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2. Markov Chains for Modeling Complex Luminescence, Absorption, and Scattering in Nanophotonic Systems

Author

Kutayiah, A. Ryan, Kumar, Smriti, Ratnaweera, Rivi, Easwaran, Kenny, and Sheldon, Matthew

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

We develop a method based on Markov chains to model fluorescence, absorption, and scattering in nanophotonic systems. We show that the method reproduces Beer-Lambert's Law and Kirchhoff's Law, but also can be used to analyze deviations from these laws when some of their assumptions are violated. We show how to use the method to analyze a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) based on semiconductor nanocrystals.

Published
2020
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7. Native Mass Spectrometry of Membrane Protein–Lipid Interactions in Different Detergent Environments

Author

Kumar, Smriti, Stover, Lauren, Wang, Lie, Bahramimoghaddam, Hanieh, Zhou, Ming, Russell, David H., and Laganowsky, Arthur

Abstract

Native mass spectrometry (MS) reveals the role of specific lipids in modulating membrane protein structure and function. Membrane proteins solubilized in detergents are often introduced into the mass spectrometer. However, detergents commonly used for structural studies, such as dodecylmaltoside, tend to generate highly charged ions, leading to protein unfolding, thereby diminishing their utility in characterizing protein–lipid interactions. Thus, there is a critical need to develop approaches to investigate protein–lipid interactions in different detergents. Here, we demonstrate how charge-reducing molecules, such as spermine and trimethylamine-N-oxide, enable the opportunity to characterize lipid binding to the bacterial water channel (AqpZ) and ammonia channel (AmtB) in complex with regulatory protein GlnK in different detergent environments. We find that protein–lipid interactions not only are protein-dependent but also can be influenced by the detergent and type of charge-reducing molecule. AqpZ-lipid interactions are enhanced in LDAO (n-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylamine-N-oxide), whereas the interaction of AmtB-GlnK with lipids is comparable among different detergents. A fluorescent lipid binding assay also shows detergent dependence for AqpZ-lipid interactions, consistent with results from native MS. Taken together, native MS will play a pivotal role in establishing optimal experimental parameters that will be invaluable for various applications, such as drug discovery as well as biochemical and structural investigations.

Published
2024
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19. The Role of Data (Deletion) Permission Frames, Data Sensitivity, Audiences, and Defaults on Consumers’ Willingness to Share Personal Information

Author

Kumar, Smriti

Abstract

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and California Consumers’ Protect Act (CCPA) provide a set of provisions to regulate marketers’ processing of consumers’ personal data. One of these provisions is to offer consumers the ‘right to erasure' or ‘right to be forgotten.’ These regulations recommend that firms enable consumers to delete some or all of their personal information from the firm’s databases permanently if desired (Palmer 2019). Firms are struggling to figure out how to give consumers options to delete their data. Moreover, managers are not sure to what extent will consumers delete their data, if given an option to delete. Getting answers to the question of how to best manage customer data is important for firms which strive to maintain positive consumer-firm relationships. Given the new regulatory developments, there has been no specific consumer research examining deletion transparency, its operationalization, its effects on the data ultimately shared with firms. This dissertation explores operationalization of data transparency by investigating the impact of three different frames that firms can use while requesting consumers to share various degrees of sensitive information. The three frames are: (1) asking consumers to provide personal information, (2) asking consumers to keep (already) collected information, (3) asking consumers to delete (already) collected information. Through six experiments and one meta-analysis, I tested and showed that different frames affect consumers’ autonomy and vulnerability differently, which determine their willingness to share personal information. I also explored the role of perceived sensitivity, audiences (trust in the recipients and presence vs. absence of the third party) as the moderators for the effect of different frames on consumers’ willingness to share their personal information. Theoretically, this research contributes to privacy, framing, and information-sharing literatures. Managerially, this research explores the option of deletion for consumers to control their data and tests the extent to which they will share/ delete various types of information. For policy makers, this dissertation along with the main effect, tests the framing effect with different defaults and explores its impact on the extent of sharing information.

