suggest that beta-blockers may reduce the risk of exacerbations and death in patients with moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but these findings have not been confirmed in randomized trials.MethodsIn this prospective, randomized trial, we assigned patients between the ages of 40 and 85 years who had COPD to receive either a beta-blocker (extended-release metoprolol) or placebo. All the patients had a clinical history of COPD, along with moderate airflow limitation and an increased risk of exacerbations, as evidenced by a history of exacerbations during the previous year or the prescribed use of supplemental oxygen. We excluded patients who were already taking a beta-blocker or who had an established indication for the use of such drugs. The primary end point was the time until the first exacerbation of COPD during the treatment period, which ranged from 336 to 350 days, depending on the adjusted dose of metoprolol.ResultsA total of 532 patients underwent randomization. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 65.0±7.8 years; the mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was 41.1±16.3% of the predicted value. The trial was stopped early because of futility with respect to the primary end point and safety concerns. There was no significant between-group difference in the median time until the first exacerbation, which was 202 days in the metoprolol group and 222 days in the placebo group (hazard ratio for metoprolol vs. placebo, 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 1.32; P = 0.66). Metoprolol was associated with a higher risk of exacerbation leading to hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.83). The frequency of side effects that were possibly related to metoprolol was similar in the two groups, as was the overall rate of nonrespiratory serious adverse events. During the treatment period, there were 11 deaths in the metoprolol group and 5 in the placebo group.ConclusionsAmong patients with moderate or severe COPD who did not have an established indication for beta-blocker use, the time until the first COPD exacerbation was similar in the metoprolol group and the placebo group. Hospitalization for exacerbation was more common among the patients treated with metoprolol. (Funded by the Department of Defense; BLOCK COPD ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02587351.).

Published
2019

24. Prevalence of abnormal spirometry in individuals with a smoking history and no known obstructive lung disease

Author

Crapo, James D., Silverman, Edwin K., Make, Barry J., Regan, Elizabeth A., Beaty, Terri H., Castaldi, Peter J., Cho, Michael H., DeMeo, Dawn L., El Boueiz, Adel, Foreman, Marilyn G., Ghosh, Auyon, Hayden, Lystra P., Hersh, Craig P., Hetmanski, Jacqueline, Hobbs, Brian D., Hokanson, John E., Kim, Wonji, Laird, Nan, Lange, Christoph, Lutz, Sharon M., McDonald, Merry-Lynn, Prokopenko, Dmitry, Moll, Matthew, Morrow, Jarrett, Qiao, Dandi, Saferali, Aabida, Sakornsakolpat, Phuwanat, Wan, Emily S., Yun, Jeong, Centeno, Juan Pablo, Charbonnier, Jean-Paul, Coxson, Harvey O., Galban, Craig J., Han, MeiLan K., Hoffman, Eric A., Humphries, Stephen, Jacobson, Francine L., Judy, Philip F., Kazerooni, Ella A., Kluiber, Alex, Lynch, David A., Nardelli, Pietro, Newell, John D., Jr., Notary, Aleena, Oh, Andrea, Ross, James C., San Jose Estepar, Raul, Schroeder, Joyce, Sieren, Jered, Stoel, Berend C., Tschirren, Juerg, Van Beek, Edwin, van Ginneken, Bram, van Rikxoort, Eva, Sanchez Ferrero, Gonzalo Vegas, Veitel, Lucas, Washko, George R., Wilson, Carla G., Jensen, Robert, Everett, Douglas, Crooks, Jim, Pratte, Katherine, Strand, Matt, Austin, Erin, Kinney, Gregory, Young, Kendra A., Bhatt, Surya P., Bon, Jessica, Diaz, Alejandro A., Make, Barry, Murray, Susan, Regan, Elizabeth, Soler, Xavier, Bowler, Russell P., Kechris, Katerina, BanaeiKashani, Farnoush, Curtis, Jeffrey L., Pernicano, Perry G., Hanania, Nicola, Atik, Mustafa, Boriek, Aladin, Guntupalli, Kalpatha, Guy, Elizabeth, Parulekar, Amit, Hersh, Craig, Washko, George, Barr, R. Graham, Austin, John, D'Souza, Belinda, Thomashow, Byron, MacIntyre, Neil, Jr., McAdams, H. Page, Washington, Lacey, McEvoy, Charlene, Tashjian, Joseph, Wise, Robert, Brown, Robert, Hansel, Nadia N., Horton, Karen, Lambert, Allison, Putcha, Nirupama, Casaburi, Richard, Adami, Alessandra, Budoff, Matthew, Fischer, Hans, Porszasz, Janos, Rossiter, Harry, Stringer, William, Sharafkhaneh, Amir, Lan, Charlie, Wendt, Christine, Bell, Brian, Kunisaki, Ken M., Flenaugh, Eric L., Gebrekristos, Hirut, Ponce, Mario, Terpenning, Silanath, Westney, Gloria, Bowler, Russell, Rosiello, Richard, Pace, David, Criner, Gerard, Ciccolella, David, Cordova, Francis, Dass, Chandra, D'Alonzo, Gilbert, Desai, Parag, Jacobs, Michael, Kelsen, Steven, Kim, Victor, Mamary, A. James, Marchetti, Nathaniel, Satti, Aditi, Shenoy, Kartik, Steiner, Robert M., Swift, Alex, Swift, Irene, Vega-Sanchez, Maria Elena, Dransfield, Mark, Bailey, William, Iyer, Anand, Nath, Hrudaya, Wells, J. Michael, Conrad, Douglas, Yen, Andrew, Comellas, Alejandro P., Hoth, Karin F., Newell, John, Jr., Thompson, Brad, Kazerooni, Ella, Labaki, Wassim, Galban, Craig, Vummidi, Dharshan, Billings, Joanne, Begnaud, Abbie, Allen, Tadashi, Sciurba, Frank, Chandra, Divay, Weissfeld, Joel, Anzueto, Antonio, Adams, Sandra, Maselli-Caceres, Diego, Ruiz, Mario E., Singh, Harjinder, Tran, Thuonghien V., Kinney, Gregory L., Comellas, Alejandro, Baldomero, Arianne K., Hokanson, John, and Fortis, Spyridon

