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Employing naturally extracted dyes and their derivatives as photosensitizers towards the construction of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been recently emerging for establishing sustainable energy conversion devices. In this present work, Rhodobacter Sphaeroides Photobacteria (Rh. Sphaeroides) was used as a natural source from which Bacteriopheophytine-a (Bhcl) dye was extracted. Further, two cationic derivatives of Bhcl, viz., Guanidino-bacteriopheophorbide-a (Gua-Bhcl) and (2-aminoethyl)triphenylphosphono-bacteriopheophorbide-a (2AETPPh-Bhcl) were synthesized. The thus obtained Bhcl, Gua-Bhcl and 2AETPPh-Bhcl were characterized using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and their photophysical properties were investigated using excitation and emission studies. All three near-infrared (NIR) responsive dyes were employed as natural sensitizers towards the construction of DSSC devices, using platinum as a photocathode, dye-sensitized P25-TiO2 as a photoanode and I−/I3− as an electrolyte. DSSCs fabricated using all three dyes have shown reasonably good photovoltaic performance, among which 2AETPPh-Bhcl dye has shown a relatively higher power conversion efficiency (η) of 0.38% with a short circuit photocurrent density (JSC) of 1.03 mA cm−2. This could be attributed to the dye's natural optimal light absorption in the visible and NIR region and uniform dispersion through the electrostatic interaction of the cationic derivatives on the TiO2 photoanode. Furthermore, the atomic force microscopy studies and electrochemical investigations using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Bode's plot also supported the enhancement in performance attained with 2AETPPh-Bhcl dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, Amycolatopsis sp. SND-1 (SND-1) was isolated from Cleome chellidonii Linn. (C. chellidonii) was performed as biocontrol and resistance elicitor in Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek (mung bean) plants against Cercospora leaf spot causing pathogen Cercospora canescens (C. canescens). The SND-1 isolate showed 74% of inhibition against C. canescens in dual culture and GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of antifungal compounds. Molecular characterization through 16S rRNA showed that the isolated SND-1 belongs to Amycolatopsis sp. The in vitro plant growth trials exhibited production of indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, cytokinin, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, and siderophore and phosphate solubilization. In vivo study with talcum formulation of SND-1 revealed a significant increase in plant root length, shoots length, root and shoot fresh weight, and reduced the disease severity in treated mung bean plants. Triggering of resistance by SND-1 formulation was studied by histochemical depositions and biochemical defense enzymes that resulted in the acceleration in defense response in comparison with control plants. The bioactive endophytic Amycolatopsis sp. SND-1 enhanced the defense against C. canescens infection; hence, it can be used as a biological control agent in mung bean cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present scenario, food security is of major concern due to exponentially increasing population and depleted crop production. The fungal diseases have contributed majorly to the scarcity of staple food products and economic loss worldwide. This problem could be tackled by preventing the crop loss during both pre and post-harvest seasons. During the current investigation, the bioactive compound eicosane was extracted from Streptomyces sp. KF15, subjected to purification and identified based on mass spectrometry and NMR analysis. The evaluation of in-vitro antifungal activity was done by poisoned food method, SEM analysis and growth pattern analysis. The bioactive compound eicosane with molecular weight of 282.5475 g/mol was purified by column chromatography and the straight chain hydrocarbon structure of CH 3 CH 2(18) CH 3 was elucidated by NMR analysis. In poisoned food assay, eicosane effectively inhibited the radial growth of all tested fungal pathogens; F. oxysporum was found to be the most sensitive with 24.2%, 33.3%, 42.4%, and 63.6% inhibition at 25–100 μg/ml concentrations. The SEM micrograph established clear differences in the morphology of eicosane treated fungi with damaged hyphae, flaccid mycelium and collapsed spores as compared to the tubular, turgid and entire fungi in control sample. Finally, the growth curve assay depicted the right side shift in the pattern of eicosane treated fungi indicating the delay in adapting to the conditions of growth and multiplication. The findings of this study encourage further research and development towards the novel antifungal drugs that can act against major phytopathogens. • Eicosane with molecular weight of 282.5475 g/mol was identified by GC-MS analysis. • NMR analysis determined the structure of eicosane as a straight chain hydrocarbon. • Eicosane exhibited increased antifungal activity with increase in concentration. • Eicosane treated fungal cells were deformed, collapsed with shrinkage & aplanation. • Eicosane treated fungal cells failed to attain exponential growth in the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis of 1D/2D Au nanofiber/Cr-MOF composite for caffeic acid detection. • Machine learning-based prediction of sensor performance. • The experimental data agreed well with the machine learning data. • Artificial intelligence was used to investigate the porosity of the composite. Artificial intelligence, including machine learning, can offer creative solutions for problems that sensors must solve to anticipate the concentrations of analyte automatically. In this article, a machine learning approach was used to predict the sensing performance of the 1D gold nanofibers decorated 2D amine-terminated chromium metal–organic framework (MIL-101(Cr)–NH 2) composite for the determination of caffeic acid (CA). The MIL-101(Cr)–NH 2 surface was decorated with Au nanofibers with an average diameter of 12 nm, according to the morphological examination. The composite demonstrated a good linear range of CA concentrations from 0.5 to 100 μM with a detection limit of 0.011 µM and a sensitivity of 2.53 µA/µM/cm2. The electrode's production of current for the interfering substances was incredibly low. The spiked CA in the coffee powder and red wine samples recovered exceptionally well using the composite electrode. The machine learning design forecasted the sensing efficiency of CA to support the experimental results. Linear regression, the most trivial machine learning algorithm, produced predictions that closely matched the experimental data. The composite's porosity and potential electrochemical traits were also investigated using computer vision and artificial intelligence-based algorithms and compared with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous development of antimicrobial resistance and appearance of new diseases necessitate use of novel and effective antimicrobial molecules. This research work was planned to determine the antimicrobial and metabolite profiling of Streptomyces filamentosus strain KS17 from unexplored regions of Devbag beach, India. The Streptomyce s filamentosus strain KS17 was screened and was subjected to various characterization techniques. Antagonistic activity of ethyl acetate extract was carried out and finally spectral and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was done. The Streptomyces filamentosus strain KS17 displayed a strong antimicrobial activity on cross streak method. The organism produced greyish and light yellow mycelia and optimal growth was observed at 30–35 ℃ and expressed an evolutionary relationship with Streptomyces filamentosus strain Act74 (KT996121). The UV spectrum exhibited active peak at 213 nm. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts, such as S. flexneri , E. coli , K. pneumoniae , B. cereus , S. aureus , E. faecalis , B. subtilis , C. albicans and C. glabrata. The gram negative bacteria P. aeruginosa was unsusceptible. The metabolite profiling through GC-MS acquainted the presence of 30 bioactive compounds having antibacterial, anticancer properties. Pentane, 2,4-dimethyl- (40.75%), Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, oleate (17.09%), 2-methylhexacosane (4.52%), 9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (E , E , E)- (3.85%) and Phthalic acid, di(2-propylpentyl) ester (2.82%) were the leading compounds available in extract. These compounds are known to have strong antibacterial and antifungal activity. In conclusion, the results clearly suggest the possibility of Streptomyces filamentosus strain KS17 as optimistic candidate for the development of potential antimicrobial drugs after structure elucidation and detail characterizations of bioactive metabolite. [Display omitted] • Streptomyces filamentosus strain KS17 was isolated from marine sediment samples. • The organism was identified as Streptomyces filamentosus through gene sequencing. • Streptomyces filamentosus strain KS17 showed smooth & rectiflexibiles spore chains. • The organism exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against pathogens. • The GC-MS analysis reported 30 compounds having several biological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal pathogens mainly Candida and Cryptococcus species causes serious life-threating infections to humans, especially in individuals who are immunocompromised. Increasing frequency of antifungal drug resistance along with paucity of FDA-approved drugs suggest a dire need for new antifungal drugs. Our screening of newly synthesized spirooxindole heterocyclic hybrid compounds revealed that the novel small molecule, DPA-3, has potent antifungal activity without inducing mammalian cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, DPA-3 significantly reduced hyphal and biofilm formation of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 strain, out-competing two FDA approved antifungal drugs. The results of our study conclude that DPA-3 is a compelling candidate for further development as an antifungal drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we developed a monolayer graphene/nanostructured cobalt oxide (MLG/Co 3 O 4) composite for asymmetric supercapacitor and electrochemical sensor applications. The MLG was grown by chemical vapor deposition process and the Co 3 O 4 nanostructures were electrodeposited on the MLG surface. Scanning electron microscopy proved that there were flower-like nanostructured Co 3 O 4 densely electrodeposited on the MLG surface. At a current density of 3 mA cm−2, the MLG/Co 3 O 4 composite produced an areal capacitance of 3.73 F cm−2. After 10,000 cycles, the composite electrode still had 93.6 % of its initial capacitance at 5 mA cm−2. The asymmetric system displayed an areal capacitance of 929 mF cm−2 at 4 mA cm−2 with good cycle stability. The asymmetric electrode produced a specific energy of 51 μWh cm−2 and a specific power of 11.1 mW cm−2. Cyclic voltammetric measurements demonstrated that the composite showed redox peaks at 0.48 eV and 0.09 eV toward the determination of CA. With a sensitivity of 0.13 µA/µM/cm2 and a limit of detection of 0.009 µM, the composite showed CA concentrations, ranging from 0.5 to 480 M. The composite displayed excellent selectivity and the current produced for the interfering compounds was exceedingly low. Using the composite electrode, the spiked CA in red wine and green tea samples recovered remarkably effectively. • Fabrication of Co 3 O 4 /CVD-grown monolayer graphene composite. • The composites showed an areal capacitance of 3.73 F cm−2 at 3 mA cm−2. • The electrode lost only 6.4 % of its original capacitance after 10,000 cycles. • The asymmetrical supercapacitor exhibited an energy density of 51 μWh cm−2. • The composite showed a sensitivity of 0.13 µA/µM/cm2 and a LOD of 0.009 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3), due to its thermoelectric properties, is an interesting semiconducting material for optoelectronics and energy conversion devices; still, it has limited stability and durability. Under high pressure, we can fine-tune its performance, potentially enhancing its capabilities. The presented work uses the semi-automatic Reddy tube to explore the behavior of bismuth telluride under dynamic pressure. Commercially available bismuth telluride was purchased and subjected to different numbers of shock pulses of 100, 200, 300, and 400 with 2 MPa transient pressure and 864 K transient temperature. XRD, Raman, UV-DRS, PL, and SEM were used to characterize Bi2Te3 and shock-loaded Bi2Te3. The XRD and Raman study confirms that the Bi2Te3 underwent phase transition from Bi2Te3 to Bi4Te5 (rhombohedral to hexagonal) at 300 shock pulses. The optical property of Bi2Te3 was determined using UV-DRS and PL; the bandgap and PL intensity changed with respect to the number of shock pulses. A scanning electron microscope was used to analyze sample morphology. Our findings reveal the reversible phase transition of bismuth telluride from Bi2Te3 to Bi4Te5 under dynamic shock waves, something that has not been reported earlier. Using traditional synthesis methods, Bi4Te5 consume a lot of time, leading to impurities and problems of sample quality. Our results reveal that a rapid and reversible phase transition and unique response to dynamic shock waves will allow excellent technological applications without requiring lengthy and complex synthesis methods, offering enhanced stability and potential advancements in energy conversion devices. The process detailing how shock waves initiate the phase transition is explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three‐component, [3 + 2]‐cycloaddition/annulation domino protocol is described for the synthesis in excellent yield of a polycyclic cage‐like heterocyclic hybrid (PCHH) that comprises various advantaged structural units viz., α,β‐unsaturated ketone moiety, 4‐pyridinone and pyrroloisoquinoline in a cage‐like framework. The antitumor activity of PCHH on human breast (MCF7), colon (HCT116), cervical (JURKAT) and lung (NCI‐H460) malignant cell lines inhibited the propagation of all cell lines. This hybrid molecule displayed increased broad‐spectrum anticancer activity with higher doses of PCHH. Furthermore, the compound induced 45.21% of early apoptosis and 46.32% of late apoptosis in the Jurkat cancer cell line. Cell cycle analysis showed that this cage‐like compound caused cell cycle arrest of Jurkat cells at the S phase and sub G0/G1 phase. Additionally, it led to increased DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization through activation of caspase‐3 enzyme. Present investigation demonstrates the specific cytotoxic activity of the cage‐like compound and the induction of apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway of Jurkat cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A- and D-ring-modified luotonin-inspired heterocycles have been synthesized and were evaluated for their activity against the viability of four cancer cell lines in vitro, namely, MCF7, HCT116, JURKAT, and NCI-H460. The analysis of results indicated that two of the synthesized derivatives displayed good inhibition against the growth of the human colon cancer HCT116 cell line, with potencies lower than but in the same order of magnitude as camptothecin (CPT). These two luotonin analogues also showed an activity similar to that of the highly potent alkaloid CPT as inhibitors of topoisomerase I and also inhibited