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The composite fin component is developed with surface fragmentation and molecular deployment, contributing to both molecular areas and surface walls. One of the main benefits of natural contribution is the preservation of good surface conditions and wall temperatures. Composite fins regulate the quality of endurance rate and noise level. The heat flux rate and temperature distribution rate are higher compared to natural controls. Additionally, they facilitate a strong bond between composite fins and radiator pipes. The surface characteristics and heat transfer rate are greater in the fins. While normal fins partially cool the heat rates, the composite fins, with their low heat transfer rate, primarily cool the heat rates from the inlet to the outlet valve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focusing on introduction of hydrogen effect on diesel engine performance and emissions. Researchers are exploring alternatives to petroleum fuels amid a rapid depletion of petroleum resources. As a low-cost raw material, waste can be exploited for economic gain. One might anticipate lower manufacturing costs by utilising lignocellulosic materials, such as Prosopis Juliflora. Prosopis Juliflora, an arid and semi-arid plant feedstock, was utilised to make biodiesel. To determine the performance and emissions characteristics of Prosopis Juliflora biodiesel (PJB), this paper combines hydrogen gas as dual fuel. The fuel's performance was tested using a single cylinder diesel engine. There was no significant difference in performance between the various fuels. Smoke emissions were reduced, NOx levels were increased, and thermal efficiency was improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major environmental hazard in this pandemic is the unhygienic disposal of medical waste. Medical wastage is not properly managed it will become a hazard to the environment and humans. Managing medical wastage is a major issue in the city, municipalities in the aspects of the environment, and logistics. An efficient supply chain with edge computing technology is used in managing medical waste. The supply chain operations include processing of waste collection, transportation, and disposal of waste. Many research works have been applied to improve the management of wastage. The main issues in the existing techniques are ineffective and expensive and centralized edge computing which leads to failure in providing security, trustworthiness, and transparency. To overcome these issues, in this paper we implement an efficient Naive Bayes classifier algorithm and Q-Learning algorithm in decentralized edge computing technology with a binary bat optimization algorithm (NBQ-BBOA). This proposed work is used to track, detect, and manage medical waste. To minimize the transferring cost of medical wastage from various nodes, the Q-Learning algorithm is used. The accuracy obtained for the Naïve Bayes algorithm is 88%, the Q-Learning algorithm is 82% and NBQ-BBOA is 98%. The error rate of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Error (MAE) for the proposed work NBQ-BBOA are 0.012 and 0.045. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has gained considerable attention to provide improved healthcare services to patients. Since earlier diagnosis of brain tumor (BT) using medical imaging becomes an essential task, automated IoMT and cloud enabled BT diagnosis model can be devised using recent deep learning models. With this motivation, this paper introduces a novel IoMT and cloud enabled BT diagnosis model, named IoMTC-HDBT. The IoMTCHDBT model comprises the data acquisition process by the use of IoMT devices which captures the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain images and transmit them to the cloud server. Besides, adaptive window filtering (AWF) based image preprocessing is used to remove noise. In addition, the cloud server executes the disease diagnosis model which includes the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) with GoogleNet (SSA-GN) model. The IoMTC-HDBT model applies functional link neural network (FLNN), which has the ability to detect and classify the MRI brain images as normal or abnormal. It finds useful to generate the reports instantly for patients located in remote areas. The validation of the IoMTC-HDBT model takes place against BRATS2015 Challenge dataset and the experimental analysis is carried out interms of sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity. The experimentation outcome pointed out the betterment of the proposed model with the accuracy of 0.984. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common complication of diabetes, is one of the leading causes of visual loss in a growing population. Thus, it is essential to identify DR at an early stage in order to minimize the problem of vision loss. As a result, the Henry Gas SailFish Optimizer (HGSO) algorithm and a successful lesion segmentation method based on Entropy Weighted and Kernalized Power K-Means Clustering (EWKPC) are developed for the DR detection. However, the SailFish Optimizer (SFO) and Henry Gas Solubility Optimization (HGSO) were combined to form the novel approach known as HGSO. Here, noise from the image is removed during pre-processing using the Region of Interest (ROI) approach and median filtering. Another use of the suggested EWKPC approach is lesion segmentation. Based on the outcomes of the data augmentation phase, Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN)-based DR detection is carried out using the created HGSO algorithm. Along with effective performance, the created HGSO-based DCNN also displayed higher accuracy (0.910), specificity (0.929), and sensitivity (0.909). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiments facilitate the study of the factors affecting the jet dynamics of lobed nozzles in confined and unconfined coaxial flows. Thrust loss arises from divergent nozzle flow. A confining duct can help reduce thrust and enhance mixing. Compression of the primary flow results in alternate expansion-compression regimes that characterize the freejets from lobed nozzles. An increase in lobe height and number does not have much effect on the jet pattern. Axial vortices form due to cross-stream shear and affect transport of primary flow to the minor plane.