Published
2023
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25. Clinical Markers Associated With Risk of Suicide or Drug Overdose Among Individuals With Smoking Exposure: A Longitudinal Follow-up Study of the COPDGene Cohort

Author

Crapo, James D., Silverman, Edwin K., Make, Barry J., Regan, Elizabeth A., Beaty, Terri H., Castaldi, Peter J., Cho, Michael H., DeMeo, Dawn L., El Boueiz, Adel, Foreman, Marilyn G., Ghosh, Auyon, Hayden, Lystra P., Hersh, Craig P., Hetmanski, Jacqueline, Hobbs, Brian D., Hokanson, John E., Kim, Wonji, Laird, Nan, Lange, Christoph, Lutz, Sharon M., McDonald, Merry-Lynn, Prokopenko, Dmitry, Moll, Matthew, Morrow, Jarrett, Qiao, Dandi, Saferali, Aabida, Sakornsakolpat, Phuwanat, Wan, Emily S., Yun, Jeong, Centeno, Juan Pablo, Charbonnier, Jean-Paul, Coxson, Harvey O., Galban, Craig J., Han, MeiLan K., Hoffman, Eric A., Humphries, Stephen, Jacobson, Francine L., Judy, Philip F., Kazerooni, Ella A., Kluiber, Alex, Lynch, David A., Nardelli, Pietro, Newell, John D., Jr., Notary, Aleena, Oh, Andrea, Ross, James C., San Jose Estepar, Raul, Schroeder, Joyce, Sieren, Jered, Stoel, Berend C., Tschirren, Juerg, Van Beek, Edwin, van Ginneken, Bram, van Rikxoort, Eva, Sanchez-Ferrero, Gonzalo Vegas, Veitel, Lucas, Washko, George R., Wilson, Carla G., Jensen, Robert, Strand, Matthew, Crooks, Jim, Pratte, Katherine, Khatiwada, Aastha, Austin, Erin, Kinney, Gregory, Young, Kendra A., Bhatt, Surya P., Bon, Jessica, Diaz, Alejandro A., Make, Barry, Murray, Susan, Regan, Elizabeth, Soler, Xavier, Bowler, Russell P., Kechris, Katerina, Banaei-Kashani, Farnoush, Curtis, Jeffrey L., Pernicano, Perry G., Hanania, Nicola, Atik, Mustafa, Boriek, Aladin, Guntupalli, Kalpatha, Guy, Elizabeth, Parulekar, Amit, Hersh, Craig, Washko, George, Barr, R. Graham, Austin, John, D’Souza, Belinda, Thomashow, Byron, MacIntyre, Neil, Jr., McAdams, H. Page, Washington, Lacey, McEvoy, Charlene, Tashjian, Joseph, Wise, Robert, Brown, Robert, Hansel, Nadia N., Horton, Karen, Lambert, Allison, Putcha, Nirupama, Casaburi, Richard, Adami, Alessandra, Budoff, Matthew, Fischer, Hans, Porszasz, Janos, Rossiter, Harry, Stringer, William, Sharafkhaneh, Amir, Lan, Charlie, Wendt, Christine, Bell, Brian, Kunisaki, Ken M., Flenaugh, Eric L., Gebrekristos, Hirut, Ponce, Mario, Terpenning, Silanath, Westney, Gloria, Bowler, Russell, Rosiello, Richard, Pace, David, Criner, Gerard, Ciccolella, David, Cordova, Francis, Dass, Chandra, D’Alonzo, Gilbert, Desai, Parag, Jacobs, Michael, Kelsen, Steven, Kim, Victor, Mamary, A. James, Marchetti, Nathaniel, Satti, Aditi, Shenoy, Kartik, Steiner, Robert M., Swift, Alex, Swift, Irene, Vega-Sanchez, Maria Elena, Dransfield, Mark, Bailey, William, Iyer, Anand, Nath, Hrudaya, Wells, J. Michael, Conrad, Douglas, Yen, Andrew, Comellas, Alejandro P., Hoth, Karin F., Newell, John, Jr., Thompson, Brad, Kazerooni, Ella, Labaki, Wassim, Galban, Craig, Vummidi, Dharshan, Billings, Joanne, Begnaud, Abbie, Allen, Tadashi, Sciurba, Frank, Chandra, Divay, Weissfeld, Joel, Anzueto, Antonio, Adams, Sandra, Maselli-Caceres, Diego, Ruiz, Mario E., Singh, Harjinder, Adviento, Brigid A., Iyer, Anand S., Kinney, Gregory L., Hanania, Nicola A., Lowe, Katherine E., Holm, Kristen E., Yohannes, Abebaw M., Shinozaki, Gen, and Fiedorowicz, Jess G.

