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Low cost and efficient one-step facile hydrothermal synthesis was used to synthesis CoS@WS2 composite on the surface of nickel foam and evaluated as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge–discharge tests, and cyclic voltammetry were used to evaluate the electrochemical characteristics of the CoS@WS2 electrode. A high-specific capacitance of 2442.32 F g−1 at a current density of 4.28 A g−1 was noted for CoS@WS2. The fabricated CoS@WS2 electrode material displayed acceptable rate capability (97.1% capacitance retention at a current density of 4.28 A g−1) and good cycling stability over 3000 charge–discharge cycles. The advanced electrochemical characteristics of CoS@WS2 were contributed to the synergistic effect and high surface area. The greater electrochemical performance of nanoparticles-like CoS@WS2 composite attracts their capacity to meet the requirements of applied electrochemical energy-loading applications. Over all, these results demonstrate that the synthesis of layered CoS@WS2 could be a promising for applied electrochemical energy-loading applications.

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children between 5 and 15 years of age. The clinical and laboratory findings are usually non-specific and extrapulmonary manifestations can be devastating. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the occurrence, clinical features, and laboratory profile of MP infection in children presenting with LRTI to a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective study done in the inpatient department of pediatrics of a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India from November 2014 to April 2016. Children aged 1 month–18 years, admitted with LRTI were included in the study. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect history. MP infection was confirmed using mycoplasma immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical and laboratory findings were compared between mycoplasma positive and negative groups. Results: Among a total of 268 children with LRTI, MP infection was diagnosed in 41 children (15.3%). The peak occurrence was in 9–12 years (30%) followed by 6–9 years (25.4%) and 3–6 years (21.7%) age group. MP infection was more common among malnourished (29.4%) than well-nourished children (13.1%). None of the clinical and laboratory parameters were specific for the infection. Extrapulmonary manifestations were not seen in our study. Conclusion: MP infection can occur even in children in 3–6 years age group. The clinical and laboratory findings in MP infection are non-specific necessitating empirical treatment with macrolide antibiotics in children more than 3 years of age. It is more common among malnourished children and extrapulmonary manifestations are rare in our population.

Nanocomposite electrodes receive much attention because of their excellent energy storage nature. Electrodes for supercapacitors have come a major source of interest. In this pursuit, the current work elucidates binder-free coral reefs resembling ZnO/CoS2 nanoarchitectures synthesized on the surface of Ni foams employing the cost-effective hydrothermal route. The Zno/CoS2 nanocomposite demonstrated excellent battery-type behavior, which can be employed for supercapcitor application. Various analyses were carried out in the current study, such as X-ray diffraction and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, which allowed defining the crystalline nature and morphology of surface with ZnO/CoS2 nanoarchitectures. Electrochemical measures such as cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge discharge, and potentiostatic impedance spectroscopy confirmed the battery-type behavior of the material. The synthesized precursors of binder-free ZnO/CoS2 nanostructures depicted an excellent specific capacity of 400.25 C·g−1 at 1 A·g−1, with a predominant cycling capacity of 88. 2% and retention holding of 68% at 10 A·g−1 and 2 A·g−1, even after 4000 cycles, representing an improvement compared to the pristine ZnO and CoS2 electroactive materials. Therefore, the electrochemical and morphological analyses suggest the excellent behavior of the ZnO/CoS2 nanoarchitectures, making them promising for supercapacitors.

