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Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a major problem globally characterized by poor survival rates, particularly in residential settings. A delay in administering Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) can reduce the survival rate, which is currently at 1 in 10. The chance of survival is influenced by several factors, including patient, population, and health system, particularly the actions of bystanders due to the need for immediate administration of CPR. Although the role of bystanders is very important in increasing the survival rate of cardiac arrest, not all individuals present at the scene are willing to carry out CPR due to personal characteristics. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the potential correlation between personal characteristics and the intention (willingness) to provide basic life support. The investigation was carried out in Malang City using descriptive correlation design and data were collected with questionnaires distributed through Google Forms. The sample consisted of residents of Malang City, with inclusion criteria comprising individuals aged between 17-65 years, not health workers or health students, and the ability to fill in data using Google Forms. After collection, the data obtained were processed descriptively using the SPSS 23 version. The results showed that among 283 respondents, 80.6% were in the early adult age range, 64% were female, 57.6% had the last education level SMA/SMK, and 65.4% were students. Furthermore, the analysis showed that the intentions of the majority of respondents were in the moderate range, accounting for 64.7%. Correlation analysis showed a significant association between personal characteristics and intention, where age, gender, level of education, occupation status, and experience had correlation scores of -0.089, 0.054, 0.107, 0.104, and -0.261. In conclusion, this research showed correlation strength for all characteristics ranging from very low to low, emphasizing the need to enhance the intention to perform bystander CPR across all levels. This is due to the very low correlation between community characteristics and intention. To overcome this challenge, a strategy that has been proven effective in increasing intention is educating the public regarding cardiac arrest assistance.

The proficiency of trained individuals in effectively administering Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is paramount in mitigating the impact of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidents. Inadequate CPR skills among laypersons can result in missed opportunities to save lives. Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize unified efforts to enhance CPR competencies within the general populace. This scoping review aims to consolidate literature discussing the enhancement of laypeople's CPR skills using various methodologies. This scoping review employed the PRISMA methodology and encompassed an extensive search across four critical databases (Science Direct, Proquest, Pubmed, and Google Scholar) for literature published between 2013 and 2023. The search utilized the keywords "CPR Teaching," "Skill," and "Layperson." Out of 487 collected articles, 20 were deemed relevant. The findings of all relevant articles consistently indicated an improvement in laypeople's CPR skills following training. Incorporating concise CPR instructional videos and smartphone applications has shown potential for enhancing CPR knowledge and improving emergency responsiveness. Nonetheless, integrating these modern technological approaches with traditional simulation methods has demonstrated greater efficacy in CPR training, resulting in enhanced compression quality and depth. In conclusion, Integrating traditional and technology-based learning methodologies improves the capability of individuals without specialized medical training to administer CPR effectively.

Introduction The main alkaloid component in cigarettes is nicotine. Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, is capable of causing dependence effects through endless mechanisms modulated by the ion channel nicotinic acetylcholine receptors nAChRs. Nicotine and cotinine can also cause damage to blood vessels through a chronic inflammatory process mediated by the Ligand-Tie2 Angiopoietin Receptor system. Hypoxic conditions that occur due to vascular inflammation cause a decrease in the concentration of nitric oxide (NO). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NO levels and cotinine through the expression of nAChRs that mediate the nicotine dependence mechanism and Tie2 (Tyrosine Kinase 2) expression. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 participants grouped into two groups based on their smoking status: 100 smokers and 100 non-smokers. All participants were men aged 20–40 years with no history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia, and were not currently on medication. According to the parameters used, all blood samples were taken from peripheral blood for analysis using the ELISA kit or Colorimetric Assay Kit. Results Cigarette consumption increases blood cotinine concentrations in smokers and causes dependence by modulating nAChRs. The study indicates an emerging cycle regarding nicotine–cotinine consumption and nAChRs expression. In addition, the data in this study showed a significant relationship (p