Published
2023
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26. Novel Approach to Exploring Protease Activity and Targets in HIV-associated Obstructive Lung Disease using Combined Proteomic-Peptidomic Analysis

Author

Samorodnitsky, Sarah, primary, Kruk, Monica, additional, Lock, Eric F., additional, Kunisaki, Ken M., additional, Morris, Alison, additional, Leung, Janice M., additional, Weise, Danielle, additional, Mehta, Subina, additional, Parker, Laurie L., additional, Jagtap, Pratik D., additional, Griffin, Timothy J., additional, and Wendt, Chris H., additional

Published
2024
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27. β-Blocker Use and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COPD Following Acute Myocardial Infarction

Author

LaFon, David C., primary, Helgeson, Erika S., additional, Lindberg, Sarah, additional, Voelker, Helen, additional, Bhatt, Surya P., additional, Casaburi, Richard, additional, Cassady, Steven J., additional, Connett, John, additional, Criner, Gerard J., additional, Hatipoglu, Umur, additional, Kaminsky, David A., additional, Kunisaki, Ken M., additional, Lazarus, Stephen C., additional, McEvoy, Charlene E., additional, Reed, Robert M., additional, Sciurba, Frank C., additional, Stringer, William, additional, and Dransfield, Mark T., additional

Published
2024
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29. The relationship between the epigenetic aging biomarker “grimage” and lung function in both the airway and blood of people living with HIV: An observational cohort study

Author

Baker, J.V., Duprez, D., Carr, A., Hoy, J., Dolan, M., Telenti, A., Grady, C., Matthews, G., Rockstroh, J., Belloso, W.H., Kagan, J.M., Wright, E., Brew, B., Price, R.W., Robertson, K., Cysique, L., Kunisaki, K.M., Connett, J.E., Niewoehner, D.E., Endpoint Review Committee, Lifson, A., Davey, R.T., Jr., Gatell, J.M., Pedersen, C., Prineas, R., Worley, J., Hernández Cordero, Ana I, Yang, Chen Xi, Yang, Julia, Li, Xuan, Horvath, Steve, Shaipanich, Tawimas, MacIsaac, Julia, Lin, David, McEwen, Lisa, Kobor, Michael S., Guillemi, Silvia, Harris, Marianne, Lam, Wan, Lam, Stephen, Obeidat, Ma'en, Novak, Richard M., Hudson, Fleur, Klinker, Hartwig, Dharan, Nila, Montaner, Julio, Man, S.F. Paul, Kunisaki, Ken, Sin, Don D., and Leung, Janice M.