topoisomerase II. These results show that complete planarity is not a strict requirement for topoisomerase inhibition by luotonin-related compounds, paving the way to the design of analogues with improved solubility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthracnose is a devastating disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (CL) in Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek (mung bean). In the present study, an eco-friendly approach to control anthracnose infection, growth promotion and enhancement of defense response in mung bean plants using endophytic actinomycetes was performed. Among the 24 actinomycetes isolates from the Cleome rutidosperma plant, the isolate SND-2 exhibited a broad spectrum of antagonistic activity with 63.27% of inhibition against CL in the dual culture method. Further, the isolate SND-2 was identified as Streptomyces sp. strain SND-2 (SND-2) through the 16S rRNA gene sequence. In-vitro screening of plant growth trials confirmed that SND-2 has the potential to produce indole acetic acid, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, phosphate solubilization, and siderophore. The in-vivo biocontrol study was performed with exogenous application of wettable talcum-based formulation of SND-2 strain to mitigate CL infection in mung bean seedlings. The results displayed maximum seed germination, vigor index, increased growth parameters, and lowest disease severity (43.63 ± 0.73) in formulation treated and pathogen challenged mung bean plants. Further, the application of SND-2 formulation with pathogen witnessed increased cellular defense through the maximum accumulation of lignin, hydrogen peroxide and phenol deposition in mung bean leaves compared with control treatments. Biochemical defense response exhibited upregulation of antioxidant enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, β-1,-3-Glucanase, and peroxidase enzymes activities with increased phenolic (3.64 ± 0.11 mg/g fresh weight) and flavonoid (1.14 ± 0.05 mg/g fresh weight) contents in comparison with other treatments at 0, 4, 12, 24, 36, and 72 h post pathogen inoculation. This study demonstrated that formulation of Streptomyces sp. strain SND-2 is a potential source as a suppressive agent and plant growth promoter in mung bean plants upon C. lindemuthianum infestation and witnesses the elevation in cellular and biochemical defense against anthracnose disease. • Anthracnose is a devastating disease in Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek (mung bean). • Endophytic actinomycetes are the excellent biocontrol and growth promoting agents. • Streptomyces sp. SND-2 exhibited biocontrol growth promotion in mung bean seedlings. • SND-2 strain enhanced cellular defense in mung bean against anthracnose infection. • SND-2 strain triggered biochemical defense in mung bean against anthracnose infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biopolymer melanin is reported for many biological processes to secure biological entities over unfavorable environmental factors. The present study aimed to isolate soil fungi and screen for melanin production. The potent fungus was identified as Penicillium citrinum NP4 based on morphological and molecular characterization with accession number OP070954. Using standardized tyrosine broth conditions melanin was produced by NP4 and extracted by acidification. Extracted melanin exhibited maximum UV–visible absorption at 223 nm; FTIR peaks validate the occurrence of C O, C N, C H, and C C functional groups present in the indole/pyrrole structure. TLC analysis exhibited a prominent single band with a Retardation factor (Rf) of 0.68, resonance peaks at 6.621, 7.061, and 7.185 ppm exhibited aromatic hydrogen in the indole/pyrole system in 1H NMR. The EDX peaks confirm the presence of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen elements which are the key factors in melanin structure, and TGA reports the thermal stability of the melanin. An in silico molecular docking approach on lung cancer causing proteins EGFR (3g5z), KRAS (6vc8), and TP53 (8 dc4) were conducted to determine the active binding sites of the melanin, and proteins exhibited binding affinity of −8.0 for 3g5z, −9.8 for 6vc8, and − 10.1 kcal/mol for TP53 protein with melanin. Anticancer activity of the melanin showed significant inhibition of A549 cells in dose-dependent mode with significant IC 50 of 65.49 μg/mL; apoptotic examination reveals 46.14 % apoptosis for melanin and 46.36 % apoptosis for standard drug (cisplatin). Melanin exhibited good photoprotection capacity at 1 μg/mL. In conclusion, the extracted melanin exhibited significant results on many biological applications and it can be used in the pharmaceutical field to avoid chemical-based drugs. • Isolated Penicillium citrinum NP4 from soil showed potency for melanin production. • Melanin was produced from NP4 strain and extracted by acidification. • Characterization confirms the nature of the melanin. • Molecular docking reports binding affinity of melanin with cancer causing proteins. • NP4-melanin exhibited the significant anticancer efficacy on A549 cells and photoprotection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A small library of spirooxindole-pyrrolidine hybrids have been synthesized for the first time in an ionic liquid, [bmim]Br in good to excellent yields employing a new class of non-stabilized azomethine ylides derived from isatin and tyrosine, a combination that has been rarely employed for the in situ generation of azomethine ylides using [3+2] cycloaddition strategy. Following the synthesis and characterization of the spirooxindole-pyrrolidine heterocyclic hybrids, they were tested for their anticancer activity as against the changes in the concentrations and time periods with different in vitro cell cultures containing cancer and non-cancer cells, where the results revealed for a potential therapeutic activity. Further analysis for the mechanism of cell death by the cancer cells indicated for the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway, specifically mediated by caspase-3. Based on these results, it can be demonstrated that the synthesized spirooxindole-pyrrolidine hybrids may serve as one of the better therapeutic agents used for the treatment of malignant tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highly functionalized 2-amino-4 H -pyrans were achieved in excellent yields and assessed for their potential as inhibitors of AD. Compound bearing nitro groups on both the aryl rings showed the highest activity and this is also supported by its inhibition mechanisms on AChE and BChE receptors. Highlights • Novel highly functionalized 2-amino-4 H -pyrans were achieved in excellent yields. • The structure of 4 H -pyrans were confirmed by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic studies. • The compounds were evaluated as potential agents for Alzheimer's disease. • Molecular docking simulation was performed to disclose the mechanism of inhibition. Abstract Novel highly functionalized 2-amino-4 H -pyrans were achieved in excellent yields under simple grinding at ambient temperature and were assessed for their potential for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). The 2-amino-4 H -pyran bearing nitro groups on both the aryl rings showed the highest activity, with an IC 50 of 1.98 ± 0.09 µM against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 10.62 ± 0.21 µM against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), the inhibition mechanisms on AChE and BChE receptors were revealed by means of molecular docking simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stereoselective syntheses of novel dispiro acenaphthylene–indolizine–pyridinone hybrid heterocycles have been achieved through one-pot four-component domino 