الملخص: أهداف البحث: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد التأثير الوقائي للقلب والأوعية الدموية للتمارين الهوائية المقاسة بواسطة الخلايا البطانية المنتشرة ذات مجموعة التمايز +146وكوليسترول البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة في البالغين. طرق البحث: هذه الدراسة عبارة عن اختبار مسبق تجريبي بدون مجموعة ضابطة. تم تقسيم 45 مشاركا إلى ثلاث مجموعات بناء على كثافة التدريب الهوائي: كثافة منخفضة ومتوسطة وعالية. تم قياس عينات الدم من أجل مجموعة التمايز +146 للخلايا البطانية المنتشرة باستخدام قياس التدفق الخلوي ومستويات كوليسترول البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة. النتائج: أظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة زيادة ذات دلالة إحصائية للخلايا البطانية المنتشرة وكوليسترول البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة بعد التمرين. كان هناك فرق كبير بين مجموعة الشدة في نسبة الخلايا البطانية المنتشرة، ولكن لم يتم العثور على أي منها في مستويات كوليسترول البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة. الاستنتاجات: يمكن أن يحمي التدريب الهوائي صحة القلب والأوعية الدموية عن طريق زيادة تكيف الأوعية الدموية عن طريق زيادة الخلايا البطانية المنتشرة ذات مجموعة التمايز +146. تساهم زيادة مستوى كوليسترول البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة أيضا في حماية القلب والأوعية الدموية عن طريق تقليل مستويات الالتهاب وتثبيط أكسدة كوليسترول البروتين الدهني قليل الكثافة وزيادة القدرة على تجديد البطانة وتقليل نسبة الجلوكوز في الدم. Abstract: Objective: This study aims to determine the protective cardiovascular effect of aerobic exercise training by measuring cluster of differentiation 146 (CD146), circulating endothelial cell (CEC), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in adults. Methods: This study was an experimental pre-post-test without a control group. Forty-five participants were divided into three groups based on aerobic exercise training intensity: low, moderate, and high. Whole blood samples were measured for HDL-C levels. In addition, CEC was isolated from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) samples, then identified by CD146 marker using flow cytometry. Results: CEC percentage and HDL-C increase after aerobic exercise training. There was a significant difference in CEC percentage between the intensity groups. However, there was no difference in HDL-C levels. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training can protect cardiovascular health by stimulating CEC mobilization, identified by CD146. In addition, an HDL-C level increase also contributes to cardiovascular protection by decreasing inflammation levels, inhibiting low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol oxidation, improving endothelial regeneration capabilities, and lowering blood glucose.

Background: In tobacco, nicotine is the primary toxic agent that causes health problems. As a primary metabolite of nicotine, cotinine is frequently used as an accurate measure of exposure to tobacco smoke. This study aims to find the factors affecting the serum cotinine level of male smokers in Malang, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 183 men who smoke regularly in Malang, Indonesia. They were selected by a purposive sampling method. Nicotine dependency and cotinine level were measured using the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and the human cotinine ELISA Kit, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of age, smoking duration, cigarette type, and the nicotine dependence on the continue level. ANOVA and independent t-test were also used for testing the study hypothesis. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Based on the ANOVA results, the factors of age, smoking duration, type of cigarette, and nicotine dependence together had a significant effect on the cotinine level (P

Introduction Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) are part of hematopoietic stem cells that differentiate into endothelial cells during their blood vessels’ maturation process. The role of EPCs is widely known to contribute to repair of the vascular wall when endothelial dysfunction occurs. However, various risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) influence EPC performance, leading to endothelial dysfunction. One EPC dysfunction is decreased amount of EPC mobilization to the injured tissue. EPC dysfunction reduces the angiogenetic function of EPCs. The vital maturation process that the EPCs must pass is the late phase. The dysfunction of late EPCs is known as senescence. This study aimed to identify and compare senescence of late EPCs, through CD62E and CD41 markers, in non-smokers and smokers as a risk factor for CVD. Methods EPC collection was from peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in non-smokers (n=30) and smokers (n=31). The EPCs were then marked by CD62E/CD41 and senescence β-galactosidase assay using FACS. Identification of senescence cells was based on fluorescence with DAPI. Results Positive percentage of late EPCs in non-smokers was not significantly different from that in smokers (p=0.014). The number of senescent late EPCs in smokers was higher than in non-smokers (p