Over the past few decades, the application of new novel materials in energy storage system has seen excellent development. We report a novel MnCo2O4/NiO nanostructure prepared by a simplistic chemical bath deposition method and employed it as a binder free electrode in the supercapacitor. The synergistic attraction from a high density of active sites, better transportation of ion diffusion and super-most electrical transportation, which deliver boost electrochemical activities. X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been used to investigate the crystallinity, morphology, and elemental composition of the as-synthesized precursors, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electron impedance spectroscopy have been employed to investigate the electrochemical properties. The unique nanoparticle structures delivered additional well-organized pathways for the swift mobility of electrons and ions. The as-prepared binder-free MnCo2O4/NiO nanocomposite electrode has a high specific capacity of 453.3 C g−1 at 1 Ag−1, and an excellent cycling reliability of 91.89 percent even after 4000 cycles, which are significantly higher than bare MnCo2O4 and NiO electrodes. Finally, these results disclose that the as-fabricated MnCo2O4/NiO electrode could be a favored-like electrode material holds substantial potential and supreme option for efficient supercapacitor and their energy storage-related applications.

In the context of constant growth in the utilization of the Li-ion batteries, there was a great surge in the quest for electrode materials and predominant usage that lead to the retiring of Li-ion batteries. This review focuses on the recent advances in the anode and cathode materials for the next-generation Li-ion batteries. To achieve higher power and energy demands of Li-ion batteries in future energy storage applications, the selection of the electrode materials plays a crucial role. The electrode materials, such as carbon-based, semiconductor/metal, metal oxides/nitrides/phosphides/sulfides, determine appreciable properties of Li-ion batteries such as greater specific surface area, a minimal distance of diffusion, and higher conductivity. Various classifications of the anode materials such as the intercalation/de- intercalation, alloy/de-alloy, and various conversion materials are illustrated lucidly. Further, the cathode materials, such as nickel-rich LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM), were discussed. NCM members such as NCM 333, NCM 523 that enabled to advance for NCM622 and NCM81are reported. The nanostructured materials bridged the gap in the realization of next-generation Li-ion batteries. Li-ion batteries’ electrode nanostructure synthesis, performance, and reaction mechanisms were considered with great concern. The serious effects of Li-ion batteries disposal need to be cut significantly to reduce the detrimental effect on the environment. Hence, the recycling of spent Li-ion batteries has gained much attention in recent years. Various recycling techniques and their effect on the electroactive materials are illustrated. The key areas covered in this review are anode and cathode materials and recent advances along with their recycling techniques. In light of crucial points covered in this review, it constitutes a suitable reference for engineers, researchers, and designers in energy storage applications.

The novelty behind the research in this paper is to investigate the Super Twisting Sliding Mode Controller (ST-SMC) for efficiently injecting both active and reactive power under normal and abnormal operating conditions for a three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The ST-SMC is aimed to inject sinusoidal current to the grid with low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), to avoid chattering with easy real implementation, and to enhance the quality of disturbance rejection and sensitivity to parameter variation. The test under normal conditions includes initialization, steady state behavior, dynamic behavior, and interrupting the injection of acting and reactive power while the abnormal conditions consists of voltage sag, voltage swell, frequency variation, DC-link variation, and inclusion of 5th harmonics, etc. The phase lock loop used for synchronization is based on a synchronous reference frame that works well under distorted grids and nonideal. Automatic code is generated in PSIM 9.1 for hardware implementation in the DSP board TMS32F28335 from Texas Instruments while code composer studio 6.2.0 is used for debugging. The real time testing is executed using Typhoon Hardware in Loop (HIL) 402 device on the DSP board. The results authenticate the fastness, effectiveness, and robustness for both steady state and dynamic behavior under various scenarios of the designed controller.

Binder-free nanorice-like featured CuS@WS2 structures have been synthesized using a simple and cost-effective chemical bath deposition approach and their application as electroactive material for high-performance supercapacitors. The surface properties of morphology, structure and composition of the as-prepared electrodes are examined using the scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The nanorice-like featured CuS@WS2 electrode exhibits nanorice-like structures, which provides the abundant active sites for redox reactions and facilitates the electrolyte diffusion. The electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor electrodes was examined by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge studies. From the electrochemical tests, the CuS@WS2 electrode exhibits a higher specific capacitance (Cs) of 887.15 F g−1 at a current density of 3.75 A g−1 with greater energy density and excellent rate capability compared to bare CuS (588.0 F g−1) and WS2 (19.40 F g−1) electrodes. Overall, these results demonstrate that the as-synthesized CuS@WS2 could be a promising material for next-generation high-performance electrochemical energy storage applications.