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition–Michael addition–air oxidation sequence of reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stereoselective synthesis of a small library of novel spiroheterocyclic hybrids including indolizine, oxindole, and substituted piperidine units has been accomplished in [bmim]Br using a [3 + 2] cycloaddition strategy in good yield and were tested for their anti-inflammatory activities. The effects of compounds ( 4a-o ) against inflammation were studied using carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema, croton oil-induced ear oedema, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models. Among the heterocyclic hybrids, compounds 4d , 4g , and 4o showed significant anti-inflammatory activities against acute and chronic inflammatory models. These compounds also showed significant inhibition of PGE 2 , TNF-α, and nitrite levels in carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema. Thus it is evident from our study that these novel spiroheterocyclic hybrids 4d , 4g , and 4o displayed significant anti-inflammatory effects that involve the reduction of PGE 2 , TNF-α, and nitrite levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A small library of novel spiropyrrolidine heterocyclic hybrids has been prepared regioselectively in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumbromide ([bmim]Br) with good to excellent yields using a [3+2] cycloaddition reaction. These synthesized compounds were evaluated as potential agents for treating Alzheimer’s disease. Compound 4b showed the most potent activity, with an IC 50 of 7.9 ± 0.25 µM against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The inhibition mechanisms for the most active compounds on AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) receptors were elucidated using molecular docking simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly functionalized spirooxindole-pyrrolidine hybrids have been synthesized stereoselectively through a [3 + 2] cycloaddition strategy in an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([bmim]Br). The structure of these spiro heterocyclic hybrids was elucidated using one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray crystallographic studies and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The calculated geometric parameters are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained from the X-ray structures. The Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) calculations on these molecules confirm the electron rich carbonyl oxygen and electron deficient NH groups. The 1 H and 13 C NMR chemical shifts calculated using GIAO method are in good agreement with the experimental data. The DFT computed polarizability values also suggest the possible NLO activity of these molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green nanoparticle (NPs) synthesis is eco-friendly, non-toxic, and the NPs have demonstrated improved biocompatibility for use in healthcare. This study evaluated the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs from the leaves of Cardamine hirsuta L. and their biological properties. The UV-Vis. spectra at 411 nm exhibited a distinct resonance spectrum for C-AgNPs produced from C. hirsuta L. FT-IR analysis exhibited the presence of functional groups of phyto-compounds of C. hirsuta responsible of silver salt reduction and capping agents of C-AgNPs. The microscopic-based study, such as HR-TEM analysis, showed that the particles were uniformly distributed, spherical, and ranged in size from 5.36 to 87.65 nm. EDX analysis confirmed a silver (Ag) content of 36.3% by weight, and XRD analysis exhibited the face-centred cubic (FCC) crystalline nature of C-AgNPs. DLS measured the mean particle size of 76.5 nm. The zeta potential was significant at −27.9 mV, and TGA analysis revealed that C-AgNPs had higher thermal stability. C-AgNPs demonstrated moderate antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. In addition, the anti-proliferative activity measured by the MTT assay on the Caco-2 cell line demonstrated decreased cell viability with increasing C-AgNPs dosage, with an IC50 concentration of 49.14 µg/mL. In addition, an Annexin-V/Propidium iodide flow cytometric study was utilized to evaluate the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Early and late apoptosis cell populations increased significantly compared to the untreated control. Therefore, green-synthesized C-AgNPs have significant antimicrobial and anti-proliferative abilities, making them intriguing options for future biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biosynthesized nano-composites, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), can be engineered to function as smart nano-biomedicine platforms for the detection and management of diverse ailments, such as infectious diseases and cancer. This study determined the eco-friendly fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. flower buds and their efficacy against antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The UV-Visible spectrum was found at 413 nm showing a typical resonance spectrum for L. speciosa flower bud extract-assisted silver nanoparticles (Ls-AgNPs). Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed the presence of amines, halides, and halogen compounds, which were involved in the reduction and capping agent of AgNP formation. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the face-centered cubic crystals of NPs. Energy dispersive X-ray verified the weight of 39.80% of silver (Ag), TEM analysis revealed the particles were spherical with a 10.27 to 62.5 nm range, and dynamic light scattering recorded the average particle size around 58.5 nm. Zeta potential showed a significant value at −39.4 mV, and finally, thermo-gravimetric analysis reported higher thermal stability of Ls-AgNPs. Further, the obtained Ls-AgNPs displayed good antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogens. In addition, a dose-dependent decrease in the anticancer activity by MTT assay on the osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell line showed a decrease in the cell viability with increasing in the concentration of Ls-AgNPs with an IC50 value of 37.57 µg/mL. Subsequently, an apoptotic/necrosis study was conducted with the help of Annexin-V/PI assay, and the results indicated a significant rise in early and late apoptosis cell populations. Therefore, green synthesized Ls-AgNPs were found to have potent antimicrobial and anticancer properties making them fascinating choices for future bio-medical implementations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study describes the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Passiflora vitifolia (P. vitifolia) leaf extract as reducing and capping agent. Characterization of the synthesized AgNPs was done with the help of UV-Vis. spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by the presence of an absorption peak at 388 nm in UV-Vis. spectrum, poly-dispersed nature and size range from 39.06 to 58.24 nm was displayed by AFM and different functional groups were recognized by FTIR analysis. AgNPs showed stability at − 20.3 mV through zeta potential. SEM and TEM analysis revealed that AgNPs were spherical, poly-dispersed particles with minimum size of 11.61 nm and XRD analysis showed face-centered cubic and crystalline nature. The AgNPs demonstrated a notable antimicrobial efficacy against pathogenic microorganisms and showed a substantial antioxidant activity against DPPH free radicals. Further, AgNPs conveyed potent anticancer activity against murine macrophage (RAW-264.7) cell line with a significant IC 50 value of 57.63 µg/mL. The synthesized AgNPs signified good antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activity; hence it has the possibility