This study aims to explore the nature of community response to the initiation of smoking among Indonesian early adolescents. The study was a qualitative survey involving 100 selected participants (early adolescents, parents, teachers of junior high schools, and school nurses with 25 participants in each category) through snowball sampling method. Participants were interviewed with semi-structured open-ended questions. Data analysis was accomplished by the triangulation of data source. Smoking initiation arises reactive and assertive community response in rejecting negative impact of smoking-leading situation. Community response to the initiation of smoking among early adolescents has certain complex characteristics. Health professionals need to actively participate in building smoke-free community by constructing a practical model of public health nursing which is comprehensive to protect Indonesian early adolescents from negative impacts of culturally allowed smoking.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: تهدف هذه الدراسة لتحديد التنبؤات بالسلوكيات التعزيزية عند الأطفال الذين يعانين من اضطراب تجنب تناول الطعام المقيد من منظور إندونيسي. طرق البحث: تم توزيع هذا المسح الوصفي المقطعي على ٢٤٥ من الأمهات اللآتي يقمن برعاية أطفال يعانين من اضطراب تجنب تناول الطعام المقيد. تم تجميع المعلومات بواسطة استبانة تعبأ شخصيا. استخدم اختبار ت- المستقل، واختبار مان-ويتني، وتحليل التباين بطريقة واحدة (أنوفا) كروسكال- والس، والانحدار الخطي المتعدد لتحليل البيانات الوصفية. النتائج: تجسدت العوامل المرتبطة بالسلوكيات التعزيزية في الأبوة والأمومة المتبادلة، خصوصا من حيث رعاية الطفل والتفاعل مع الأطفال. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، أظهر الانحدار الخطي المتعدد أن الأبوة والأمومة المتبادلة استمر في نطاق التواصل، حيث الأطفال هم المتنبئون الرئيسين، بينماعدد الأطفال تتأثر السلوكيات التعزيزية. الاستنتاجات: حددت هذه الدراسة عدد الأطفال والأبوة والأمومة المتبادلة في التفاعل مع الأطفال كعوامل رئيسة تؤثر على السلوك التعويضي للأمومة. نقترح أن الرعاية التداخلية ممكن أن تحسن السلوك التعويضي للأمومة عند الأطفال الذين يعانين من اضطراب تجنب تناول الطعام المقيد. Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to identify predictors of promotive behaviours in mothers of Indonesian children with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was administered to 245 mothers who were caring for children with ARFID. Data were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. For descriptive data analysis, independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis, and multiple linear regression were employed. Results: The factors related to promotive behaviours in these mothers were embodied in mutual parenting, especially in terms of childcare (p = 0.001

Background: Family’s ability to care for children with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a central indicator in preventing the children from worse nutritional disorders. Environmental factor, child factor, caregiving behavioral systems, and beliefs can improve the family’s ability to care for children. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of environmental factor, child factor, caregiving behavioral systems, and beliefs on the family’s ability to care for children with ARFID. Design and Methods: This cross-sectional research was carried out on 245 families with children suffering from ARFID in Malang Regency, in the working area of the Health Office of Malang Regency. The population of this research was families with children suffering from ARFID within the working area of the Health Office of Malang Regency. The research sample size was computed using the rule of thumb in structural equation modeling (SEM), the sample size used was 245. Results: Results showed that the family’s ability to care for children with ARFID was highly influenced by the caregiver’s belief (t = 21.796; β = 0.713). Caregiver’s belief became a dominant factor in the promotion of the family’s ability to care for children with ARFID. A caregiver’s belief was influenced by his/her behavior. Conclusions: It was concluded that the caregiver’s belief serves as a primary factor in the promotion of the family’s ability to care for children with ARFID. A caregiver’s behavior holds a prominent role in influencing his/her belief in providing care for children suffering from ARFID.