The current study demonstrates the layered nanospheres of NiCo2S4/NiO/NF that were synthesized using the facile and economical chemical bath deposition that was employed as a potential electrode for supercapacitors. Various electrochemical analyses were made using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, potentiostatic electron impedance spectroscopy. The structure, phase, morphology, and chemical composition were examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized precursors of electroactive material behavior were illustrated by the three-electrode setup where 3 M KOH was deployed as an electrolyte. The peculiar and unique structural features of the nanoparticles enable and deliver effective pathways for swift electronic and ionic diffusion. Hence, as-synthesized binder-free NCS/NiO/NF showed a dominant specific capacity of 188.03 mA h g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, the enhanced rate capability of 80.63%, and the predominant cycling stability of 92.56% over 4000 cycles which are considered an appreciable value than the independent NCS/NF and NiO/NF electrodes. The results in this study portray the fact that the nanocomposite of NCS/NiO/NF establishes an excellent energy storage performance for next-generation supercapacitor applications.

In the current study, an efficient composite of CuS/CoS petal-like nanoarchitectures was synthesized by the two-step facile hydrothermal route as a binder-free electrode for supercapattery applications. The phase, structural and morphological analyses revealed the nanocomposites of CuS/CoS facilitate the abundant intermittent spaces and redox-active sites responsible for their enhanced energy storage behaviour than CuS and CoS. This was further confirmed by the electrochemical measurements yielding the specific capacity of 138.75 mA h g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 with an excellent capacity retention of 87.56% and cycling stability of 94.28% over 4000 cycles. The power-law elucidated in the current work demonstrated the nanohybrid CuS/CoS is the best suit for supercapattery applications.

The growing human population and the increasing energy needs have produced a serious energy crisis, which has stimulated researchers to look for alternative energy sources. The diffusion of small-scale renewable distributed generations (DG) with micro-grids can be a promising solution to meet the environmental obligations. The uncertainty and sporadic nature of renewable energy sources (RES) is the main obstacle to their use as autonomous energy sources. In order to overcome this, a storage system is required. This paper proposes an optimized strategy for a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage system (BSS) connected to a low-voltage grid. In this study, a cost function is formulated to minimize the net cost of electricity purchased from the grid. The charging and discharging of the battery are operated optimally to minimize the defined cost function. Half-hourly electricity consumer load data and solar irradiance data collected from the United Kingdom (UK) for a whole year are utilized in the proposed methodology. Five cases are discussed for a comparative cost analysis of the electricity imported and exported. The proposed scheme provides a techno-economic analysis of the combination of a BSS with a low-voltage grid, benefitting from the feed-in tariff (FIT) scheme.

Nanoarchitectures featuring ZnWO4/ZnCo2O4 were successfully prepared via a facile hydrothermal technique, and the electrochemical performance of the resulting electrode was characterized. Electrochemical analyses revealed that the specific capacitance was 180.121 mA h g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, with an excellent capacity retention of 73.94% and cycling stability of 97.83% over 4000 cycles. This excellent performance of ZnWO4/ZnCo2O4 demonstrated that the as-synthesized composite on the Ni foam effectively supported pathways allowing rapid diffusion of electrons/ions. Hence the ZnWO4/ZnCo2O4 electrode material is a promising candidate for next-generation high-performance supercapacitors.