Published
2022
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31. Longitudinal Association Between Muscle Loss and Mortality in Ever Smokers

Author

Crapo, James D., Silverman, Edwin K., Cummings, Sara, Madden, Kelley, Make, Barry J., Nabbosa, Juliet, Port, Emily, Rashdi, Serine, Regan, Elizabeth A., Stepp, Lori, Watts, Shandi, Weaver, Michael, Beaty, Terri, Bowler, Russell P., Curtis, Jeffrey L., Han, MeiLan K., Hokanson, John E., Lynch, David A., Strand, Matthew J., Anderson, Gary, Bleecker, Eugene R., Coxson, Harvey O., Crystal, Ronald G., Hogg, James C., Province, Michael A., Rennard, Stephen I., Croxton, Thomas, Gan, Weiniu, Postow, Lisa A., Viviano, Lisa M., Costa-Davis, Corinne, Malanga, Elisha, Prieto, Delia, Tal-Singer, Ruth, Farzadegan, Homayoon, Hadji, Akila, Sathe, Leena, Baraghoshi, David, Chen, Grace, Crooks, James, Knowles, Ruthie, Pratte, Katherine, Wilson, Carla, Zelarney, Pearlanne T., Kechris, Katerina J., Leach, Sonia, Austin, Erin E., Czizik, Annika, Kinney, Gregory, Li, Yisha, Lutz, Sharon M., Ragland, Margaret F., Richmond, Nicole, Young, Kendra A., Cho, Michael, Castaldi, Peter J., Glass, Kimberly, Hersh, Craig, Kim, Wonji, Liu, Yang-Yu, Hersh, Craig P., Bidinger, Jacqueline, Cho, Michael H., Conrad, Douglas, DeMeo, Dawn L., El-Boueiz, Adel R., Foreman, Marilyn G., Ghosh, Auyon, Hahn, Georg, Hansel, Nadia N., Hayden, Lystra P., Hobbs, Brian, Kim, Woori, Lange, Christoph, McDonald, Merry- Lynn, McGeachie, Michael, Moll, Matthew, Morris, Melody, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A., Qiao, Dandi, Ruczinski, Ingo, Wan, Emily S., Dy, Jennifer G., Fain, Sean B., Ginsburg, Shoshana, Hoffman, Eric A., Humphries, Stephen, Judy, Philip F., Stefanie Mason, Alex Kluiber, Oh, Andrea, Poynton, Clare, Reinhardt, Joseph M., Ross, James, San Jose Estepar, Raul, Schroeder, Joyce D., Sitek, Arkadiusz, Steiner, Robert M., van Beek, Edwin, Ginneken, Bram van, van Rikxoort, Eva, Washko, George R., Jensen, Robert, John E. Hokanson, Co-Chair, Bhatt, Surya P., Casaburi, Richard, Kim, Victor, Putcha, Nirupama, Han, MeiLan, Bon, Jessica, Diaz, Alejandro A., Regan, Elizabeth, Anzueto, Antonio, Bailey, William C., Criner, Gerard J., Dransfield, Mark T., Kinney, Greg, Sprenger, Kim, Benos, Takis, Hanania, Nicola A., Hoth, Karin F., Lambert, Allison, Lowe, Katherine, Oates, Gabriela, Parekh, Trisha, Westney, Gloria, Young, Kendra, Balasubramanian, Aparna, Boriek, Aladin, Fawzy, Ashraf, Jacobson, Francine, LaFon, David C., MacIntyre, Neil, Maselli-Caceres, Diego, McCormack, Meredith C., McDonald, Merry-Lynn, Sciurba, Frank, Soler, Xavier, Tejwani, Vickram, van Beek, Edwin JR., Wade, Raymond C., Wells, Mike, Wendt, Chris H., Yun, Jeong