Search

Industrial applications and automation controls are closely connected with heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network (WSN); thus, Industrial Internet-of Thing (IIoT) enhances the productivity, scalability, and flexibility of the operations. However, in many cases such as tracking a device or service localization becomes very crucial to state back the operations at times. Existing literature show a various localization solutions, but they face the drawbacks of high energy consumption, and non-coherence in heterogeneity. Besides, in a WSN-based IIoT, non-cooperativeness exists among nodes due to various system and environmental parameters, which make the system resource-exhaustive. In this paper, we introduce a novel localization algorithm that addresses the above-mentioned problems. We call our proposed algorithm RAnge-free Power efficient COoperative Localization (RAPCOL). Specifically, the use of co-operative beacon nodes to broadcast the information to Base Station and low energy consumption highlights the novelty of the work. RAPCOL uses weight metrics for selecting optimal cooperative beacon nodes to prolong the network lifetime. We also introduce an Improvised Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) that credits in the contribution in RAPCOL. We run a overall nine sets of experiments to analyze the localization accuracy, effect of beacon nodes, sensor nodes, network connectivity, and sensing field, error frequency, residual energy, time, and network lifetime. A comparative study with the existing localization models shows that RAPCOL is 30 % better than the existing models in terms of accuracy and resource consumption. We observe stable performance of RAPCOL with a differentiated effect of beacon nodes and sensor nodes. We also observe that our proposed IPSO 20 % better in fast convergence to the optimal solution. Though RAPCOL localization time is 12 % higher than other existing protocols, RAPCOL's accuracy and energy saving mechanism make it efficient for IIoTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The filament winding technique is the second popular process in basic composite manufacturing processes, which can provide an automated technique compared to traditional hand layup process. The continuous filament winding process is the manufacturing of glass reinforced polymer (GRP) pipes from continuously flowing glass fibre by winding it on an automatic machine. It is quick and reliable technology for making high performance parts. A big advantage of filament winding is that it uses continuous fibres which leads to very good material properties for both strength and stiffness. However, if there is any process abnormality it can cause defects such as voids, delamination, wrinkles, etc. which causes production loss or failure at customer loss leads to monetary and reputation loss. There was premature failure of GFRP composite pipes during hydrostatic (hydro) testing while laying out in the site were received. Two pipe samples, one referred as new or good pipe and another referred as leaked during hydro test, were investigated to find out the root cause of failure. The investigation consisted of field visits, studying the layout procedure, visual observation, microstructural characterization, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman analyses. Visual observations of the hydro test failed sample reveal some abnormal features like delamination of layers, circumferential cracks and white spots, while the leaked or used pipe shows features like air pockets, adherent foreign/ earthy materials, visible fibres and heterogeneity in colours. Adherence of earthy material on pipe's surface indicates that there is incomplete curing of polymer. Microstructural analysis exhibits that the volume fraction of fibres was very less (particularly in used pipe) in resin matrix and their distribution was also uneven. Raman, FTIR and TGA analysis suggest that impure or mixed resin material is used for production of pipe which failed during hydro test. Overall analysis suggests a defective manufacturing process and usage of expired polymer and sand along with non-prescribed fibre loading which might have initiated the failure of pipes during hydro test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cloning and characterization of the complete coding sequence of the Clarias magur SRD5A1 (CmSRD5A1) gene, which encodes an enzyme responsible for regulating steroid levels by converting testosterone into 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), have been successfully achieved. DHT plays a vital role in enabling the complete expression of testosterone's actions in neuroendocrine tissues. The ORF of the full-length cDNA sequence of SRD5A1 was 795 bp, translating into 265 amino acids, with a total length of 836 bp including UTRs. Like other vertebrates, the signal peptide analysis revealed that SRD5A1 is a non-secretory protein, and hydropathy profiles indicated that it is hydrophobic in nature. The 3D structure of CmSRD5A1 sequence generated above was predicted using highly accurate AlphaFold 2 in Google Colab online platform. CmSRD5A1 contains seven transmembrane helices connected by six loops, with the N-termini located on the periplasmic side and C-termini on the cytosolic side. Structural superimposition with known bacterial and human SRD5As showed very high structural similarity. The electrostatic potential calculation and surface analysis of CmSRD5A1 revealed