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We generate 1.7-cycle and 35-µJ pulses at a 1-MHz repetition rate by using two-stage multiple plate continuum compression of Yb-laser pulses with 80-W average input power. By adjusting the plate positions with careful consideration of the thermal lensing effect due to the high average power, we compress the output pulse with a 184-fs initial duration to 5.7 fs by using only group-delay-dispersion compensation. This pulse achieves a sufficient beam quality (M 2  < 1.5) reaching a focused intensity over 10 14 W/cm 2 and a high spatial-spectral homogeneity (98%). Our study holds promise for a MHz-isolated-attosecond-pulse source for advanced attosecond spectroscopic and imaging technologies with unprecedentedly high signal-to-noise ratios.

The control of "flying" (or moving) spin qubits is an important functionality for the manipulation and exchange of quantum information between remote locations on a chip. Typically, gates based on electric or magnetic fields provide the necessary perturbation for their control either globally or at well-defined locations. Here, we demonstrate the dynamic control of moving electron spins via contactless gates that move together with the spins. The concept is realized using electron spins trapped and transported by moving potential dots defined by a surface acoustic wave (SAW). The SAW strain at the electron trapping site, which is set by the SAW amplitude, acts as a contactless, tunable gate that controls the precession frequency of the flying spins via the spin-orbit interaction. We show that the degree of precession control in moving dots exceeds previously reported results for unconstrained transport by an order of magnitude and is well accounted for by a theoretical model for the strain contribution to the spin-orbit interaction. This flying spin gate permits the realization of an acoustically driven optical polarization modulator based on electron spin transport, a key element for on-chip spin information processing with a photonic interface., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

A highly sensitive method for detecting transient reflection in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) region was developed on the basis of high-order harmonics for tracking carrier and coherent phonon dynamics. The use of lock-in detection and boxcar integration enables us to observe optical modulation (ΔR/R) as high as 1 × 10 -4 , and the data acquisition takes only four minutes. XUV transient reflections of bismuth exhibited exponential decay originating from excited carriers and periodic oscillation originating from A 1g optical phonons. The linear power dependence of the electronic and phonon amplitudes indicated that one-photon excitation occurred under the experimental conditions. The cosine of the initial phase of the phonon oscillation revealed that a displacive excitation mechanism contributed to phonon generation. The phonon parameters obtained by the XUV and NIR probes were consistent even though their penetration depths were different. The result indicated that the XUV and NIR pulses probe the same excited region, which should be near the surface due to the short penetration depth of the NIR pump pulses. The present highly sensitive means of detecting XUV transient reflections in solid-state materials could be utilized for detecting attosecond dynamics in the future.

We investigated the effect of an in-plane electric field on drifting spins in a GaAs quantum well. Kerr rotation images of the drifting spins revealed that the spin precession wavelength increases with increasing drift velocity regardless of the transport direction. A model developed for drifting spins with a heated electron distribution suggests that the in-plane electric field enhances the effective magnetic field component originating from the cubic Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction.

A geometric phase of electron spin is studied in arrays of InAlAs/InGaAs two-dimensional electron gas rings. By increasing the radius of the rings, the time-reversal symmetric Aharonov-Casher oscillations of the electrical resistance are shifted towards weaker spin-orbit interaction regions with their shortened period. We conclude that the shift is due to a modulation of the spin geometric phase, the maximum modulation of which is approximately 1.5 rad. We further show that the Aharonov-Casher oscillations in various radius arrays collapse onto a universal curve if the radius and the strength of Rashba spin-orbit interaction are taken into account. The result is interpreted as the observation of the effective spin-dependent flux through a ring.

We investigated the spin lifetime in gate-fitted InGaAs narrow wires from magnetotransport measurement. Applying positive gate bias voltage, the spin lifetimes in narrow wires became more than one order longer than those obtained from a Hall bar sample with two-dimensional electron gas. This enhancement of spin lifetime in gated wires is the first experimental evidence of dimensional confinement and resonant spin-orbit interaction effect controlled by gate bias voltage. Spin relaxation due to the cubic Dresselhaus term is negligible in the present InGaAs wires.

We propose a method to determine the relative strength of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction from transport measurements without the need of fitting parameters. To this end, we make use of the conductance anisotropy in narrow quantum wires with respect to the directions of an in-plane magnetic field, the quantum wire, and the crystal orientation. We support our proposal by numerical calculations of the conductance of quantum wires based on the Landauer formalism which show the applicability of the method to a wide range of parameters.

Objective: Body fat percentage is commonly used for assessing body composition. We investigated the body fat percentage in Japanese subjects measured by air displacement plethysmograph (ADP) termed BOD POD., Methods: Cross-sectional clinical investigation study., Patients and Measurements: We used data of 11,833 Japanese subjects aged 20-79 years [body mass index (BMI): 23.2+/-3.7 kg/m2]. Body fat percentage was evaluated by BOD POD. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference were also measured., Results: Mean values of body fat percentage measured by BOD POD were 24.5+/-6.6% in men and 31.1+/-7.1% in women, mean values were also calculated as classified into aged groups in normal weight subjects. Body fat percentage was significantly correlated with BMI and 25.1% of men and 34.6% of women corresponded to 25 kg/m2 in BMI., Conclusion: Mean value of body fat percentage in normal weight Japanese subjects was revealed. In addition, the level of 25% in men and 35% in women corresponded to 25 kg/m2 of BMI.