to be used in various biomedical applications after successful clinical trials. [Display omitted] • AgNPs were biosynthesized from Passiflora vitifolia aqueous leaf extract. • AgNPs showed notable antimicrobial activity against E. coli , E. faecalis , C. albicans and C. glabrata. • Significant DPPH free radical scavanging activity observed with increasing concentration of AgNPs. • Observed potent anticancer activity on murine macrophage cell line with the IC 50 value of 57.63 µg/mL. • AgNPs displayed significant apoptotic activity after 72 h through double staining method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microwave-assisted three-component reactions of 3,5-bis(E)-arylmethylidene] tetrahydro-4(1H)-pyridinones, acenaphthenequinone and cyclic α-amino acids in an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, occurred through a domino sequence affording structurally intriguing diazaheptacyclic cage-like compounds in excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of nicotinic acid derived tetrazines were synthesized and evaluated for activity in inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reactions with various dienophiles. It was found that the performance of these tetrazines is governed by two factors. Theoretical and experimental investigations showed that steric effects may override the energetically predicted order of reactivity. Making a compromise between reactivity and stability, a selected tetrazine was incorporated into a deoxynucleotide to afford a bioorthogonalized building block enabling IEDDA-based tagging schemes of nucleic acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A library of novel, highly functionalized spiropyrrolidines has been synthesized stereoselectively for the first time in ionic liquid medium employing [3+2] cycloaddition of a series of 2-arylmethylidene-5,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ones with an unexplored azomethine ylide derived from acenaphthenequinone or isatin and tryptophan. These compounds were evaluated in vitro for their acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Molecular modelling simulation was performed to determine the binding interaction and orientation of these molecules in the active site gorge of the respective receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel dimethoxyindanone embedded spiropyrrolidines were synthesized in ionic liquid, [bmim]Br and were evaluated for their inhibitory activities towards cholinesterases. Among the spiropyrrolidines, compound 4f exhibited the most potent activity with an IC50 value of 1.57 μM against acethylcholinesterase (AChE). Molecular docking simulation for the most active compound was employed with the aim of disclosing its binding mechanism to the active site of AChE receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of novel spiro-pyrrolidines/pyrrolizines derivatives were synthesized through [3+2]-cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with 3,5-bis[(E)- arylmethylidene]tetrahydro-4(1H)-pyridinones 2a–n. Azomethine ylides were generated in situ from the reaction of 1H-indole-2,3-dione (isatin, 3) with N-methylglycine (sarcosine), phenylglycine, or proline. All compounds (50 μM) were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against human breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231), leukemia lymphoblastic (CCRF-CEM), and ovarian carcinoma (SK-OV-3) cells. N-α-Phenyl substituted spiro-pyrrolidine derivatives (5a–n) showed higher antiproliferative activity in MDA-MB-231 than other cancer cell lines. Among spiro-pyrrolizines 6a–n, a number of derivatives including 6a–c and 6i–m showed a comparable activity with doxorubicin in all three cell lines. Among all compounds in three classes, 6a, 6b, and 6m, were found to be the most potent derivatives showing 64%, 87%, and 74% antiproliferative activity in MDA-MB-231, SK-OV-3, and CCRF-CEM cells, respectively. Compound 6b showed an IC50 value of 3.6 μM in CCRF-CEM cells. These data suggest the potential antiproliferative activity of spiro-pyrrolidines/pyrrolizines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is quite difficult to teach complex topics like the physiology of vestibular apparatus to undergraduate students. Understanding the orientation and mode of stimulation of receptors in vestibular apparatus is also quite challenging for the students. As faculty we attempt to use innovative methods to teach physiology and enhance student learning. Purpose: This article describes a simple and innovative method (student-involved demonstration approach, or SID) to teach the physiology of the vestibular apparatus to the undergraduate medical students. Methods: The current study describes a protocol where students engage in role-play sessions in the middle of the regular didactic lectures. Effectiveness of the sessions was later evaluated by using a questionnaire and by comparing the pre-SID and post-SID test results of the students. Results: The posttest score of the students was significantly higher than the pretest score, and this indicates the usefulness of SID sessions on enhancing the student learning in the class. Conclusions: Students also found this method very interesting and useful in better understanding the physiology of the vestibular apparatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The pseudo four-component domino reactions of N-substituted-4-piperidones, substituted aromatic aldehydes and thiourea in the presence of solid sodium ethoxide under solvent-free conditions afforded pyridopyrimidine-2-thiones in almost quantitative yields by simply grinding for 1–2min. at ambient temperature. The synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Among them, (E)-6-benzyl-8-(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine-2(1H)-thione (MIC 2.8μM) displays the maximum activity, being 2.7 and 1.7 times more active than the first line antitubercular drugs ethambutol and ciprofloxacin, respectively, and less active than rifampicin and isoniazid, by 28 and 7 times, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Enantiomerically pure (R)-(1-phenylethyl)-3,5-bis[(E)-arylmethylidene]tetrahydro-4(1H)-pyridinones were synthesized for the first time, and their 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with nitrile oxides affording di- and trispiroheterocycles regio- and stereoselectively in moderate yields was investigated. These compounds were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB) and multi-drug-resistant M. tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Among the compounds screened, the dispiroheterocycle, namely, (5R,6R,10S)-3,9-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-10-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-14-[(E)-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methylidene]-12-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]-1,4,7-trioxa-2,8,12-tri-azadispiro[4.0.4.4]tetradeca-2,8-diene 5m was found to possess the maximum activity with MIC of 0.49μM against MTB, being 9.6 and 15.6 times more potent than ciprofloxacin and ethambutol, respectively. Against MDR-TB, 5m displayed maximum activity with an MIC of 0.49μM, with it thus being more active than rifampicin, isoniazid, ciprofloxacin and ethambutol by 7.8, 23, 77 and 124 times, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The interaction of mobile phone radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) with the brain is a serious concern of our society. Objective. We evaluated the effect of RF-EMR from mobile phones on passive avoidance behaviour and hippocampal morphology in rats. Materials and methods. Healthy male albino Wistar rats were exposed to RF-EMR by giving 50 missed calls (within 1 hour) per day for 4 weeks, keeping a GSM (0.9 GHz/1.8 GHz) mobile phone in vibratory mode (no