the presence of a large cavity with two openings one highly electropositive towards the cytosolic side and another relatively neutral towards the transmembrane region. The structural comparison revealed that the electropositive side of the cavity should bind to NADPH and the steroid hormone in the hydrophobic environment. Polar residues binding to NADPH are highly conserved and the same as known strictures. The conserved residues involved in hydrogen bonding with the ketone group at C-3 in the steroids hence fevering Δ4 double-bond reduction are identified as E66 and Y101. Our findings showed that SRD5A1 expression was lower during the spawning phase than the preparatory phase in female fish, while the administration of Ovatide (a GnRH analogue) resulted in up-regulation of expression after 6 h of injection in the ovary. In males, the lowest expression was observed during the preparatory phase and peaked at 16 h post- Ovatide injection in the testis. The expression of SRD5A1 in the brain of female fish was slightly higher during the Ovatide stimulation phase than the spawning phase. This study represents the first report on the cloning and characterization of the full-length cDNA of SRD5A1 in Indian catfish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Divide shear assembly in a rebar rolling mill performs the function of cutting rebars into 72 m length. It uses two shear blades mounted on rotating arms, which rotate in directions opposite to each other and cut the rebars passing in between. These blades hit the rebars at a location from two opposite sides for cutting, and their cutting edges gradually become blunt after cutting of approximately 4000–5000 tons of rebars. Replacing the blunt blades results in interruption in operation leading to increased down time and resulting decreased productivity. A thorough metallurgical root cause analysis was carried out to improve the service life of shear blades. Damages on shear cutting blades were analyzed after trimming of 4000–5000T on thermo-mechanically treated rebars. Chemical analysis revealed that the material of the shear blade was AISI D2, which is a widely used material for cutting of rebars in cold conditions. AISI D2 is a high carbon grade with high Cr content. Microstructural examination revealed large fraction of coarse carbides in tempered martensitic matrix. However, excessive number of coarse carbides imparts brittleness which can limit its applications under severe conditions. The used blade exhibited chipping off materials at the cutting edge in brittle manner. The damaged blades and subsurface damage were examined using Profilometer, SEM, XRD and other metallography techniques. After detailed metallurgical investigation new material was developed to improve the (performance) of the cold shear blades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In real-time and mission-critical applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), such as military, the location of monitored objects must only be informed by sensor nodes to the base station, remaining anonymous to the rest of the network. However, preserving source location privacy is a challenging task due to the open nature of WSNs. Several methods have been proposed to address this issue, including anonymity-based, obfuscation-based, and policy-based methods. Anonymity-based methods are unsuitable for protecting position privacy, obfuscation-based methods are unable to protect identity, and policy-based methods are appropriate for all location privacy categories but challenging for end-users to understand and manage. These methods take into account different assumptions about attackers, energy consumption, and other factors in WSNs such as transmission delay and fixed battery and memory. Prior research has focused on one or more aspects of WSNs while ignoring others. In this work, we propose a Dynamic Routing Approach For enhancing Source Location Privacy in WSNs (SLP-DRA) to preserve source location privacy by dynamically selecting a path and injecting fake messages into the network. The dynamic selection of a route for transmitting real messages from the source sensor node to the base station, in the presence of fake packets, successfully confuses the attacker about the exact location of the monitored object in the network. The simulated results are compared using commonly used performance metrics of WSNs such as energy usage, transmission delay, security, and network lifetime. The comparative results show that SLP-DRA enhances the security level in preserving source location privacy compared to other techniques without compromising network lifetime, transmission delay, or energy consumption. We validate that SLP-DRA is robust against commonly used attacks, such as hop-by-hop and backtracking attacks, in finding the source location in WSNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In heterogeneous access network, Multiple‐Input Multiple‐Output (MIMO) radio‐over‐fiber (RoF) system is an efficient approach for multiple signal transmission with low cost and complexity. The performance of RoF fronthaul system in MIMO system will be varied with different nonlinear effects. By adjusting various transmission parameters, such as the input signal power or the laser bias current, the nonlinear impacts produced by the RoF system can be reduced. In this paper, a novel algorithm Improved Aquila Optimization (IAO) is proposed to optimize transmission circumstances of MIMO RoF system. It