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By using the characteristics of two disparate materials (BaTiO $ _3 $ 3 ceramic and PZT-5H ceramic) on SiO $ _2 $ 2 glass, we have analyzed shear horizontal wave (SH wave) propagation through a piezo-visco-elastic composite medium (PVECM). For the better platform of the originality of the situation, the piezo-visco-elastic medium (PVEM) is taken between two elastic materials. The exact solution of the governing equations is obtained and discussed in detail with the variation of various significant parameters. Irregular and irregular free, both boundary conditions are assumed to find relevant results. The influence of viscosity, piezo-electric parameter and dielectric parameter for irregular and irregular free boundaries on SH-wave propagation through BaTiO $ _3 $ 3 ceramic and PZT-5H ceramic materials are shown by some curves. This model contains a huge potential to deal with many commercial and industrial applications. The present investigation has uncovered various crucial results which include for both materials, attenuation coefficient for irregular interface are lower than that of the regular interface. For PZT-5H ceramic material, viscosity, dielectric parameter and piezo-electric parameter have a greater impact on phase velocity and attenuation coefficient in comparison to BaTiO $ _3 $ 3 ceramic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Love-type wave propagation in a functionally graded material bonded by a layer of functionally graded fiber-reinforced material and an elastic half-space is investigated in this paper. The mechanical imperfections at the common interface between the layers and half-space have been considered. Solutions to mechanical displacements are obtained by solving the coupled field equations of the layers and elastic half-space with the help of the separation of variables technique. Appropriate boundary conditions have been applied to establish the dispersion equations for Love-type wave propagation in imperfect and perfect interfaces. Dispersion curves have been plotted to illustrate the significant effects of parameters such as gradient coefficients, reinforcement, interfacial imperfection, and thickness ratio on the phase velocity of Love-type wave propagation. This paper presents graphical demonstrations of the effects of each parameter under imperfect and perfect cases, and provides a detailed theoretical discussion of these parameters. This study can provide theoretical guidance for designing and optimizing functionally graded materials-based devices. Practical Applications: This study examines functionally graded materials in engineering, exploring their classification, mathematical formulations, application in solving specific problems, analytical methodologies, and obstacles impeding their widespread use. This study is innovative and relevant to aerospace, civil engineering, and construction applications. In aerospace engineering, these materials can be used for structural components like panels, wings, and fuselage parts due to their lightweight nature and high strength-to-weight ratio. It can be used for reinforced concrete structures in civil engineering and building construction, offering enhanced strength and durability. Therefore, examining the propagation of Love-type waves in these structures is crucial. Finally, we illustrate the effects of various parameters where grading the facings of a composite structure results in an impressive improvement in its stability and dispersive characteristics. Therefore, the results could lead to significant advances in analysis and exploration in aerospace, building construction, civil engineering, geophysics, and geomechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is intended to frame-out the analytical approach to study the transference of Love-type waves in a viscoelastic sandy layer sandwiched between a size-dependent consistent couple stress to take care of earth's interior microstructural nature and an orthotropic viscoelastic half-space. An additional parameter termed as characteristic length which is used to investigate the internal microstructural structure of the earth's interior, which provides us the deeper insights of the analysis of wave propagation aspects. With the help of analytical variable separable technique, the closed version of dispersion equation for the Love-type waves has been derived. The impacts of different material parameters like characteristic length (l), sandy parameter (η 2 ′) , viscoelastic parameters (F 1, F 2, F 3), thickness ratio (H 3), and imperfectness parameter (σ 1, σ 2) which are involved in this study are encapsulated by means of graphs on the phase velocity of Love-type waves. Finally, the obtained result is well match up with the classical Love wave equation. This approach of employing micro continuum theories to analyze seismic waves can bring some useful adjustments to previously established facts about seismic waves, as well as improve the applications of micro continuum theories in the field of seismology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the characteristics of Love wave in a piezoelectric layer imperfectly bonded over a heterogeneous fluid-saturated cracked dual porous half-space. The governing equations of the piezoelectric layer are solved analytically to determine mechanical displacement and electrical potential. Dispersion equations have been established using suitable boundary conditions for electrically open and electrically short conditions. In a particular case, the dispersion equation is reduced to the classical Love wave equation, which validates the present mathematical model. The effect of different parameters (like imperfection, dielectric constant, piezoelectric, and inhomogeneity) on phase velocity has been discussed theoretically and graphically, along with a