Layered nanospheres of tungsten disulfide (WS2) were synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal technique at various periods (3, 6, and 9 h) for high-performance supercapacitors (SCs), and their corresponding crystallographic phases and the structural and morphological characteristics were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The WS2-6h electrode possessed dense clouds of spherical nanoparticles evenly distributed on the Ni foam surface, creating clear pathways that enhanced the mobility of electrons/ions. Electrochemical studies were conducted in a 3 M KOH electrolyte with a three-electrode system, and the energy storage behavior was illustrated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), and electron impedance spectroscopy. The CV and GCD results confirmed that the fabricated WS2-6h electrode exhibited battery-type behavior. Electrochemical studies revealed that the WS2-6h electroactive material exhibited an enhanced specific capacity of 102.909 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1, a rate capability of 87.68%, and excellent cycling stability of 98.26% after 4000 cycles. The remarkable electrochemical features, structure, and morphology indicate that the as-synthesized WS2-6h electrode is a promising electrode for high-performance SCs.

In this study, a jasmine petal-like nanoflower WS2/ZnCo2O4 material was synthesized using a hydrothermal technique for use as a sophisticated electrode in supercapacitors. The WS2/ZnCo2O4 composite demonstrated improved properties compared to those of WS2 and ZnCo2O4 electrodes. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the WS2/ZnCo2O4 electrode showed a specific capacity of 154.74 mA h g−1 with an excellent rate capability of 80.08% and stability of 96.34% over 4000 cycles. Furthermore, the structural and morphological analyses of the WS2/ZnCo2O4 composite electrode demonstrated its excellent energy storage performance.

Supercapacitors (SCs) possess paramount importance and are a promising solution among the class of energy storage devices since they have appreciable features like higher specific power, longer life span, and eco-friendly nature. They replace the difference of energy/power between the high-power traditional capacitors and high energy fuel cells/ batteries. In the current review, comprehensive research on the recent literature of SCs investigates and elucidates with great consideration. The global market analysis, manufacturing firms, challenges, and recent advances present the fundamental, as well as application perspective of SCs. An elaborate analysis of the classifications of SCs, fabrication of different electrode materials from the very beginning of their evolution gives the lucid idea. The evaluation of SC nanocomposites with different parameters such as specific capacitance, energy density, power density, cycling performance, and capacity retention depicts the performance. Detail description of the selection of electrolytes and various synthesis methods of the SCs explains comprehensively. In the end, future scope and challenges mention briefly and consider for the next-generation SC's design and applications. This review provides a reference point on the SCs for researchers and designers working in the field of energy storage devices and applications.

Binder-free hierarchical flower-like NiMoO4 CoMoO4 nanosheet arrays (NSAs) have been successfully grown on nickel (Ni) foam surface via a facile one-step chemical bath deposition method followed by calcination treatment. The as-prepared NiMoO4 CoMoO4 NSAs electrode material has been effectively used as a battery-type material for supercapacitor applications. Surface morphological and structural studies reveal that the as-fabricated NiMoO4 CoMoO4 electrode exhibits a flower-like heterostructures constructed with interconnected nanosheet arrays. In a three-electrode system, the potential plateaus from the cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements indicate that the obtained NiMoO4 CoMoO4 NSAs electrode exhibits Faradic battery-type redox behaviour, which is different form the profiles of carbon-based materials. As a battery-type material, NiMoO4 CoMoO4 NSAs electrode delivers a remarkable specific capacity of (~236.86 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1), excellent rate capability (~92.44% retains even at 10 A g−1), and superior cycling stability (~97.19% at 6 A g−1 over 5000 cycles), which are much higher than those of the bare NiMoO4 and CoMoO4 electrodes. The superior electrochemical properties of the NiMoO4 CoMoO4 composite material are due to the synergetic effect from CoMoO4 and NiMoO4 and to the fact that the hierarchical nanosheet arrays provide abundant electroactive sites for rapid redox reactions. Additionally, hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) has been assembled using NiMoO4 CoMoO4 NSAs/Ni foam as the positive electrode and graphene-ink/Ni foam as the negative electrode. It is found to exhibit a good cycling stability and a high specific energy of 27.58 Wh kg−1 at a specific power of 636.05 W kg−1. Thereby, these electrochemical performances suggest that the as-fabricated NiMoO4 CoMoO4 NSAs are promising candidates for electrodes in high-performance supercapacitors.