H., Zhang, Jingzhou, Gillenwater, Lucas, Lowe, Katherine E., Pratte, Katherine A., Ragland, Margaret, Attaway, Amy, Mason, Stefanie, Rossiter, Harry B., Saha, Punam Kumar, Wilson, Ava, Amaza, Hannatu, Baldomero, Adrienne, Mamary, A. James, O’Brien, James, Wise, Robert A., Eakin, Michelle, Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Henkle, Ben, Holm, Kristen, Iyer, Anand, Kunisaki, Ken M., McEvoy, Charlene, Mkorombindo, Takudzwa, Shinozaki, Gen, Yohannes, Abebaw, Hobbs, Brian D., Miller, Bruce E., Retson, Tara, McCloskey, Lisa, Pernicano, Perry G., Atik, Mustafa, Bertrand, Laura, Monaco, Thomas, Narendra, Dharani, Lenge de Rosen, Veronica V., Badu-Danso, Kwame, Jacobson, Francine L., Kaufman, Laura, Maguire, Cherie, Struble, Sophie, Wilson, Seth, Barr, R. Graham, Almonte, Casandra, Austin, John H.M., Gomez Blum, Maria Lorena, D’Souza, Belinda M., Florez, Emilay, Martinez, Rodney, MacIntyre, Neil, Jr., Curry, Wendy, McAdams, H. Page, Reikofski, Charlotte V., Washington, Lacey, Brown, Robert, Clare, Cheryl, Daniel, Marie, Horton, Karen, Ting “Tony” Lin, Cheng, Mirza, Tahira, Scott, Meagan, Shade, Becky, Budoff, Matt, Calmelat, Robert, Cavanaugh, Deborah, Dailing, Chris, Diaz, Leticia, Fischer, Hans, Indelicato, Renee Love, Porszasz, Janos, Soriano, April, Stringer, William, Urrutia, Miriam, Baldomero, Arianne, Bell, Brian, Deconcini, Miranda, Loes, Linda, Phelan, Jonathan, Robichaux, Camille, Sasse, Cheryl, Tashjian, Joseph H., Flenaugh, Eric L., Abson, Kema, Gebrekristos, Hirut, Johnson, Priscilla, Jordan, Jessica, Ponce, Mario, Terpenning, Silanath, Wilson, Derrick, Broadhurst, Grace, Dyer, Debra, Engel, Elena, Finigan, Jay, Hill, Andrew, Jones, Alex, Jones, Ryan, Owen, Jordan, Rosiello, Richard, Andries, Nicole, Charpentier, Mary, Kirk, Diane, Pace, David, Ciccolella, David, Cordova, Francis, Dass, Chandra, D’Alonzo, Gilbert, Davis, Valena, Desai, Parag, Fehrle, Dee, Grabianowski, Carla, Jacobs, Michael, Jameson, Laurie, Jones, Gayle M., Kelsen, Steven, Marchetti, Nathaniel, McGonagle, Francine, Satti, Aditi, Shenoy, Kartik, Sheridan, Regina, Vega-Sanchez, Maria, Wallace, Samantha, Akinseye-kolapo, Samuel, Baker, Matthew, Goggins, Arnissa, McClain, Anny, Nath, Hrudaya, Singh, Satinder P., Sonavane, Sushil K., Westfall, Elizabeth, Gil, Marissa, El Hajjaoui, Tarek, Hsiao, Albert, Martineau, Amber, Mielke, Jenna, Perez, Karl, Querido, Gabriel, Reston, Tara, Yen, Andrew, Comellas, Alejandro, Fortis, Spyridon, Galizia, Mauricio, Garcia, Eric, Keating, Janet, Laroia, Archana, Lee, Changhyun, Meyer, Amber, Mullan, Brian, Nagpal, Prashant, Ofori, Oloigbe, Suiter, Sierra, Mason, Stefanie E., Moreta-Martinez, Rafael, Labaki, Wassim W., San Jose Estepar, Ruben, Make, Barry, and Stringer, Kathleen