determines the appropriate bias current for both lasers and Radio Frequency (RF) signal power in a short period. The input signals are wavelength multiplexed with Intensity Modulation and Direct Detection (IM/DD) applied. The carrier as well as transmission frequency is governed by the MIMO‐Long‐Term Evolution (LTE) standard. The proposed system is implemented in MATLAB, and the performance is evaluated. The experimental results show that fast convergence and trade‐off between noise and nonlinearity are obtained with varying bandwidth. In the experimental scenario, the maximum Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) of 1.88, 3.14, and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 3.204, and 2.698 was attained for both quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation. [Correction added on 24 April 2023, after first online publication: the SNR values were corrected in the preceding sentence.] For 100 iterations, the processing time was reduced to 0.137 s. When compared with the conventional state‐of‐the‐art approaches, the accuracy and computational complexity of the proposed approach are improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work describes the s‐trichlorotriazine (TCT)‐mediated formation of highly functionalized ester‐based drugs, namely nafamostat mesylate and camostat mesylate. The TCT‐mediated activation of acids followed by the attack of a hydroxyl group (−OH group) resulted in the formation of ester. The high aqueous solubility of cyanuric acid eases the work‐up process and avoids repetitive washing process (better E‐factor). The present method also avoids using pyridine as a base, and instead of that, N‐methylmorpholine (NMM) was used for the coupling. Moreover, we have also demonstrated the synthesis of key intermediates namely, 4‐guanidinobenzoic acid and 6‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthimidamide from economical and readily available raw materials. The TCT‐mediated coupling provides many advantages in scalability, cost‐effectiveness and environmental friendly handling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this pandemic, providing a quality environment is considered one of the essential objectives of smart wellbeing observation. Therefore, the prediction of irregular events has become a fundamental requirement of assistive or clinical consideration. By concentrating on this need, a dew computation-inspired irregular physical event determination solution is presented to determine the symptoms of COVID-19 by analyzing the physical activities of the individuals at their initial stage. The benefit of the proposed solution is enhanced by forwarding the predicted outcomes and their occurrence within a speculated time on a private cloud database to decide the health seriousness. Furthermore, a dynamic decisive-module is introduced to notify medical specialists about the current wellbeing status of the individuals under monitoring. The real-time prediction efficiency of the proposed solution is determined by implementing and calculating the outcomes on both the dew and cloud platforms. The calculated outcomes exhibit the improved viability of the dew platform over the cloud platform by increasing the prediction speed of 46.27% for 40 and 45.54% for 30 frames per second. Moreover, the event prediction performance is justified over the state-of-the-art monitoring arrangements by achieving accuracy (92.88%), specificity (90.87%), sensitivity (88.26%) and F1-measure (89.53%) with the least decision-making delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we studied the effect of increasing the conjugation in compound 3 on the proton transfer and aggregation‐induced emission properties. Compound 3 exhibited the dual absorption peak at 420 nm and 320 nm, which was redshifted by 50 nm compared to compound 2 (previous report). Compound 3 emits exhibited a peak at 530 nm with a Stokes' shift of 110 nm after photoexcitation at 420 nm. In a high polarity medium, the absorption and emission spectra of compound 3 showed redshifts of 50 nm and 20 nm, respectively. Further, compound 3 displayed the aggregation‐induced emission enhancement in THF/H2O (60 % v/v). Additionally, the proton transfer process in compounds 2 and 3 was evaluated through theoretical calculations via determining the relative free energies of possible tautomeric forms. It was determined that the small energy barriers for compound 2 in the S1 state suggested the presence of the proton transfer process; however, high energy barriers and high stabilization and Boltzmann population of 3.KK tautomeric form at S0 and S1 state for compound 3 discommoded the proton transfer process. Further, the aggregated form of compound 3 (20 μM; CH3OH/HEPES buffer (4 : 1; v/v) pH=7.04) was utilized to recognize Cu2+ ions with the lowest detection limit of 1.5 nM and Stern‐Volmer binding constant of 2.8×105 M−1. A noted decrease in the hydrodynamic size of compound 3 from 400 nm to 40 nm in the presence of Cu2+ ions confirmed the disaggregation with a decrease in emission intensity. Compound 3 was also employed as a Cu2+ ions recognizer in different collected samples with good percentage recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three decades after its first outbreak, the shrimp white spot virus (WSV) is still a global cause of concern due to considerable losses and lack of effective control measures. Several candidate host receptor proteins have been identified, but the pathogenesis