comparative study by considering two piezoelectric materials, namely, PZT-4 and BaTiO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study deals with Love wave propagation in a heterogeneous fluid-saturated cracked double porous structure. The heterogeneity of the structure is assumed to be quadratic, linear, and exponential function distribution. An analytical Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) asymptotic approach and separation of variables have been adopted to compute the displacement components of the layer and half-space. Graphs have been plotted to reveal the effect of heterogeneity, attenuation, and fracture pores on the phase and damped velocity of the Love wave. It observed that phase and damped velocity diminish on the higher regime of wave number when keeping the rest parametric values fixed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of interfacial imperfection on shear horizontal wave propagation in a microstructural coupled stress half-space beneath a porous piezoelectric layer adjacent to air. The validity of dispersion relations is shown by deriving special cases and comparing them with the classical dispersion relation of Love wave. Furthermore, a comparative analysis has been conducted to analyze the effect of various parameters on the phase velocity of shear wave by considering perfect and imperfect interfaces under electrically open and short conditions. The findings provide a theoretical framework for developing and designing underwater acoustic devices for sensing and nondestructive testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is carried out to investigate the mechanical and electrical characteristics of Love waves in a visco-piezo-composite medium bounded between an orthotropic upper stratum and an elastic substrate of conducting type medium. The mechanically imperfect boundary conditions have been considered for both the interfaces of the sandwiched stratum. By solving coupled electromechanical field equations analytically, the electric potential, and mechanical displacement are obtained for the respective medium. After that, by using the relevant boundary conditions, the expression of dispersion has been established. The effect of various parameters such as viscosity, piezo-electric, dielectric, imperfection parameter, thickness ratio parameters on phase velocity, and attenuation coefficient of Love waves have been discussed. For the validation of our solution, the classical Love wave equation is obtained in the limiting sense (i.e. in the absence of piezoelectricity, upper surface, viscosity, imperfection parameters). To date, nobody has considered a Voigt-type viscous effect in composite piezo-structure to study Love wave propagation, even in the latest research works. Results indicate that the piezo-electric parameter possesses a great positive impact on phase velocity and attenuation coefficient. The attenuation co-efficient converges to some constant magnitude for different values of the thickness ratio parameter. The present investigation may find various applications in many problems of automatic remote control, space exploration, and piezoelectric ceramic devices. Moreover, it can be used in the investigation of the deformation and mechanical behavior of the sedimentary rock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is carried out to investigate the traversing of a Love-type wave in a prestressed anisotropic magnetoelastic stratum (PAMES) bounded between a prestressed anisotropic porous upper substrate (PAPUS) and prestressed anisotropic porous lower substrate (PAPLS). The exact solution of the governing equations is acquired and explained in detail for various effective parameters. Irregular boundary conditions have been employed for both the interfaces of the sandwiched layer. The variable separable technique has been used to determine the exact solution of the governing equations. The impacts of diverse parameters such as prestress, anisotropic porosity, anisotropic magnetoelasticity, irregularity parameters on phase, and damped velocity of Love-type wave have been discussed. This model contains huge potential to deal with many commercial and industrial applications in acoustical engineering, geotechnical engineering, ultrasonics, earthquake engineering, and geophysics. Results indicate that the anisotropic magnetoelastic parameter possesses a positive impact on phase and damped velocity. The damped velocity converges to some constant magnitude for distinct values of the porosity parameter. This is a theoretical work on the seismic wave propagation of surface waves. In this work, the seismic tremor, the soil components, and the transducers are made with the help of both theoretical and numerical calculations. This research could have also been used in acoustic design, earthquake engineering, geophysics, and ultrasonics. Seismic waves are also applicable for forecasting. This can be improved by putting a porous material on the structure's free surface. The goal of looking at different physical situations is to find ways that the results of this study can be used in science, technology, or the field of geotechnics. Geotechnical engineering is an integral part of civil engineering that looks at how earth materials work in engineering. Geotechnical engineers use soil properties, such as porosity, void ratio, permeability, and so forth, to analyze site conditions and plan earthworks, retaining structures, and foundations. The surface wave survey method is under continuous evolution. On a small scale, it can be used to describe a medium without touching it. On a large scale, it can be used to do a geotechnical survey after an earthquake. Even though the sizes of these applications are very different, they all use the way surface waves move along the edge of a layered medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]