Published
2022
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35. Influence of Impaired Diffusing Capacity and Sleep-disordered Breathing on Nocturnal Hypoxemia and Health Outcomes in Men with and without HIV

Author

Raju, Sarath, primary, Siddharthan, Trishul, additional, McCormack, Meredith C, additional, Patel, Sanjay R, additional, Kunisaki, Ken M, additional, D’Souza, Gypsamber, additional, Cho, Joshua Hyong-Jin, additional, Stosor, Valentina, additional, Morris, Alison, additional, Margolick, Joseph B., additional, Brown, Todd T., additional, and Punjabi, Naresh M., additional

Published
2024
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37. Obstructive Lung Diseases in HIV: A Clinical Review and Identification of Key Future Research Needs

Author

Drummond, M Bradley, Kunisaki, Ken M, and Huang, Laurence

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Behavioral and Social Science, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Lung, Infectious Diseases, HIV/AIDS, Clinical Research, Asthma, Aetiology, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Infection, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, Anti-HIV Agents, HIV Infections, Humans, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Risk Factors, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Substance-Related Disorders, HIV infection, obstructive lung disease, COPD, asthma, comorbidities, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Respiratory System, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract

HIV infection has shifted from what was once a disease directly impacting short-term mortality to what is now a chronic illness controllable in the era of effective combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this setting, life expectancy for HIV-infected individual is nearly comparable to that of individuals without HIV. Subsequent to this increase in life expectancy, there has been recognition of increased multimorbidity among HIV-infected persons, with prevalence of comorbid chronic illnesses now approaching 65%. Obstructive lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, are prevalent conditions associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States. There is overlap in risk factors for HIV acquisition and chronic lung diseases, including lower socioeconomic status and the use of tobacco and illicit drugs. Objectives of this review are to (1) summarize the current state of knowledge regarding COPD and asthma among HIV-infected persons, (2) highlight implications for clinicians caring for patients with these combined comorbidities, and (3) identify key research initiatives to reduce the burden of obstructive lung diseases among HIV-infected persons.

Published
2016

39. Anti-influenza hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin for adults with influenza A or B infection (FLU-IVIG): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Author

Davey, Richard T, Fernández-Cruz, Eduardo, Markowitz, Norman, Pett, Sarah, Babiker, Abdel G, Wentworth, Deborah, Khurana, Surender, Engen, Nicole, Gordin, Fred, Jain, Mamta K, Kan, Virginia, Polizzotto, Mark N, Riska, Paul, Ruxrungtham, Kiat, Temesgen, Zelalem, Lundgren, Jens, Beigel, John H, Lane, H Clifford, Neaton, James D, Butts, Jessica, Denning, Eileen, DuChene, Alain, Krum, Eric, Harrison, Merrie, Meger, Sue, Peterson, Ross, Quan, Kien, Shaughnessy, Megan, Thompson, Greg, Vock, David, Metcalf, Julia, Dewar, Robin, Rehman, Tauseef, Natarajan, Ven, McConnell, Rose, Flowers, Emily, Smith, Kenny, Hoover, Marie, Coyle, Elizabeth M, Munroe, David, Aagaard, Bitten, Pearson, Mary, Cursley, Adam, Webb, Helen, Hudson, Fleur, Russell, Charlotte, Sy, Aminata, Purvis, Cara, Jackson, Brooke, Collaco-Moraes, Yolanda, Carey, Dianne, Robson, Rosemary, Sánchez, Adriana, Finley, Elizabeth, Conwell, Donna, Losso, Marcelo H, Gambardella, Luciana, Abela, Cecilia, Lopez, Paco, Alonso, Helena, Touloumi, Giota, Gioukari, Vicky, Anagnostou, Olga, Avihingsanon, Anchalee, Pussadee, Kanitta, Ubolyam, Sasiwimol, Omotosho, Bola, Solórzano, Clemencia, Petersen, Tianna, Vysyaraju, Kranthi, Rizza, Stacey A, Whitaker, Jennifer A, Nahra, Raquel, Baxter, John, Coburn, Patricia, Gardner, Edward M, Scott, James A, Faber, Leslie, Pastor, Erica, Makohon, Linda, MacArthur, Rodger A, Hillman, L Monique, Farrough, Marti J, Polenakovik, Hari M, Clark, Linda A, Colon, Roberto J, Kunisaki, Ken M, DeConcini, Miranda, Johnson, Susan A, Wolfe, Cameron R, Mkumba, Laura, Carbonneau, June Y, Morris, Alison, Fitzpatrick, Meghan E, Kessinger, Cathy J, Salata, Robert A, Arters, Karen A, Tasi, Catherine M, Panos, Ralph J, Lach, Laura A, Glesby, Marshall J, Ham, Kirsis A, Hughes, Valery G, Schooley, Robert T, Crouch, Daniel, Muttera, Leticia, Novak, Richard M, Bleasdale, Susan C, Zuckerman, Ariel E, Manosuthi, Weerawat, Thaonyen, Supeda, Chiewcharn, Thaniya, Suwanpimolkul, Gompol, Gatechumpol, Sivaporn, Bunpasang, Sirikunya, Angus, Brian J, Anderson, Monique, Morgan, Marcus, Minton, Jane, Gkamaletsou, Maria N, Hambleton, Joe, Price, David A, Llewelyn, Martin J, Sweetman, Jonathan, Carbone, Javier, Arribas, Jose R, Montejano, Rocio, Lobo Beristain, Jose L, Martinez, Iñaki Z, Barberan, Jose, Hernandez, Paola, Dwyer, Dominic E, Kok, Jen, Borges, Alvaro, Brandt, Christian T, Knudsen, Lene S, Sypsas, Nikolaos, Constantinou, Costas, Markogiannakis, Antonios, Zakynthinos, Spyros, Katsaounou, Paraskevi, Kalomenidis, Ioannis, Mykietiuk, Analia, Alzogaray, Maria F, Obed, Mora, Macias, Laura M, Ebensrtejin, Juan, Burgoa, Patricia, Nannini, Esteban, Lahitte, Matias, Perez-Patrigeon, Santiago, Martínez-Orozco, José Arturo, Ramírez-Hinojosa, Juan Pablo, and Davey, Richard T, Jr