is not clearly understood, although the key role of the WSV envelope protein VP28 in virus internalization is established. Here, protein-protein docking is applied to evaluate the interaction of VP28 trimeric extracellular region with four host (Penaeus monodon) receptors reported earlier, Rab7 GTPase (PmRab7), glucose transporter 1 (PmGLUT1), C-type lectin (PmCTL) and calreticulin (PmCRT). The stability of predicted complexes evaluated in terms of binding energy per unit buried surface area ranged from −8.46 to −11.82 cal mol−1/Å2, which is not sufficient for functional interaction. Nevertheless, each of these host proteins was tested by a gain-of-function approach by observing their ability to make a fish cell line permissive to the shrimp WSV. Full-length expression constructs of the four receptors were transfected into SSN1 snakehead fish cells that are non-permissive to WSV. Transfected SSN1 cells and WSV permissive insect Sf9 cells were challenged with purified WSV. After 24 h, the presence of receptor transcripts was confirmed in the treated SSN1 cells, and not in the non-transfected SSN1 cells. Further, vp28 transcript was detected in Sf9 cells, but not in any of the treated SSN1 cells, indicating that none of the receptors were singly sufficient to make SSN1 cells permissive to WSV, even though PmRab7 was a strong candidate that alone showed >85% protection in virus neutralization experiments. For the other 3 candidates, previous reports predicted the involvement of co-receptors, which is confirmed here by their inability to act singly. • Four host receptors predicted to mediate WSV internalization do not individually interact with VP28 in docking studies. • Gain of function studies in non-permissive SSN1 cells show the inability of any single host receptor to internalize WSV. • Results indicate the involvement of more than one host receptors in mediating WSV entry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A (4+1)‐annulation of arylidene heterocyclic‐N‐fused imidazolones with α‐carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides has been developed. The reaction enabled efficient access to a range of N‐heterocycle‐fused furans, such as secondary hydroxyl and the structural parts of drug/bioactive compounds. A unique triple‐role of α‐carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides and a characteristic stereo‐electronic functional behavior of the arylidene N‐fused imidazolones have been explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the transformative role of machine learning (ML) techniques in revolutionizing the security of electric and flying vehicles (EnFVs). By exploring key domains such as predictive maintenance, cyberattack detection, and intelligent decision-making, the study uncovers pivotal insights that will shape the future of this technology. From a theoretical perspective, ML emerges as a cornerstone for fortifying EnFV safety, offering real-time threat detection, predictive maintenance capabilities, and enhanced anomaly detection. In practical terms, ML-based solutions are envisioned as instrumental in preventing cyberattacks, reducing downtime, and improving overall safety. The research contributions of this study encompass a comprehensive overview of ML applications in EnFV security, identification of challenges, and paving the way for future research directions. While acknowledging research limitations, particularly the need for real-world implementation, the study emphasizes the crucial yet underexplored ethical considerations in ML for EnFV security. Future research suggestions focus on Explainable AI techniques, real-time ML algorithms for resource-constrained environments, and privacy-preserving ML techniques, aiming for a transparent, efficient, and privacy-aware integration of ML in EnFV security. By addressing key security challenges, ML can potentially revolutionize the EnFV domain, paving the way for a future of efficient, sustainable, and connected transportation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• C-8 spiro-isoxazoline derivatives of andrographolide were synthesised. • 4k displayed most potent cytotoxicity (IC 50 =3 μM) in breast cancer cells (MCF-7). • 4k increased the production of cellular and mitochondrial ROS, decreased the MMP, and inhibited the colony formation. • 4k also induced apoptosis in MCF-7 by attenuating the BCl2 expression in a dose dependent manner. 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (14-DDA, 3), a secondary metabolite found in Andrographis paniculata nees , has been synthetically modified into a new series of C-8 spiro-isoxazoline derivatives. Andrographolide and its derivatives were well reported for the anticancer activity so herein we have synthesised C-8 spiro-isoxazoline derivatives (4a-l) and screened for in vitro studies against four human cancer cell lines: breast (MCF-7), lung (A549), pancreatic (MiaPaCa-2), and prostate (PC-3). Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited better anti-cancer activities than the parent natural products andrographolide (1) and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (3) for different human cancer lines. Among all compounds, compound 4k displayed most potent cytotoxicity (IC 50 =3 μM) in breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Further, mechanistic studies revealed that compound 4k affected the nuclear morphology of MCF-7 cells, increased the production of cellular and mitochondrial ROS, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and inhibited the colony formation. The compound 4k also induced apoptosis in MCF-7 by attenuating the BCl2 expression in a dose dependent manner. The expression of Cdk-4 was also downregulated by 4k. The overall findings of this study indicate that the compound 4k exhibited significant anticancer activity with reduced toxicity in-vitro and might thus be a promising anti-cancer lead candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• C-8 spiro-isoxazoline derivatives of andrographolide were synthesised. • 4k displayed most potent cytotoxicity (IC 50 =3 μM) in breast cancer cells (MCF-7). • 4k increased the production of cellular and mitochondrial ROS, decreased the MMP, and inhibited the colony formation. • 4k also induced apoptosis in MCF-7 by attenuating the BCl2 expression in a dose dependent manner. 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (14-DDA, 3), a secondary metabolite found in Andrographis paniculata nees , has been synthetically modified into a new series of C-8 spiro-isoxazoline derivatives. Andrographolide and its derivatives were well reported for the anticancer activity so herein we have synthesised C-8 spiro-isoxazoline derivatives (4a-l) and screened for in vitro studies against four human cancer cell lines: breast (MCF-7), lung (A549), pancreatic (MiaPaCa-2), and prostate (PC-3). Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited better anti-cancer activities than the parent natural products andrographolide (1) and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (3) for different human cancer lines. Among all compounds, compound 4k displayed most potent cytotoxicity (IC 50 =3 μM) in breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Further, mechanistic studies revealed that compound 4k affected the nuclear morphology of MCF-7 cells, increased the production of cellular and mitochondrial ROS, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and inhibited the colony formation. The compound 4k also induced apoptosis in MCF-7 by attenuating the BCl2 expression in a dose dependent manner. The expression of Cdk-4 was also downregulated by 4k. The overall findings of this study indicate that the compound 4k exhibited significant anticancer activity with reduced toxicity in-vitro and might thus be a promising anti-cancer lead candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Functions of the autonomic nervous system have cardinal importance in day-to-day life. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to estimate the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. Imbalance in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system is seen to be associated with chronic conditions such as chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and so on. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a non-contact ballistocardiography (BCG) system to calculate HRV parameters by comparing them to the parameters derived from a standard commercial software that uses an electrocardiogram (ECG). Methods: Current study captured an ECG signal using a three-channel ECG Holter machine, whereas the BCG signal was captured using a BCG sensor sheet consisting of vibroacoustic sensors placed under the mattress of the participants of the study. Results: The study was conducted on 24 subjects for a total of 54 overnight recordings. The proposed method covered 97.92% epochs of the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) and 99.27% epochs of root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) within 20 ms and 30 ms tolerance, respectively, whereas 98.84% of two-min intervals for low-frequency (LF) to high-frequency (HF) ratio was covered within a tolerance of 1. Kendall's coefficient of concordance was also calculated, giving a P <.001 for all the three parameters and coefficients 0.66, 0.55, and 0.44 for SDNN, RMSSD, and LF/HF, respectively. Conclusion: The results show that HRV parameters captured using unobtrusive and non-invasive BCG sensors are comparable to HRV calculated using ECG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an Internet of Energy (IoE) solution for providing optimal charging and control of resources in the era of electric vehicles (EVs) with energy trading and security is considered. A blockchain based security solution is presented by considering the IoE as a distributed energy system with internet of things (IoT). However, by inheriting the security concerns of IoTs, IoE also faces the security challenges and is considered here. Hierarchical key generation is used for cryptographic keys, based on lattice constructions. Along with a consensus tailored with Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), an additional smart contract is also applied for utilization of energy transfer. The presented solution provides transparency, reliability, availability and failure recovery inheriting from the blockchain aspects. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first attempt in this direction of IoE-EV interface solutions. The experimental results, comparative analysis and security validation affirm the superiority of the proposed solution over the existing approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning (DL) is gaining significant prevalence in every field of study due to its domination in training large data sets. However, several applications are utilizing machine learning (ML) methods from the past several years and reported good performance. However, their limitations in terms of data complexity give rise to DL methods. Intrusion detection is one of the prominent areas in which researchers are extending DL methods. Even though several excellent surveys cover the growing body of research on this subject, the literature lacks a detailed comparison of ML methods such as ANN, SVM, fuzzy approach, swarm intelligence and evolutionary computation methods in intrusion detection, particularly on recent research. In this context, the present paper deals with the systematic review of ML methods and DL methods in intrusion detection. In addition to reviewing ML and DL methods, this paper also focuses on benchmark datasets, performance evaluation measures and various applications of DL methods for intrusion detection. The present paper summarizes the recent work, compares their experimental results for detecting network intrusions. Furthermore, current research challenges are identified for helping fellow researchers in the era of DL-based intrusion detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a fuzzy computational approach for selecting project portfolio by combining fuzzy logic, Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Genetic algorithm (GA) approaches with the consideration of prioritized selection criteria as per objectives of the organization to make decisions effectively with incomplete and ambiguous information to help in portfolio selection. This approach addresses the issues of the uncertainty of experts in selecting projects, prioritizing criteria before initiating project selection process and evaluating the number of interdependent projects for their maximal values. It completes the task in three stages. Firstly, it involves interaction with experts to extract fuzzy input about the benefits of organization and selection criteria for selecting a project portfolio. The second stage requires the application of fuzzy QFD to prioritize criteria before deciding the project portfolio. In this stage, the paper contributes a method for using fuzzy values in a distinct way for obtaining priorities of selection criteria. The final stage evaluates the candidate projects concurrently based on top priority selection criteria by considering interrelation among projects by proposing a distinct fitness function of GA. The validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated by an example that considers three experts, three objectives of the organization and four selection criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latent fingerprints (LFPs) identification is of paramount importance for national security and criminal investigations. We designed and synthesized fluorescent organic molecule HPBI for the rapid fluorescence imaging of latent fingerprints on various surfaces such as aluminium foil, currency paper, brick, and glass, which did not require any post treatment. The HPBI exhibits a combination of ESIPT and AIE properties and forms green fluorescent nano-aggregates in CH3CN–H2O (1 : 1) mixture, as evaluated by DFT, SEM, TEM, and fluorescent microscopic studies. Spraying the solution of spherical HPBI nanoaggregates (50–100 nm size) on various surfaces resulted in fluorescence display of LFPs in <2 minutes. LFPs clearly revealed level-2 (ridge ending, islands, bifurcation) and level-3 (ridges path deviation, edge contours, sweat pores) details with high contrast and no background interference. The relocation of fluorescent fingerprints on cello tape provides an efficient and clean method for carrying fingerprints to the forensic laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN) is a network of interconnected sensor nodes equipped with multimedia devices capable to retrieve multimedia as well as scalar sensor data in smart city scenarios. With the progress of smart city development, WMSNs are becoming points of interest. The existing research works on the security of WMSNs show some significant centralized solutions; they are prone to denial of service attacks, central failure, and privacy breaches. Also, these solution are having limitations because of their centralized nature.Therefore, the the proposed scheme adopted the concept of decentralization to achieve more effective and ubiquitous results. As per our best knowledge, we introduce the first decentralized privacy-preserving authentication framework for WMSNs to address the energy and storage challenges. We call our solution PRIvacy-preserving Blockchain-based Authentication for multimeDIa networks (PRIBADI). PRIBADI uses a blockchain framework for authenticated communication between sensor nodes and base stations (as a trusted authority) by using certification and access authentication schemes. We elect trustworthy cluster heads based on weight metrics and these cluster heads forward the information to the Trusted Authority (TA). Subsequently, TA forward large data to the cloud for storage, and the information relevant to certificates and hashes are recorded on the distributed blockchain. Moreover, TA revokes the certificates of malicious sensor nodes and eliminates them from the blockchain. We run a set of experiments on PRIBADI and compare the results with the state-of-the-art models. We use the evaluation criteria of detection accuracy, operation, and energy consumption. We find that PRIBADI is 31.7% better than the existing models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesized probe 1 shows ICT phenomenon. • Probe 1 could detect Al3+ and HSO 4 - ions in mixed