ring tone) in the cage. After the experimental period, passive avoidance behaviour and hippocampal morphology were studied. Results. Passive avoidance behaviour was significantly affected in mobile phone RF-EMR-exposed rats demonstrated as shorter entrance latency to the dark compartment when compared to the control rats. Marked morphological changes were also observed in the CA3 region of the hippocampus of the mobile phone-exposed rats in comparison to the control rats. Conclusion. Mobile phone RF-EMR exposure significantly altered the passive avoidance behaviour and hippocampal morphology in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: One-pot three-component domino reactions of cyclic mono ketones, isatin and sarcosine/phenylglycine furnishing highly functionalised dispiropyrrolidines in moderate yields are described. The reaction when performed with cyclic amino acid, proline resulted in the dimerization of azomethine ylides. These compounds have been screened for their in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB) using agar dilution method. Among thirty eight compounds screened, 1-methylpyrrolo(spiro[2.3′]-5-bromooxindole)spiro[3.2″]-1″-nitrosotetrahydro-4″(1H)-pyridinone (4t) was found to be the most active with MIC of 1.98μM against MTB and was 3.86 and 25.64 times more potent than the standard first line TB drugs, ethambutol and pyrazinamide respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of novel enantiomerically pure spiroisoxazolidines were synthesized regioselectively by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of C-aryl-N-phenylnitrones to (R)-1-(1-phenylethyl)-3-[(E)-arylmethylidene]tetrahydro-4(1H)-pyridinones. These compounds have been screened for their in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB) using agar dilution method. Among the twenty two compounds screened, (3S,4S,5R)-3,4-di(4-methylphenyl)-2-phenyl-7-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]-1-oxa-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-10-one (3e) was found to possess the maximum activity with MIC of 3.02μM, being 2.5 times more potent than the first-line anti-TB drug ethambutol. For comparison, a series of ten enantiomerically pure spirooxazolines were also screened, among which (4R,5S)-3,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-7-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]-1-oxa-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-2-en-10-one and (4R,5S)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]-1-oxa-2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-2-en-10-one were found to display maximum activity with MIC of 3.25μM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of (R)-1-(1-phenylethyl)-3-[(E)-arylmethylidene]tetrahydro-4(1H)-pyridinones to nitrile oxides proceeds chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectively affording moderate yields of enantiomerically pure spiro heterocycles comprising piperidine and isoxazoline/dioxazole rings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

During the investigation, soil actinomycetes were isolated from Kathlekanu swamp forest and the crude ethyl acetate extract from the potent isolate KF15 was analysed with GC–MS and HPTLC to identify bioactive metabolites. The crude extract was examined for in-vitro antifungal activity on pathogens of chilli; MTT cytotoxicity assay was performed against HeLa cell line to determine the anticancer potential. The isolate Streptomyces sp. strain KF15 exhibited antagonistic activity against fungal pathogens by inhibiting growth and altering growth pattern with increased antimicrobial activity in dose-dependent manner. GC–MS revealed many bioactive compounds and HPTLC depicted metabolite fingerprint. The IC50 of 99.85 µg/ml indicated the high potential of KF15 extract to prevent proliferation of HeLa cells. Therefore, the findings of this study indicate that the crude extract from Streptomyces sp. strain KF15 contains antifungal and anticancer metabolites; further study on purification could help in controlling many fungal diseases as well as cervical cancer in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indium selenide is a semiconducting material that has a layer-by-layer crystal structure. The present work treats indium selenide with dynamic shock waves using a semi-automatic Reddy tube at 100, 200, 300, and 400 shock pulses. The mixed phase of In4Se3 and α-In2Se3 switched to pure rhombohedral (α-In2Se3) at 100 shock pulses and remained in the same phase up to 400 shock pulses due to application of 2.0 MPa pressure and temperature of 864 K. The crystal structure transformation from orthorhombic to rhombohedral was examined using powder X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering analyses, through the formation and disappearance of peaks, the results from XRD and Raman confirm the phase transition. The morphology and optical properties of the material were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and UV-DRS. The morphology of In2Se3 is of layered shape during increasing shocks. Optical analysis revealed that the band gap of the sample increased, changing from a wide to a narrow band gap semiconducting material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this context, we report the acoustic shock wave processing on amorphous Carbon quantum dots (a-CQD) such that its degree of graphitization and magnetic properties are analyzed. Analytical techniques such as the Raman spectrometer, high resonation–transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) are utilized to understand the structural, morphological and magnetic properties changes under shocked conditions. The Raman spectroscopic data reveal that the I D /I G ratio is slightly reduced under shocked conditions and the observed values are 0.78, 0.77 and 0.75 for the respective 0, 150 and 300 shocked conditions. The formation of ultra-short-range graphitic nanostructures is confirmed by HR-TEM results at the 300-shocked condition. The most convincing and supporting results for the enhancement of the degree of graphitization are found by the outcome of the magnetic properties such that the saturation magnetization (Ms) is found to be linearly reduced with respect to the number of shock pulses and the observed values are 0.869, 0.757 and 0.710 emu/g for the 0, 150 and 300 shocked conditions, respectively. The electrical resistance of the a-CQD is found to be linearly reduced with respect to the number of shock pulses due to the reduction of sp3 carbon networks. The formation of crystalline graphitic nanostructures in amorphous CQD is explained on the basis of the hot-spot nucleation mechanism. Based on the obtained Raman, HR-TEM and VSM results, during the shocked conditions, slight enhancement of the graphitization is observed; however, from the structural stability point of view, the Carbon dots have high shock resistance than that of the amorphous carbon nanoparticles, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, and reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles. Hence, the title quantum dots can be strongly considered for the applications of device fabrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Studies have reported that breath-holding duration (BHD) in humans varies and can be influenced by several factors. The breaking point is an involuntary respiratory act that overrides the urge to hold one's breath, preventing unconsciousness. This study investigated the effects of the isometric handgrip test, cold pressor test and mental arithmetic task on BHD and its breakpoint in young, healthy Saudi Arabian subjects. METHODS: This interventional study, with a single-arm design, involved 78 young adults. Before conducting breath-holding duration (BHD) testing, their age, gender, height, weight, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded. BHD was assessed under various experimental conditions, such as rest, during an isometric handgrip test, a cold pressor test, and mental arithmetic tasks. Blood pressure (BP) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels were continuously monitored. RESULTS: The study subjects had a mean age of 21.23 years, with 47 (60.3%) females and 31 (39.7%) males. The mean Body Mass Index was 24.14 kg/m². During rest, the mean BHD value was 29.67 seconds, while it was 26.21 seconds during isometric handgrip. The cold pressor test recorded a mean value of 32.69 seconds, and the mental arithmetic test recorded a mean value of 33.08 seconds. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate a reduction in BHD during isometric handgrip and augmentation during the cold pressor and mental arithmetic tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shock wave impacts on bulk and nanocrystalline materials provide an ideal platform for understanding the stability of the crystallographic, electronic and magnetic phase of test specimens in harsh environments. In the current research work, we display the investigations on the stability of crystallographic and magnetic phases of technologically important zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) at dynamic shocked conditions making use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and vibrational sample magnetometer (VSM). Based on the observed X-ray diffraction results, the crystallographic structure (monoclinic–P21/c) of the title material is intact at shocked conditions, whereas VSM results show reversible magnetic states which follow the sequence of magnetic phase transitions Ferro–Ferri–Ferro–Ferri for the respective counts of 0, 50, 100 and 150 shocked conditions. Based on the convincing reversible magnetic phase transition behaviour, ZrO2 NPs can be a potential material for the applications in magnetic sensors and spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the crystallographic phase stability of the polycrystalline sample of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) crystal at dynamic shocked conditions is reported and the phase stability profile of this sample with respect to the number of shock pulses is drawn from the outcomes of the X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic results. Interestingly, the polycrystalline sample does not undergo any high‐temperature polymorphic phases even at 100 shocked conditions. Note that the single‐crystalline Na2SO4 sample does undergo the crystallographic phase transition at dynamic shocked conditions. Based on the overall observed data, the polycrystalline sample has high shock resistance compared to that of the single‐crystalline sample and the obtained results are discussed elaborately. In addition to that, the present work can provide a shadow of light on the flow stress occurring on materials due to the influence of shock waves with respect to their existing state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C38H38N2O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.3562(2) Å, b = 17.0817(4) Å, c = 15.2368(3) Å, β = 93.539(1)°, V = 2950.1 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0498, wRref(F2) = 0.1133, T = 293 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With an aim to develop more effective and affordable anticancer agents possessing a unique mechanism of action, we designed and synthesized derivatives of spirooxindole-pyrrolidine heterocyclic hybrids in good yields through a one-pot three-component (3+2) cycloaddition strategy. The synthesized compounds were characterized thoroughly for the physicochemical properties by making use of FT-IR, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Further, these compounds have been evaluated for the influence of anticancer activity against HepG2 cells up to 200 µg/mL concentration. The highly active molecular scaffold was tested for the in-depth mechanistic studies, and it was found that the major pathway of cell death is apoptosis which occurs through the induction of reactive oxygen species followed by the involvement of caspases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our synthetic approach for the assembly of structurally complex spirooxindole heterocyclic hybrids was based on an ionic liquid, [bmim]Br mediated one-pot three-component cascade reaction strategy involving 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of N-1-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-3,5-bis[(E)-arylmethylidene]tetrahydro-4(1H)-pyridinones and azomethine ylide generated in situ from isatin and L-phenyl alanine, affording a series of spirooxindole–pyrrolidine heterocyclic hybrids in good-to-excellent yields. In addition to serving as the reaction medium, [bmim]Br also functioned as a catalyst in this cycloaddition reaction and hence accelerated the reaction rate affording the cycloadducts in short reaction time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on using role-playing lecturing to teach neuroscience to medical students. The study involved the selection of 130 first-year medical students of Melaka-Manipal Medical College, who have been exposed to regular didactic lectures in neuroscience. After each lecture of several clinical cases in neuroscience, role-playing sessions were conducted. According to the results of the study, there was active participation from the class, and students were observed to respond well to questions.

• Substitution induced switch between Pictet-Spengler and Eschweiler-Clarke reactions. • The unsubstituted azomethine ylide progressed via Pictet-Spengler route. • 4-OH substituted ylide proceeded via Eschweiler-Clarke route. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ from the decarboxylative condensation of acenaphthenequinone and tyrosine or phenylalanine to β-nitrostyrenes afforded spiro acenaphthylene-pyrrolidine hybrids. The subsequent reaction of these spiro heterocycles with formaldehyde and trifluoroacetic acid led to the formation of either Pictet-Spengler or Eschweiler-Clarke products depending on the substitution in the benzyl ring. The unsubstituted compounds occurred via Pictet-Spengler route to afford spiro acenaphthylene pyrrolo[1,2- b ]isoquinoline hybrids as expected, whereas the 4-OH substituted compounds proceeded via Eschweiler-Clarke route affording the unexpected N -methylated spiro acenaphthylene-pyrrolidine hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel hexacyclic cage-like hybrid heterocycles have been synthesized in excellent yields employing a relatively less explored non-stabilized azomethine ylides derived from acenaphthenequinone and tyrosine with functionalized dipolarophiles using [3 + 2] cycloaddition strategy. The synthesized hexacyclic cage-like hybrid heterocycles were characterized by spectroscopic analysis. Following the physical characterization, these cage-like hybrid heterocycles were tested for their biological activity by means of different cancer (A549 and Jurkat cells) and non-cancer (BRL-3A and PCS-130) in vitro cell culture systems. The results of the study under tested concentrations (up to 100 μM) indicated that these compounds are not affecting any viability to the cell growth of non-cancer cells, while providing significant anticancer activity against both of the cancer cells. Further analysis of in-depth mechanistic study for the cell death indicated that these compounds are exhibiting late apoptosis or early necrosis pathway to the cells where it is operated by the induction of caspases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel cage-like indolizine-acenaphthene-pyridinone heterocyclic hybrids were synthesized in good yields through [bmim]Br mediated tandem 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition-annulation