Published
2019
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41. Associations between GrimAge acceleration and pulmonary function in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study

Author

Joyce, Brian T, primary, Chen, Xuefen, additional, Gao, Tao, additional, Zheng, Yinan, additional, Nannini, Drew R, additional, Liu, Lei, additional, Henkle, Benjamin E, additional, Kalhan, Ravi, additional, Washko, George, additional, Kunisaki, Ken M, additional, Thyagarajan, Bharat, additional, Vaughan, Douglas E, additional, Gross, Myron, additional, Jacobs, David R, additional, Lloyd-Jones, Donald, additional, and Hou, Lifang, additional

Published
2023
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42. Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Aging Men With and Without HIV from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study

Author

Abdo, Mona, primary, Kunisaki, Ken M., additional, Morris, Alison, additional, Stosor, Valentina, additional, Chang, Dong, additional, D'Souza, Gypsyamber, additional, Crothers, Kristina, additional, Abdel-Maksoud, Madiha, additional, DiGuiseppi, Carolyn, additional, Brown, Todd T., additional, Erlandson, Kristine M., additional, and MaWhinney, Samantha, additional

Published
2023
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43. Elevated Levels of Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-10 Are Associated With Faster Lung Function Decline in People With Well-Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Author

Thudium, Rebekka F, primary, Arentoft, Nicoline S, additional, Hoel, Hedda, additional, Afzal, Shoaib, additional, von Stemann, Jakob H, additional, Forman, Julie L, additional, Wilcke, Jon T, additional, Benfield, Thomas, additional, Trøseid, Marius, additional, Borges, Álvaro H, additional, Ostrowski, Sisse R, additional, Vestbo, Jørgen, additional, Kunisaki, Ken M, additional, Jensen, Jens-Ulrik S, additional, and Nielsen, Susanne D, additional

Published
2023
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47. Pulmonary effects of immediate versus deferred antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive individuals: a nested substudy within the multicentre, international, randomised, controlled Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) trial

Author

Kunisaki, Ken M, Niewoehner, Dennis E, Collins, Gary, Aagaard, Bitten, Atako, Nafisah B, Bakowska, Elzbieta, Clarke, Amanda, Corbelli, Giulio Maria, Ekong, Ernest, Emery, Sean, Finley, Elizabeth B, Florence, Eric, Infante, Rosa M, Kityo, Cissy M, Madero, Juan Sierra, Nixon, Daniel E, Tedaldi, Ellen, Vestbo, Jørgen, Wood, Robin, and Connett, John E

Published
2016
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49. Prevalence of abnormal spirometry in individuals with a smoking history and no known obstructive lung disease