Published
2022
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37. Linking carbon emission and economic growth: Case from developing economies of the Asian region.

Author

Kumar, Smriti, Kumar, Harsh, and Bhatia, Meena

Subjects
ECONOMIC conditions in Asia, VECTOR error-correction models, ECONOMIC expansion, CARBON emissions, ENVIRONMENTAL quality, RENEWABLE energy sources, INPUT-output analysis, CLIMATE change
Abstract

As an indicator of environmental quality, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission has gained much attention in the pre‐existing pieces of literature. Because of their complex link with economic development, human activities, etc., it's always being an issue of discussion and is largely neglected in the country's political decision‐making. The present study probes the association between economic growth and carbon dioxide emission in the context of developing nations in the Asian region, by incorporating urbanization, merchandise trade, Foreign Direct Investment and renewable energy consumption for the period of 10 years (i.e., 2009–2018). For the analysis, the Granger causality relationship is used with an appropriate panel data regression model. The results of the causality analysis indicate that there prevails a relationship running from economic growth, merchandise trade to CO2 emissions, whereas renewable energy consumption has an inverse and significant impact on CO2 emissions. Therefore, to enhance the environmental quality, more renewable energy sources should be used which helps in the betterment of human welfare. To overcome the problem of CO2 emission and tackling climate change has become an essential part of the national as well as international climate policy agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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44. MicroRNA signature of cis-platin resistant vs. cis-platin sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines

Author

Kumar Smriti, Kumar Arooshi, Shah Parag P, Rai Shesh N, Panguluri Siva K, and Kakar Sham S

Subjects
Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract

Abstract Background Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in women worldwide. According to the National Cancer Institute, ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among all the reproductive cancers in women. Advanced stage diagnosis and chemo/radio-resistance is a major obstacle in treating advanced ovarian cancer. The most commonly employed chemotherapeutic drug for ovarian cancer treatment is cis-platin. As with most chemotherapeutic drugs, many patients eventually become resistant to cis-platin and therefore, diminishing its effect. The efficacy of current treatments may be improved by increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemo/radiation therapies. Methods The present study is focused on identifying the differential expression of regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) between cis-platin sensitive (A2780), and cis-platin resistant (A2780/CP70) cell lines. Cell proliferation assays were conducted to test the sensitivity of the two cell lines to cis-platin. Differential expression patterns of miRNA between cis-platin sensitive and cis-platin resistant cell lines were analyzed using novel LNA technology. Results Our results revealed changes in expression of 11 miRNAs out of 1,500 miRNAs analyzed. Out of the 11 miRNAs identified, 5 were up-regulated in the A2780/CP70 cell line and 6 were down regulated as compared to cis-platin sensitive A2780 cells. Our microRNA data was further validated by quantitative real-time PCR for these selected miRNAs. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was performed for the selected miRNAs and their putative targets to identify the potential pathways and networks involved in cis-platin resistance. Conclusions Our data clearly showed the differential expression of 11 miRNAs in cis-platin resistant cells, which could potentially target many important pathways including MAPK, TGF-β signaling, actin cytoskeleton, ubiquitin mediated proteasomal pathway, Wnt signaling, mTOR signaling, Notch signaling, apoptosis, and many other signaling pathways. Manipulation of one or more of these miRNAs could be an important approach for ovarian cancer chemotherapy.