With the advent of new technologies and an alarming increase in the world&rsquo, s population, there has been a rapid increase in energy consumption. Consequently, this has resulted in a surge in developing sources that generate electricity and concurrently escalating global warming levels. Owing to their contributions in vast applications, dependence on renewable energy is a reliable option. However, it is known that a complete and efficient utilization of the incoming solar radiation is not feasible, taking into account the various losses associated. Our proposal addresses concerns resulting in the efficient utilization of solar energy based on optimal cost analysis by the mathematical procedure. This methodology when used along with a battery-based photovoltaic (PV) system effectively reduces the amount of electricity imported from the grid. The implementation of this method scales down the monthly electricity consumption by 67.1%. Our findings were established considering South Korea&rsquo, s residential electricity tariff system. Our system works based on a principle where the batteries are charged with solar PV during off-peak hours and discharged during peak hours. The state of charge of the battery could be monitored using a web server. In situations, wherein the load demand cannot be sustained by the batteries, grid power can be utilized during peak hours. The sequence of these events can be implemented by a series of algorithms. Our proposed system also helps in achieving the goal-7 of the sustainable development goals (SDG) prescribed by the United Nations (UN), which is to boost the consumption of renewable energy which ultimately results in monetary savings to a large extent.

In the present study, nanoparticles filled with honeycomb-like MnCo2S4 (MCS) nanostructures are prepared successfully on the surface of nickel foam using a simple and cost-effective chemical bath deposition method and can be used as a promising electroactive material for high performance supercapacitor applications. The electrochemical behavior of the as-prepared electroactive materials was studied by the cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, electron impedance spectroscopy. The crystalline phase, structure, morphology and composition of the as-prepared electroactive materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The performance of the as-prepared electroactive materials was carried out in a 3 M KOH electrolyte in the three-electrode system. The unique nanoparticle structures enable and provides the more efficient pathways for the rapid mobility of electrons and ions. As a result, the as-prepared binder-free MCS electrode exhibits a higher specific capacity of 129.7 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1, superior rate capability of 88.51% after 4000 cycles and excellent cycling stability of 87.81% respectively, which are much higher than that of MCO electrode. These results reveal that the as synthesized MCS electrode found to be the most promising candidate for high-performance supercapacitor applications.

In order to enhance the energy density of a hybrid supercapacitor, it is urgently required to develop unique positive and negative electroactive materials. Metal molybdates nanostructures hold great promise as high-performance electrode materials for next-generation energy storage devices. Herein, iron molybdate honeycomb-like nanosheet arrays (FeMoO4 HNSAs) are successfully grown on nickel foam via a one-step chemical bath deposition approach, which can be effectively used as binder-free positive and negative electrode material. The morphological, composition and structural properties of FeMoO4 FNSAs are examined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction measurements. The honeycomb-like structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets and the large space between interconnected nanosheets can serve as an ion reservoir, which provides abundant active sites for redox reactions and promotes the rapid diffusion of electrolyte ions. The electrochemical measurements of the FeMoO4 HNSAs are investigated in positive and negative potential regions using a three-electrode setup. The cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements envisage both battery-type and pseudocapacitive behavior of FeMoO4 HNSAs electrode. As a battery-type material, the FeMoO4 HNSAs electrode exhibits superior electrochemical performances with a high specific capacity (~158.39 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1), excellent rate capability (~88.08% retains even at 8 A g−1), and outstanding cycling life (~90.76% at 6 A g−1 over 4000 cycles), respectively. Interestingly, the FeMoO4 HNSAs electrode tested in negative potential region, as a pseudocapacitive electrode material, the FeMoO4 HNSAs achieves a high specific capacitance of 477.47 F g−1 at 2 A g−1, excellent rate capability of 95.54% even at 8 A g−1, and superior cycling stability with 92.37% capacity retention after 4000 cycles at 6 A g−1. This work demonstrates that the FeMoO4 HNSAs electrode provides a promising positive and negative electrode material for the energy storage applications in the future.