Author

Tran, Thuonghien V., primary, Kinney, Gregory L., additional, Comellas, Alejandro, additional, Hoth, Karin F., additional, Baldomero, Arianne K., additional, Mamary, A. James, additional, Curtis, Jeffrey L., additional, Hanania, Nicola, additional, Casaburi, Richard, additional, Young, Kendra A., additional, Kim, Victor, additional, Make, Barry, additional, Wan, Emily S., additional, Diaz, Alejandro A., additional, Hokanson, John, additional, Crapo, James D., additional, Silverman, Edwin K., additional, Bhatt, Surya P., additional, Regan, Elizabeth, additional, Fortis, Spyridon, additional, Make, Barry J., additional, Regan, Elizabeth A., additional, Beaty, Terri H., additional, Castaldi, Peter J., additional, Cho, Michael H., additional, DeMeo, Dawn L., additional, El Boueiz, Adel, additional, Foreman, Marilyn G., additional, Ghosh, Auyon, additional, Hayden, Lystra P., additional, Hersh, Craig P., additional, Hetmanski, Jacqueline, additional, Hobbs, Brian D., additional, Hokanson, John E., additional, Kim, Wonji, additional, Laird, Nan, additional, Lange, Christoph, additional, Lutz, Sharon M., additional, McDonald, Merry-Lynn, additional, Prokopenko, Dmitry, additional, Moll, Matthew, additional, Morrow, Jarrett, additional, Qiao, Dandi, additional, Saferali, Aabida, additional, Sakornsakolpat, Phuwanat, additional, Yun, Jeong, additional, Centeno, Juan Pablo, additional, Charbonnier, Jean-Paul, additional, Coxson, Harvey O., additional, Galban, Craig J., additional, Han, MeiLan K., additional, Hoffman, Eric A., additional, Humphries, Stephen, additional, Jacobson, Francine L., additional, Judy, Philip F., additional, Kazerooni, Ella A., additional, Kluiber, Alex, additional, Lynch, David A., additional, Nardelli, Pietro, additional, Newell, John D., additional, Notary, Aleena, additional, Oh, Andrea, additional, Ross, James C., additional, San Jose Estepar, Raul, additional, Schroeder, Joyce, additional, Sieren, Jered, additional, Stoel, Berend C., additional, Tschirren, Juerg, additional, Van Beek, Edwin, additional, van Ginneken, Bram, additional, van Rikxoort, Eva, additional, Sanchez Ferrero, Gonzalo Vegas, additional, Veitel, Lucas, additional, Washko, George R., additional, Wilson, Carla G., additional, Jensen, Robert, additional, Everett, Douglas, additional, Crooks, Jim, additional, Pratte, Katherine, additional, Strand, Matt, additional, Austin, Erin, additional, Kinney, Gregory, additional, Bon, Jessica, additional, Murray, Susan, additional, Soler, Xavier, additional, Bowler, Russell P., additional, Kechris, Katerina, additional, BanaeiKashani, Farnoush, additional, Pernicano, Perry G., additional, Atik, Mustafa, additional, Boriek, Aladin, additional, Guntupalli, Kalpatha, additional, Guy, Elizabeth, additional, Parulekar, Amit, additional, Hersh, Craig, additional, Washko, George, additional, Barr, R. Graham, additional, Austin, John, additional, D'Souza, Belinda, additional, Thomashow, Byron, additional, MacIntyre, Neil, additional, McAdams, H. Page, additional, Washington, Lacey, additional, McEvoy, Charlene, additional, Tashjian, Joseph, additional, Wise, Robert, additional, Brown, Robert, additional, Hansel, Nadia N., additional, Horton, Karen, additional, Lambert, Allison, additional, Putcha, Nirupama, additional, Adami, Alessandra, additional, Budoff, Matthew, additional, Fischer, Hans, additional, Porszasz, Janos, additional, Rossiter, Harry, additional, Stringer, William, additional, Sharafkhaneh, Amir, additional, Lan, Charlie, additional, Wendt, Christine, additional, Bell, Brian, additional, Kunisaki, Ken M., additional, Flenaugh, Eric L., additional, Gebrekristos, Hirut, additional, Ponce, Mario, additional, Terpenning, Silanath, additional, Westney, Gloria, additional, Bowler, Russell, additional, Rosiello, Richard, additional, Pace, David, additional, Criner, Gerard, additional, Ciccolella, David, additional, Cordova, Francis, additional, Dass, Chandra, additional, D'Alonzo, Gilbert, additional, Desai, Parag, additional, Jacobs, Michael, additional, Kelsen, Steven, additional, Marchetti, Nathaniel, additional, Satti, Aditi, additional, Shenoy, Kartik, additional, Steiner, Robert M., additional, Swift, Alex, additional, Swift, Irene, additional, Vega-Sanchez, Maria Elena, additional, Dransfield, Mark, additional, Bailey, William, additional, Iyer, Anand, additional, Nath, Hrudaya, additional, Wells, J. Michael, additional, Conrad, Douglas, additional, Yen, Andrew, additional, Comellas, Alejandro P., additional, Newell, John, additional, Thompson, Brad, additional, Kazerooni, Ella, additional, Labaki, Wassim, additional, Galban, Craig, additional, Vummidi, Dharshan, additional, Billings, Joanne, additional, Begnaud, Abbie, additional, Allen, Tadashi, additional, Sciurba, Frank, additional, Chandra, Divay, additional, Weissfeld, Joel, additional, Anzueto, Antonio, additional, Adams, Sandra, additional, Maselli-Caceres, Diego, additional, Ruiz, Mario E., additional, and Singh, Harjinder, additional

Published
2023
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