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Introduction: Several risk factors are associated with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). However, there is a lack of literature regarding the cumulative impact of multiple risk factors. To address this gap, we utilized the PearlDiver database, an insurance billing claims database containing de-identified data from 91 million orthopedic patients. Methods: The PearlDiver database was queried for records of patients who underwent total hip and knee arthroplasty from 2010 to 2019 using ICD-10 and CPT codes. Twelve persistent and two transient risk factors were analyzed for their association with the occurrence of acute VTE within three months after surgery. Univariate and logistic regression analyses with odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were conducted to determine the odds associated with each risk factor and the impact of multiple concurrent risk factors. Results: A total of 988,675 patients who underwent hip and knee arthroplasty met the inclusion criteria, of whom 1.5% developed acute VTE after three months. The prevalence of VTE risk factors ranged from 0.2 to 38.6%. Individual, persistent risk factors demonstrated 14–84% increased odds of VTE compared to a 1.2% increase for a transient risk factor (acute myocardial infarction). Three or more persistent risk factors were associated with a higher risk of VTE. Conclusion and relevance: Persistent risk factors were associated with a higher incidence of postoperative VTE than transient risk factors. An incremental increase in risk was noted if three or more persistent risk factors were present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aluminum foam is used in various industrial applications because of its superior strength to weight ratio. The FSP is used here for development of a precursor by processing a foamable mixture into the substrate. The filling of the foamable mixture is done by different techniques named: Buried hole, sandwich, and groove architecture. The developed precursor is then microwave heated for the development of foam. A comparison is made between the different filling techniques, number of passes and composition of the foamable mixture on the distribution of pores, size, porosity, and compressive behavior of the foam. It has been observed that the buried hole is more suitable for foam development owing to less wastage of foaming agent. The decomposed gases were fully utilized by trapping into the substrate. It is also observed that increasing the number of passes and weight % of TiH2, improves the distribution of pores. The buried hole technique shows the linear plateau stress in the compressive test as compared to other techniques. The highest porosity is close to 80% during buried hole technique, and the average pore diameter ranges between 0.4 and 1.69 mm for optimized samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to develop the precursor-based Al foam by deposition of AA6063-T6 consumable rod, filled with a foamable mixture of titanium hydrate (TiH2) and aluminium powder over a mild steel substrate through friction stir deposition (FSD) technique. The AA6063-T6 consumable rods were drilled with different hole strategies ranging from 1 to 6 holes on the periphery of the rod, which were filled with foaming powder of the same composition. To perform the deposition, a conventional vertical milling machine was used. The deposited material presents a fine equiaxed grain whose size is much lower than the as-received material, indicating dynamic recrystallization during friction stir deposition. The results also show that the foaming particles decrease the hardness values of the produced deposits when compared to those of base material. It has been observed that 4 and 5 numbers of holes in the consumable rod are more suitable for foam development and the foaming particles are more uniform as obtained from energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. It is also observed that by increasing the number of holes in the rod more than 5 promote the formation of defects in the developed foam. The consumable rod with 4 and 5 holes shows the linear plateau stress in the compressive test as compared to 1, 2, 3 and 6 holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]