The dense cloud like tiny bundles consisting of CuS nanoparticles were prepared successfully by a simple facile one-step chemical bath deposition method. The CuS electrodes at three different time periods such as 5, 10 and 20 h were prepared and their crystallographic phase, structural, morphological and the composition of the as-prepared electrodes are studied in detail. The CuS-10 h electrode possessed the dense cloud like structured nanoparticles on the surface of the Ni foam created pathways in a more efficient manner that allows the swift mobility of electrons/ions. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior and performance of the electrodes are carried out in a 3 M KOH electrolyte in the three-electrode system. The cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge results confirm that all the fabricated CuS electrodes exhibit the battery-type behavior. As a battery-type material, the binder-free CuS-10 h electrode exhibits the enhanced specific capacity of 164.053 m Ah g−1 at 1 A g−1, higher rate capability of 82.54% and good cycling stability of 97.12% after 4000 cycles, respectively, that is very high when compared to the CuS-5 h and CuS-20 h electrodes. As a result, from the detailed analysis, it is found that CuS as an excellent electrode material for high energy storage supercapacitor applications.

High-power plasma power supply is very useful for many industrial and medical applications. Plasma is generated artificially in the laboratory or industry by applying the electric or magnetic field. In this manuscript, we presented the simple 4T analog MOS control high voltage high frequency inverter circuit as a plasma power supply using modulation index technique. The presented plasma power supply operated at 25 kHz frequency and 10 kV peak to peak voltage. It generates a 0 V to 10 kV controllable electric field. The generated electric field is applied and produces plasma, which can be used for many industrial applications. A 10 kV to 5 kW plasma power supply has been practically developed based on the proposed topology and experimentally tested and, additionally, excellent output power conversion efficiency is achieved. From these results, the 4T analog MOS control high voltage high frequency (HVHF) plasma switching power supply is verified.

Rickettsial diseases are a group of infections caused by obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacilli and transmitted to man by arthropod vectors. They are prevalent in many parts in India and are characterized by microvasculitis, causing microinfarcts in various organs. 1 Complications of rickettsial infection include pneumonias, renal failures, and neurological involvement. Neurological complications, such as meningitis and meningoencephalitis, are commonly seen. 2 Other neurological manifestations are infrequent and rickettsial infection presenting as cerebrovascular stroke is extremely rare. Here, we report a child presenting with prolonged fever, maculopapular rash, and acute onset left-sided hemiplegia. Child was toxic, and had dorsal edema and pallor. His investigations revealed microcytic hypochromic anemia and aseptic meningitis. MRI brain showed infarct over right corona radiata, right basal ganglia, right frontal gyri, insular cortex, and right anterior temporal lobe. Weil–Felix test showed rising titers for OX19 suggesting typhus group of rickettsia. Child responded rapidly to doxycycline. This case highlights the possibility of rickettsial infection in cerebrovascular stroke.

Aims: The aim was to study the incidence, etiology, clinical features and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of urinary tract infections (UTI) in children at presentation of nephrotic syndrome (NS) (first or recurrent episodes before starting immunosuppressive therapy). Methods: This was a prospective hospital-based study carried out in Basaveshwara hospital, Chitradurga. Fifty children with a diagnosis of NS were studied from June 2010 to October 2014. The cases with recurrence of NS or those with the first episode of NS were evaluated before placing on immunosuppressive therapy. A clean-catch midstream urine specimen was collected from all children to avoid contamination. For younger children, where collection of urine was difficult in the manner described above, suprapubic aspiration was done. Prompt plating of the urine specimen, within 1-h of a collection, was ensured. Identification of the organism and antibiotic sensitivity patterns was determined. Results: Among the fifty children studied, boys were affected more than the girls with a ratio of 1.5:1. The mean age was 4.75 years. Pyuria was noted in 64% of the patients. The most common organism isolated was Escherichia coli in 10 cases, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae in 4 cases. About 75% of the organisms were sensitive to third-generation cephalosporins. Conclusions: UTI is a common infection accompanying NS. A high index of suspicion and early institution of appropriate antibiotics will help in attenuating morbidity and mortality. Key words: Escherichia coli, Nephrotic syndrome, Pyuria, Urinary tract infections

