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Background: Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin, white blood count (WBC), Mean Platelet volume, hematocrit (HCT), MCV, MCH, MCHC, RBC counts, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) play significant role in progression of Diabetes mellitus. Aims: Purpose of this study is to evaluate hematological parameters in diabetic patients and compare it with the non diabetic healthy controls. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and similar number of age matched healthy individuals served as the control group. Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin, mean platelet volume (MPV), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), hematocrit (Hct), neutrophil and lymphocyte count, NLR, platelets, platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and LMR were analysed in both the groups and compared. Results: One hundred twenty diabetic patients and same number of age matched healthy controls were enrolled. Majority of the cases (25%) and controls (26.3%) were 41-50 years age group, predominantly male 56.3% cases and 55% were control. BMI was significantly higher among diabetic cases as compared to control. Among hematological parameters: hemoglobin, RBCs count, MCV, MCH, MCHC and HCT were significantly lower whereas RDW, were significantly higher among diabetic patients as compared to control. WBC count, lymphocytes, neutrophils counts and NLR were significantly higher in the diabetic patients, however, no significant differences were observed in platelet counts between patients and controls Conclusions: Hematologic parameters were significantly altered in diabetes mellitus patients can be utilized as cost-effective predictors of diabetic microvascular complications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EGFR activation in colorectal and breast cancer stimulates downstream pathways like Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3 K/Akt, fostering cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance, underscoring its significance as a therapeutic target in both cancers. In the present work, we rationally designed (E)‐4‐methyl‐1‐((3‐oxo‐1‐phenylbutyl)amino)‐4‐styryl‐4,5‐dihydroimidazo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline‐2‐carbonitrile (RA‐22) as EGFR inhibitor. Our research investigates the role of RA‐22 as a target molecule for EGFR, exploring its anticancer potential and mechanism of action across breast cancer and colorectal cancer cell lines. The in‐vitro studies showed its cytotoxic response towards MDA‐MB‐231 and HCT‐116 and its inhibitory effect on cancer stem cells in mammosphere/spheroid culture. The compound downregulates the oncogenic signalling proteins like STAT‐3, AKT, PAN‐AKT, and ERK and also reduces the expression of the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 and increases the apoptotic proteins like Cleaved‐PARP, Cleaved‐Caspase‐3, and Cleaved‐Caspase‐9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thyroid gland metastases from nonthyroidal malignancies are extremely rare. The most common primary malignancies associated with metastasis to thyroid gland include renal cell carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer. Metastasis to thyroid rarely arises from primary laryngeal cancer. The presence of metastasis to thyroid gland is invariable and associated with poor prognosis and thus, should be differentiated from primary thyroid malignancy. Hereby, we have one such case of metastasis to thyroid gland from laryngeal cancer diagnosed on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a fairly common procedure and is currently considered the gold standard for cholecystectomy. However, the laparoscopic procedure in the presence of gall bladder cancer (GBC) is associated with the risk of port-site metastasis (PSM). Furthermore, in few cases, GBC remains occult even on postoperative histopathology and presents with PSM remotely. Here, we describe two such cases of GBC with occult primary who presented with PSM and also defined the role of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography in the management of such cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most common metabolic disorder affecting the human population is diabetes mellitus with increasing prevalence globally including in India. Various cardiovascular complications and lipid disorders have been found to have an association with diabetes mellitus. Aim: The present clinical study was conducted to assess the lipid profile and effect of the therapeutic intervention in subjects with diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: The present case-control clinical study included 120 subjects having diabetes mellitus and 12 subjects as controls well-matched for gender and age. In fasting blood samples of study subjects, HDL Cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL Cholesterol (LDL-C), Triglycerides (TG), and Total Cholesterol (TC) levels were assessed using a spectrophotometer by liquid chemistry, and results were assessed. Results: The study results showed that total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol levels were higher in subjects in a study group with cases compared to the controls. Also, a significant correlation was seen in fasting blood sugar (FBS) and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol in subjects with type-2 diabetes mellitus, and no correlation in Type-2 diabetes mellitus and HDL levels. Conclusion: The present study concludes that increased levels of LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol lead to higher blood glucose levels in subjects with diabetes mellitus, and no correlation exists between HDL levels and type-2 diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White adipose tissue (WAT) usually shows negligible 18 F-FDG uptake due to negligible glucose utilization. However, corticosteroids alter the biodistribution of 18 F-FDG and increase uptake in WAT. Here, we present a case of diffusely increased 18 F-FDG uptake in WAT secondary to high-dose corticosteroid therapy for nephrotic syndrome., (© 2023 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.)

Phyllodes tumor (PT) represents a rare type of breast tumor arising from the stromal component rather than the epithelium. Metastatic spread occurs hematogenously, with lung, bone, brain, and liver being the most common sites. We present the 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan of one such case of phyllodes tumor showing cardiac and pancreatic metastases, which are an extremely rare occurrence., (© 2023 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.)

Chylothorax refers to the accumulation of triglyceride-rich fluid (chyle) within the pleural space. We described a case of spontaneous chylothorax in an infant. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed with 99 m-Tc sulfur colloid which showed tracer accumulation into thoracic cavity, and single-photon emission computed tomography/CT (SPECT/CT) revealed leak in the thoracic duct at D8 vertebral level as the cause. We, thus, emphasize the role of lymphoscintigraphy with SPECT/CT in identification of cause and guiding the management of chylothorax, especially when surgical treatment is planned., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Indian Journal of Nuclear Medicine.)