sequence. Four of these hybrids viz. 4b , 4d , 4e and 4j showed significant anti-inflammatory activities against acute and chronic inflammatory models. These compounds also showed significant inhibition of PGE 2 , TNF-α, and nitrite levels in carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema. • Novel cage-like indolizine-acenaphthene-pyridinone heterocyclic hybrids were achieved. • Anti-inflammatory activity of these hybrids was explored. • Noteworthy activities against acute and chronic inflammatory models observed. • Significant inhibition of PGE 2 , TNF-α, and nitrite levels. Novel cage-like indolizine-acenaphthene-pyridinone heterocyclic hybrids were synthesized in good yields through [bmim]Br mediated tandem 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition-annulation sequence. The anti-inflammatory activity of these hybrids was performed using carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema, croton oil-induced ear oedema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models. Four of these cage-like heterocyclic hybrids viz. 4b , 4d , 4e and 4j showed substantial anti-inflammatory activities against acute and chronic inflammatory models and also showed significant inhibition of PGE 2 , TNF-α, and nitrite levels in carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a conversion of the solid-state shape of an amino acid material, namely L -tyrosine, from irregular to rod shapes as a result of its processing of acoustic shock waves, and we explain the obtained results using the concepts of dynamic recrystallization. The initial L -tyrosine sample crystallizes in the P212121 space group with irregular shapes—but when subjected to shocks, transforms into essentially perfect rod shapes, especially when subjected to 200 shock pulses. From X-ray diffraction results, it is also found that the ratio of the intensity of the (130) peak to that of the (111) peak is significantly reduced from 3.183 to 1.298 upon subjecting the L -tyrosine sample to 200 shock pulses, with this latter value matching quite well that in the standard XRD pattern of the title sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Dry cough is a prevalent symptom of COVID-19. During the pandemic, people may mistake this cough for symptoms associated with other respiratory diseases. This increases the risk of individuals with a cough being falsely judged as having COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the impact of coughing in public places on adults' mental and social well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore the role of demographic factors in the relationship between coughing and psychosocial life in public places in the western region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the western region of Saudi Arabia, targeting healthy adults aged ≥18 years. The participants were randomly selected using a cluster sampling technique. Data were collected through a self-administered validated questionnaire to explore the psychosocial impact of coughing in public places during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the questionnaire collected demographic information, smoking habits, cough frequency, consumption of cough medications, history of mild respiratory diseases, and family history of chronic respiratory illnesses. The mean and standard deviation were used to calculate continuous variables, and frequency and percentages were used to present categorical variables. We analyzed the relationships between study variables using the analysis of variance test. RESULTS 288 adults participated in the study, with a 67.2% agreement score. 82.0% of the participants avoided people who coughed in public, while 51.8% felt angry and frustrated when someone coughed in public during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 has changed how people react to coughing in public. Mild coughs can be mistaken for COVID-19, leading to avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the antibacterial activity of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by the marine bacterium Bacillus halotolerans against clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens. EPS production was optimized by exploring different carbon sources with glucose, peptone, and calcium chloride identified as significant factors for enhanced production. The optimized medium achieved a production rate of 0.612 g/L, surpassing the unoptimized medium's production of 0.556 g/L. The EPS exhibited noteworthy hydroxyl scavenging activity and demonstrated hydrogen-donating ability by scavenging DPPH radicals. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed characteristic peaks representing hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, glycosidic linkages, and sulfate groups within the EPS structure. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis confirmed the complex and heterogeneous nature of the EPS, with glucose and galactose residues and the presence of polysaccharides identified. Monomer units of the EPS structure were identified as glucose and galactose, and a prominent peak at 7.942 min indicated the presence of beta-1,5-O-Dibenzoyl-ribofuranose. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing EPS production, characterizing its properties, and evaluating its antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas sp. strains. Further investigations are necessary to explore the potential applications and underlying mechanisms of these antibacterial EPS, contributing to advancements in microbiology and biotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Increased number of identified CD44 peptied compared to the 12 h insolation digestion. • Enhanced proteolytic performance towards a complex of proteins with specific pI. • Desirable throughput consuming ∼6 min for proteolysis of serum samples. • Automated process in the sample pretreatment for online MS analysis. • Long term stability after two months storage, reusability with little memory effect. For molecular diagnostics in modern biomedical research, electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) based on proteome profiling is important. Now a days, sample preparation such as proteolysis and protein extraction remain incredibly challenging and inefficient. Recent sample-preparation methods based on micro tips show promising results toward the aim "a proteome in an hour". Proteolysis at the tip, is still infrequently observed and does not represent the processing of complex bio-samples. In this study, we outline a unique technique for detecting and extracting human serum CD44 biomarkers by ligand–protein interactions. This method employs macropores silica particles (MPSP) or (MOSF) modified with hyaluronic acid (HA). In order to assist in the profile of the human serum proteome, we limitations of immunoassays for rapid and multimodal proteolysis. For effective in situ proteolysis, in micropipette tips, MPSP were designed as nanoreactors with variable pore size and surface chemistry. In MS-based bottom-up proteome analysis, the device as-built demonstrated favourable sensitivity (LOD of 0.304 ± 0.007 ng/mL and LOQ of 0.973 ± 0.054 ng/mL), selectivity, durability (at −20 °C for 2 months), reuse (at least 10 times), and minimal memory impact. In addition, we examined into specific surface chemistries of nanoparticles for the absorption of proteins in serum and profiled the HA-binding serum proteome, setting a new preliminary benchmark for future databases. Our study not only helped establish a new platform for extracting/detection of CD44 and identifying the HA-binding proteome, but it also offered design recommendations for ligand affinity-based techniques for the antibody-free study of serum biomarkers with a view towards diagnostic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]