Published
2011
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48. Security and Dependability Solutions for Web Services and Worflows

Author

Kokolakis, Spyros, Rizomiliotis, Panagiotis, Benameur, Azzedine, Sinha Kumar, Smriti, University of the Aegean, Supporting Interaction and Learning by Experience (SILEX), Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), SAP Research (SAP Research), Spyros Kokolakis, Antonio Maña Gómez, George Spanoudakis, SI LIRIS, Équipe gestionnaire des publications, and Spyros Kokolakis, Antonio Maña Gómez, George Spanoudakis

Subjects
[INFO]Computer Science [cs], [INFO] Computer Science [cs]
Abstract

International audience; In this chapter we present an innovative approach towards the design and application of Security and Dependability (S&D) solutions for Web services and service-based workflows. Recently, several standards have been published that prescribe S&D solutions for Web services, e.g. OASIS WS-Security. However,the application of these solutions in specific contexts has been proven problematic. We propose a new framework for the application of such solutions based on the SERENITY S&D Pattern concept. An S&D Pattern comprises all the necessary information for the implementation, verification, deployment, and active monitoring of an S&D Solution. Thus, system developers may rely on proven solutions that are dynamically deployed and monitored by the Serenity Runtime Framework. Finally, we further extend this approach to cover the case of executable workflows which are realised through the orchestration of Web services.

Published
2009

49. SOCIAL MEDIA FOMO: A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL MEDIA FEAR OF MISSING OUT AND ITS EFFECTS ON CONSUMER WELLBEING.

Author

Chan, Steven, Van Solt, Michelle, Bahl, Shalini, Philp, Matthew, Cruz, Ryan, Serin, Nuket, Amaral, Nelson, Schindler, Robert, Bartosiak, Abbey, Kumar, Smriti, and Canbulut, Murad

Subjects
SOCIAL media, MENTAL health, CONSUMER attitudes, BODY image, WELL-being
Abstract

Research Question - Social media has become a major part of modern social connection, yet there is still insufficient research on the connection of FOMO and social media. We review the psychological drivers of the social media FOMO process (e.g., social comparisons, selfverification, self-evaluation maintenance, etc.) and present a framework for how it can lead to mental health consequences. We propose future research questions based on our framework of social media FOMO. The following are research questions meant to inspire future research on social media FOMO: What factors affect the amount and impact of upward social comparisons on social media? In addition to body image, what other content categories interact with gender and FOMO? How do gender norms heighten FOMO across different content categories? Does active posting on social media increase FOMO when self-presentation worries arise? Can active posting also decrease FOMO because of the agency it provides the user? When self-verification goals fail, does FOMO arise? Do consumers use social media to self-verify on certain aspects of the self (e.g. physical, personality) more than others? How do feelings of FOMO develop into a chronic habitual process of social media FOMO over time? Summary of Findings - With this theoretical work, we set an intention for our conceptual framework to stimulate research findings that can be translated into actionable implications for consumers, businesses, and policy makers to reduce social media FOMO. We advocate for social media platforms to collaborate with our social media FOMO research paradigm. Research conducted by researchers external to the social media platforms will reduce the bias of internal research. For example, a reminder to take a break on social media would be more effective at supporting well-being if coupled with identifying segments of users who are low in self-esteem and seek social comparisons. Some social media content can even increase user well-being. Consumers can be educated to become aware of the effects that FOMO has on their overall wellbeing which could encourage them to adopt healthier social media habits. While we encourage consumers to empower themselves to manage their social media habits, the scale of the social media FOMO problem represents a public health crisis that requires supporting policies and funding. Policy makers can consult with child development experts and gain understanding from social media FOMO research to reassess minimum age requirements and require social media platforms to provide warning labels for FOMO-inducing content. Statement of Key Contributions -This work aims to encourage future research on the topic of social media FOMO by proposing a holistic framework for social media usage. Prior research on the links between social media and consumer mental health has been fragmented; therefore, laying out a conceptual framework for it with psychological mechanisms is a key step in understanding the social media epidemic. We highlight the central role of social media FOMO and propose a series of research questions at every stage of the framework. This research contributes to the social media literature by providing new avenues of research that can enrich the discipline and provide greater understanding to the construct of social media FOMO and its consequences on well-being. We conclude our theoretical paper by recommending detailed actions that key stakeholders (businesses, policy makers, and consumers) can take to deal with the negative consequences of social media FOMO. While we note examples of some social media platforms taking steps to reduce social media FOMO, we focus on empowering consumers to understand the challenges they face in managing their social media usage towards improving their mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022

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