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Background: India has a significant prevalence of people with intellectual disabilities. Despite their higher prevalence, they receive poor support. Therefore, this review aims to explore the experiences of family carers in providing care for children with intellectual disabilities in India. Methods: A qualitative evidence synthesis was undertaken, searching databases such as MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycInfo up to October 2023. Grey literature was also searched for unpublished studies, with two reviewers assessing methodological quality. Eleven eligible studies, mostly qualitative in design, were included in the review. The data synthesis followed a thematic approach. Results: The synthesis found five themes representing family carers' experiences and perspectives. These were 'resilience and acceptance', 'parental response', 'care dynamic', 'preparing for transition to adulthood' and 'parental advocacy'. Conclusion: Family carers hold diverse views, while almost all consider providing care complex and challenging, with few positive experiences.

Agriculture is the crucial pillar and basic building block of our nation. Agriculture plays a key role as the major source of revenue for our nation. Farming is the primary financial source of India. Abrupt environmental changes affect crop yield prediction. Unpredictable climate changes, lack of water resources, deficiency of nutrients, depletion of soil fertility, unbalanced irrigation systems, and conventional farming techniques are the major causes of crop yield prediction. Today, AI, the use of machine learning, and deep learning techniques provide an achievable solution to improve crop yields. The key intent of the survey is to accurately predict and improve crop yield by combining agricultural statistics with machine learning and deep learning models. To accomplish this, we have surveyed the optimization algorithms implemented in conjunction with the Random Forest and Cat Boost models. A survey made across multiple databases to determine the effectiveness of crop yield prediction and analysis was performed on the included articles. The survey results show that a hybrid CNN DNN and RNN model with optimization algorithms outperforms the other existing traditional models.

Spermatozoa are recognized as foreign cells by both male and female immune systems, leading to the production of antisperm antibodies (ASAs) when sperm are exposed to immune system due to a breach in the mucosal barrier. ASAs can be found in both sexes, though concentrations vary by individual and sex. This review examines ASAs production, their specific binding locations on sperm, and how ASAs may impair key sperm functions, including motility, viability, acrosome reaction, and capacitation. While ASAs are known to potentially interfere with sperm quality and sperm binding to zona pellucida in both humans and livestock, their impact on fertility remains debated, as ASAs are also detected in a significant number of fertile individuals. Furthermore, the practical relevance of ASAs screening in fertility assessment lacks consensus, with some findings suggesting that ASAs might even aid fertilization under certain conditions. By compiling the information on ASAs and their effects on semen quality and fertility, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of ASAs in infertility.

Traditionally, diseases have been managed with synthetic chemicals, but concerns over their environmental and health impacts have led to increased interest in biological control methods as sustainable alternatives. This study explores the potential of the seed-borne endophytes for eco-friendly biological control agent against brown spot Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) and sheath blight disease (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) in rice. The findings revealed that B. subtilis RE-1 effectively reduced the mycelial growth of brown spot and sheath blight pathogen up to 46.27% and 40.37%, respectively under in vitro conditions. Endophytes produced extracellular hydrolytic enzymes viz., amylase, protease, cellulase and lipase that degrade fungal mycelia. Additionally, B. subtilis RE-1 synthesized antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) including Iturin (C, D), Bacilysin, Fengycin D, Mycosubtilin, Bacillomycin (A,D) and hydrolytic enzymes viz., β-glucanase, which collectively demonstrated potent antimicrobial and antifungal activities. The identification of six antimicrobial lipopeptides genes and one hydrolytic enzyme gene in seed-borne endophytes is a novel finding of this study, highlighting its comprehensive disease-fighting potential. Furthermore, B. subtilis enhances seed germination rates to 96% and increases the vigor index to 1574.784, compared to the control seeds with 92% germination and a vigor index of 1393.984. The augmentation of seedling growth can be attributed to the release of IAA, siderophore and ammonia utilization. These findings underscore B. subtilis as a promising endophyte that could enhance rice production sustainably.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated initial antihypertensive drug prescription patterns in Indian healthcare settings. An observational, cross‐sectional, prospective prescription registry analyzed prescriptions for 4723 newly diagnosed hypertension patients. Additionally, it investigated the extent to which physicians adhered to either European or Indian hypertension guidelines. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) were the most commonly prescribed drugs, given to 79% of patients, followed by calcium channel blockers (CCBs) at 55%. Diuretics and beta‐blockers (BBs) were prescribed to 27% and 17% of patients, respectively. Monotherapy was administered to 35% of patients, while combination therapies were more prevalent, with dual therapy at 51% and regimens involving three or more drugs prescribed to 14%. Among multi‐drug treatments (n = 3082, 65%), 98% received fixed‐dose combination tablets. The most common combinations were ARB + CCB (26%), ARB + diuretic (12%), and ARB + CCB + diuretic (8%). Key predictors for an increasing number of prescribed drugs included statin use/dyslipidemia, age, blood pressure level, and diabetes. Non‐adherence to hypertension guidelines was evident as 1364 patients classified from moderate to very high risk received monotherapy. Of these, 496 patients had grade 2 or 3 hypertension. Additionally, 88 patients received the undesirable combination of ACEi + ARB, and 267 (15.9%) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients did not receive RAS‐blockers (146 on monotherapy). The findings reveal a trend toward utilizing ARBs, CCBs, and combination tablets, indicating improved adherence to guidelines. However, a significant number of patients did not receive appropriate treatment, highlighting areas for improvement in prescription practices.

Electric two-wheelers are gaining popularity due to environmental benefits, extensive operating temperature, and low running costs. However, various environmental factors significantly affect their energy consumption rate and overall performance, with ambient temperature being the critical one. This study investigates the impact of ambient temperature on energy consumption rate and performance of electric two-wheelers by utilizing real-world driving data. An experimental setup consists of drive cycle source, speed control unit, motor control unit, battery pack, and motor with varying ambient temperatures ranging from 15 °C to 40 °C. The experimental setup utilized various sensors to collect parameters such as speed, temperature, current, voltage, state of charge, state of health, and driving range. The result shows that the optimal operating temperature for electric two-wheelers is between 20 °C and 30 °C, where energy efficiency and driving range are maximized. At 15 °C, the driving range decreases to 112.41 km, approximately 2 % lower than at moderate ambient temperature, while at 40 °C, the driving range increases by 2 %, reaching 114.68 km. The study also reveals that an extreme ambient temperature reduces the battery's useable capacity, negatively impacting power output and driving range. Additionally, the battery pack's cell temperature rises by 2.2 °C above the ambient temperature in both low and high conditions.