Scimitar syndrome is characterized by partial or total anomalous pulmonary venous return from the right lung along with hypoplasia of the lung. This syndrome has varied presentations, from an asymptomatic state to severe pulmonary hypertension and/or heart failure. Newer diagnostic modalities have improved our understanding of this rare syndrome and hence providing newer treatment options to be tried. Here, we present a case of a 4-year-old child with recurrent pneumonia with Scimitar syndrome. We are reporting this case in view of the rarity of this syndrome and its presentation as recurrent pneumonia. Key words: Anomalous pulmonary venous return, Lung hypoplasia, Recurrent pneumonia, Scimitar syndrome

Rh isoimmunization usually presents with severe neonatal jaundice associated with anemia needing exchange transfusion and phototherapy. Sometimes babies who have mild or no symptoms at birth may present later with severe hemolytic anemia. In this case report we have described a newborn infant who had mild jaundice initially and presented with severe anemia in the fourth week of life. This case signifies the importance of regular follow up and close monitoring of Rh isoimmunized infants for the first two months for delayed onset anemia.

Background: There is little information on the clinical profile and outcome of children with diabetic ketoacidosis in India. We analysed the data of children managed by us at a tertiary care hospital in order to study the clinical profile of the children admitted with DKA. Methods: This descriptive retrospective study was conducted in pediatric ICU of tertiary level care hospital at Chitradurga, Karnataka (between June 2011 and May 2014). The case records of 52 children admitted with DKA were reviewed and information with respect to the personal details, clinical features, laboratory parameters, management and outcome was recorded using a predesigned proforma. The data was analyzed using SPSS VS-21. Results: The median age at presentation was 7.52 years (range: 2-14 years) with a male:female ratio of 1.3:1. 80.7% were newly diagnosed type 1 DM. 46(88 %) of the cases belonged to lower socio economic status.41 (78%) were from rural areas. The most common presenting complaints were polyuria and polydipsia in 42 cases (80.7%). Twenty eight children (53.8%) presented with severe DKA. The most common presenting complaints were polyuria and polydipsia (80.7%). The average length of stay in the ICU was 3.5 days. The mortality rate was 11.5% (6 cases). Cerebral edema was the commonest cause for fatality. The prevalence of DKA amongst all pediatric admissions was higher than that estimated in previous studies (1 in 419 cases). Conclusions: The outcome of active management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children is rewarding. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life threatening complication of diabetes mellitus in children. Boys and girls were equally affected. Early identification and careful monitoring of fluids, electrolytes and renal function are the cornerstones of successful DKA management.

Background: The study was carried out with the aim to determine the overall rate of congenital malformations, incidence in live births and stillbirths, as well as incidence affecting various organ systems, at a medical college hospital in Karnataka and compare them to previous studies Methods: All intramural deliveries between June 2012 and March 2014 were included in the study. All the new-borns were examined for congenital malformations soon after birth and every day during routine ward rounds. Relevant radiological, histo-hematological and genetic tests were carried out. Results: During the study period there were 3016 births out of which 2941 were live births and 75 were still born. 93 babies had one or more malformations. The overall incidence of malformations was 3.083%. Incidence of malformations among live births was 2.72% whereas it was 17.33% among still born babies. Musculoskeletal malformations accounted for 27.5% of all the malformations. This was followed by cutaneous 19.16%, genitourinary 15.83%, gastrointestinal 12.5%, neurological 10% and cardiac 5.83%. Conclusion: Congenital anomalies are a major cause of stillbirths and infant mortality. Musculoskeletal malformations were the commonest system involved. Still born babies had a significantly higher incidence of malformations and also had a higher incidence of multiple malformations.