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第35回宇宙エネルギーシンポジウム (2016年3月3日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)), 相模原市, 神奈川県, 35th ISAS Space Energy Symposium (March 5, 2016. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000052014

Humanity’s first solution for meeting the challenge of sustaining food security was the “green revolution” that took place in Anatolia 10,000 BP. Natural landscapes were reshaped, and indigenous knowledge structures were developed into sustainable socioeconomic systems that existed in harmony with the environment. The agricultural landscapes created through such human practices also provided important ecosystem services, such as soil maintenance and desertification prevention. However, the 20th century witnessed another revolution, characterized by the excessive use of commodities in agriculture. This was an economic boon for low-income farmers in dry Central Anatolia, whose income tripled, or even quadrupled, through the introduction of irrigation. Although this meant success for some stakeholders, the excessive water use caused the rapid decrease of groundwater levels, which dropped from 15 to 150 m between the 1980s and 2000s. Consequently, a serious conflict between human livelihoods and sustainable groundwater management arose. Nevertheless, the drawbacks of excessive water use can be mitigated through in-depth interactions with local stakeholders and transdisciplinary learning processes, as well as by restoring the traditional land uses in the region, which were in congruence with nature.

第33回宇宙エネルギーシンポジウム (2014年2月14日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)), 相模原市, 神奈川県, 33rd ISAS Space Energy Symposium (February 14, 2014. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan, 資料番号: SA6000022012

1976～1981年までに広島大学医学部附属病院泌尿器科不妊外来を受診した794例について集計した.1)不妊外来患者は男子外来患者に対して9.9%であり, 年齢分布では25～34歳が全体の76%を占めていた.不妊期間は結婚後2～5年が多く, これらで全体の約57%を占めていた.2)精液検査では無精子症が32.4%, 乏精子症(50×106 /ml以下)が47.7%で, この両者が全体の約80%であった.3)睾丸生検ではhypospermatogenesisが45.4%, Sertoli cell onlyが28.8%で, この両者で全体の84.2%であった.4)睾丸容積の減少にともなって血中gonadotropin (LH, FSH)は上昇したが, testosteroneは変化なかった.睾丸容積が12 ml以下ではほとんどの症例が無精子症であり, 睾丸容積の減少は高度の精細管機能障害が疑われた, A statistical analysis was performed on infertile male patients who visited our urological clinic between Jan. 1976 and Dec. 1981. The incidence of infertile male was 9.9% of the total male out-patients. Age distribution of most of the patients ranged from 25 to 34 years old. Infertile period was most commonly within 5 years after they had married. In semen analysis, the cases of azoospermia and oligozoospermia (less than 50 x 10(6)/ml) accounted for 80% of all the infertile males. Testicular histology showed hypospermatogenesis or "Sertoli cell only" in most patients (more than 84.2%) who received testicular biopsy. Decrease in testicular volume was accompanied by an increase in the serum levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, but there was no relationship between testicular volume and testosterone. Most of the patients with a testicular volume of less than 12 ml were azoospermic. This suggests that there may be a suppression of spermatogenesis in small testes.

1)いわゆる特発性男子不妊症に対して, hCG, hMGの併用療法を施行し, 性ホルモン, 睾丸容積と精子数におよぼす影響について検討した.2)投与方法および投与量については対象を無作為に2群に分類, Group 1に対してはhCG 1, 000国際単位とhMG 75国際単位を週1回筋肉内投与した.Group 2に対してはhCG 1, 000国際単位とhMG 150国際単位を週1回筋肉内投与した.3)両群間には, 年齢, 加療前の睾丸容積, 血清LH, FSH, testosterone, prolactinについて有意差を認めていない.4)治療開始12週後, 精子数濃度が治療前値に比べ1, 000万/ml以上の改善が得られたものはGroup 1で26%, Group 2で24%であり, 治療期間中に妊娠成立が得られたものはGroup 1の4例(15%)であった.5)血清LH, testosterone, prolactin基礎値には治療期間中有意な変動はみられなかった.6)睾丸容積は治療前後で有意な変化は認められなかった, Changes in sex hormone levels, testicular volume and sperm count during hCG/hMG therapy were studied in 44 cases of idiopathic male infertility. These patients were divided into two groups and treated for 12 weeks. In group I, which consisted of 5 cases of azoospermia, 10 cases of severe oligozoospermia (less than 10 X 10(6)/ml) and 12 cases of mild oligozoospermia (10-50 X 10(6)/ml), 1, 000 IU of hCG and 75 IU of hMG were both administered once a week. In group II, which consisted of 3 cases of azoospermia, 7 cases of severe oligozoospermia and 7 cases of mild oligozoospermia, 1, 000 IU of hCG and 150 IU of hMG were both administered once a week. After 12 weeks, increase in sperm count was observed in 7 cases (26%) in group I and 4 cases (24%) in group II. Pregnancy was ensued in 4 cases in group I. There was no significant changes in testicular volume or sex hormone levels during hCG/hMG therapy.

Sixteen patients with lymph nodes metastases and/or locally advanced bladder carcinoma were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin (M-VAC) from November 1986 through September 1988. There were 14 men and 2 women. The median age was 61.9 years, with a range from 43 to 81 years. Complete response (CR) was observed in 6 of 16 patients (38%), partial response (PR) was confirmed in 5 of 16 patients (31%), and overall response rate was 69%. Median duration of response was 10.3 and 5.2 months in CR and PR patients, respectively. The myelosuppression with this regimen was tolerable. This study demonstrates that the M-VAC regimen is effective in the invasive bladder carcinoma with or without lymph nodes metastases. However, the duration of response is relatively short, and the true long-term benefits of this regimen remain to be determined.