A domestic purpose micro wind turbine realised using bamboo blade is tested for the power generation at an interval of two years and compared the performance. A CFD analysis of turbine with five blade system is carried out for an average wind velocity of 2.5m/s and structural integrity of the bamboo blade unit based on the pressure distribution is assessed. For the input wind velocity, a stream lined out flow of 5.9 m/s is found when wind turbine rotates at 300 rpm and corresponding pressure distribution is found to be maximum at the expected location of blade tip as 129 Pa. The static analysis shows a good margin. For 2.5 m/s, the wind turbine generates an average value of 3.8V with 0.25A (based on 15?/10W load). The wind turbine has produced nearly the same power even after a period of two years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytical solution for the tangential stress distribution ahead of a hole is needed for the theoretical prediction of notched strength of brittle laminate using the well-known W-N criteria. In the present study, tangential stress distribution in an orthotropic circular cylindrical shell under uniaxial loading with a circular hole is obtained intuitively with the use of a stress function. A good agreement is obtained for the stresses around and ahead of the circular hole in [(0 [deg.sub.4] [+ or -] 30 deg).sub.s] and 90 deg laminates with the finite element results.

The friction welding basic principle is connecting two materials with the help of friction generated between them using pressure and frictional time. The material used for this is Ti-6AL-4V & SS-304L with aluminum interlayers. The mechanical and metallurgical experimental strengths are investigated successfully. Titanium and stainless steel joined materials are commonly used for different aerospace, chemical, automotive and nuclear applications. The primary investigation of this present work is the connection between titanium and stainless steel with an aluminum interlayer. Initially, stainless steel and aluminum joints were made, and then the aluminum other surface was connected with titanium alloy. Joined welded samples are analyzed with scanning electron microscopes. Welded joint strength and characteristics were determined with the help of the tensile test, micro hardness and impact test. These investigation results were studied and compared with previous experimental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A domestic purpose micro wind turbine realised using bamboo blade is tested for the power generation at an interval of two years and compared the performance. A CFD analysis of turbine with five blade system is carried out for an average wind velocity of 2.5m/s and structural integrity of the bamboo blade unit based on the pressure distribution is assessed. For the input wind velocity, a stream lined out flow of 5.9 m/s is found when wind turbine rotates at 300 rpm and corresponding pressure distribution is found to be maximum at the expected location of blade tip as129 Pa. The static analysis shows a good margin. For 2.5 m/s, a wind turbine generates an average value of 3.8V with 0.25A (based on 15 ?/10W load). The wind turbine has produced nearly the same power even after a period of two years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the method of friction welding joints in Titanium and Stainless Steel with aluminium interlayer coating is created. The friction welding process is a solid-state joining process of dissimilar or similar materials. This friction welding process needs high rotational speed and high forging pressure. Titanium and stainless steel materials melting temperatures are around 1600°C. Welding process which needed high-pressure, temperature and good velocity regions. Titanium and stainless steels are coated 300OC ranges to applied aluminium spray coating method with constant pressure. The source of the aluminium coating is strong titanium and stainless steel adhesive strength. In this experimental project, four different trials of titanium and stainless steel joints have been performed at different speeds and constant forging pressures. Trial 4 connections of titanium and stainless steel made of 2100°C temperature and forging pressure of 60 MPa, friction time of 5 sec and friction pressure of 70 MPa. Friction welding experiments were completed with the help of friction time, forging pressure, rotational speed and friction pressure. Tensile load stress results are calculated by the UTM machine and evaluated the results of design experts with ANOVA table and RSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]