Objectives: This study has aimed at identifying the nature of preconception care delivered by healthcare practitioners toward prospective brides and grooms at primary healthcare in Jakarta. Materials and methods: This study used a qualitative design with descriptive analysis. The participants of this study are nine health practitioners, who deliver preconception care to prospective brides and grooms at primary healthcare in Jakarta, involving doctors, nurses, midwives, health analysts, and psychologists. The criteria of the participant were healthcare practitioners who were in charge of delivering healthcare service to prospects from primary healthcare, at least having a year experience at primary healthcare, having at least an associate degree. Participants have selected through purposive sampling in which characteristics suitable to the research objectives. The trustworthiness of the data has met through principles of credibility, conformability, dependability, and transferability. Results: The study identified four themes, which include participants’ perspective on prospects preparation, implementation of preconception care to prospects at primary healthcare, obstacles faced during the delivery, and participants’ needs for preconception care services. Conclusion: Healthcare practitioners need specialized training and interagency cooperation to enhance professional skill-mix in preconception care to achieve goals for maternal and child health.

Introduction: A nurse who experience burnout feelings will influence their motivation, and quality performance. This situation is probably affecting a decline in work quality towards the caring behaviour demonstrated by nurses to their patiens, particularly for a nurse who are working in the long-stay installation room facing directly to patient's problems. The purpose of this research is to identify the work stress level of nurse towards the nurse's caring behaviour in the long-stay installation room (IRNA) in general hospital in Malang. Method: This research used descriptive – correlational, the sampling was Non Probability Purposive Sampling with 93 nurses as the corresponds. The data was analyzed by operating Correlation Pearson, with a significance of p < 0.05. Result: The result found that there was a substantial correlation between the work stress level and the nurse's caring behaviour with p = 0.008 and r = -0.274, and it was a negative correlation. Discussion: It means that when the stress level of nurses will declined, the nurse's caring behavior automatically will beamplified. Conversely, if the stess level of nurses intensively increased, the nurse's caring behaviour become decreased. Thus, this research is needed to be analyzed further in order to asses the quality of caring behaviour by expanding the connected indicator and variable. It is aimed to improve the professionalism and quality of nurses in giving the best service to patients this research need to be continued further in order to asses the quality of nurse's caring behavior by expanding the variable, which is related to internal factors, such as knowledge, perception, emotion, ect and also connected to external factors, such as environment, both physically and non physically like: climate, human being, social economic, culture and ect.

Introduction: Patient acceptance to diet in fl uences patient intake during the hospitalization. Patient acceptance on meals provided by the hospital can be seen from the left over. Whilst factors which in fl uences patient motivation to finish their meals including addtional food, taste, and adaptation level to the hospital, the aim of this research was to identify factors that related to patient acceptance on meals provided by the hospital in class three ward dr. Soepraoen Hospital, Malang. Method: Descriptive analitic was used as research design with cross-sectional approach. As many as 51 samples were chosen with purposive sampling. Data was analyzed with chi square with 95%signi fi cance. Results: The results showed a signi fi cant relation between additional food and the leftover (p-Value = 0,018). There is signi fi cant relation on the taste and the leftover (p-Value = 0.032) and adaptation level and leftover (p-Value = 0.026). Discussion: It can be concluded that additional food, taste, and adaptation level to the hospital have signi fi cant relation with hospitalized patient acceptance on their diet. It is suggested that nurse pay more attention on these factors to fulfi ll patient nutrition needs during hospitalization.