solvent medium H 2 O: CH 3 OH (1:1 [v/v]) with lowest detection limit of 39 nM and 23 nM respectively. • Probe 1 can be utilized for the construction of a molecular keypad lock. • Probe 1 can be used for quantitative determination of HSO 4 - ion in different real field water samples. Dual hydrogen bonded Schiff base containing unsymmetrical double proton transfer sites, one with imine bond (C N) and hydroxyl group (OH), and the other with benzimidazole and hydroxyl groups has been successfully synthesized. Probe 1 displayed intramolecular charge transfer and acts as a potential sensor for Al3+ and HSO 4 - ions. Probe 1 displayed two absorption peaks at 325 nm and 340 nm and an emission band at 435 nm upon excitation at 340 nm. Probe 1 behaves as a fluorescence " turn-on " chemosensor for both Al3+ and HSO 4 - ions in H 2 O-CH 3 OH solvent system. The proposed method allows the determination of Al3+ and HSO 4 - ions up to 39 nM and 23 nM at emission wavelength 385 nm and 390 nm, respectively. The binding behavior of probe 1 towards these ions is determined by the Job's plot method and 1H NMR titrations. Probe 1 is used to construct a molecular keypad lock where the absorbance channel can be opened only in the presence of the correct sequence. Further, it is used for the quantitative determination of HSO 4 - ion in different real-field water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Naphthalimide-benzimidazole conjugate was studied for selective detection of Hg2+ ions in aqueous medium. • Detection of limit was found to be 7.1 nM. • Mass spectrometry confirmed 2:1 stoichiometry between 9 and Hg2+ ions. • DFT calculations were found in good agreement with experimental results. A chemosensor, 6-(1-cyclohexyl-1 H -benzo[ d ]imidazol-5-yl)-2-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-1 H -benzo[ de ]isoquinoline-1,3(2 H)-dione (9), containing 1 H ,3 H -benzo[ de ]isochromene-1,3-dione and 1-cyclohexyl-1 H -benzo[ d ]imidazole moieties has been designed and found to be selective towards Hg2+ ions over-tested wide-range of metal ions. Compound 9 shows the absorption and emission peaks at 370 nm and 540 nm, respectively. The addition of Hg2+ ions to compound 9 (20 μM; H 2 O, p H = 7.4) prompted the formation of a 2:1 ligand–metal complex, 9 -Hg2+, which shows a significant blue-shifted emission enhancement to 495 nm, due to the mechanism of ligand to metal charge transfer. The formation of compound 9 and Hg2+ ions complex has also been confirmed through mass spectrometry and 1H NMR titrations. The photophysical properties of the compound and its complex corroborated with Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network security plays an essential role in secure communication and avoids financial loss and crippled services due to network intrusions. Intruders generally exploit the flaws of popular software to mount a variety of attacks against network computer systems. The damage caused in the network attacks may vary from a little disruption in service to on developing financial loss. Recently, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) comprising machine learning techniques have emerged for handling unauthorized usage and access to network resources. With the passage of time, a wide variety of machine learning techniques have been designed and integrated with IDSs. Still, most of the IDSs reported poor intrusion detection results using false positive rate and detection rate. For solving these issues, researchers focused on the development of ensemble classifiers involving the integration of predictions by multiple individual classifiers. The ensemble classifiers enable to compensate for the weakness of individual classifiers and use their combined knowledge to enhance its performance. This study presents motivation and comprehensive review of intrusion detection systems based on ensembles in machine learning as an extension of our previous work in the field. Particularly, different ensemble methods in the field are analysed, taking into consideration different types of ensembles, and various approaches for integrating the predictions of individual classifiers for an ensemble classifier. The representative studies are compared in chronological order for systematic and critical analysis, understanding the current challenges and status of research in the field. Finally, the study presents essential future research directions for the development of effective IDSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study was conducted to measure the dimensions of the adrenal glands in apparently healthy dogs for obtaining reference values via ultrasonographic modality. Methods: This study was carried out on 18 apparently healthy dogs divided into three groups of six each viz., Group I, II and III. Ultrasonographic examination was performed in all the animals in lateral recumbency. Ultrasound images of adrenal glands were reported in the sagittal plane and different measurements of both the adrenal glands were determined. Result: Both the adrenal glands were longest in Group III and shortest in Group I. Similarly, the cranial pole diameter and caudal pole diameter was thickest in Group III and thinnest in Group I. The measurements recorded during this study can be used as reference values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel trust-based range-free secure algorithm using blockchain technology is considered in hostile WSNs for localization. The trust values of beacon nodes are evaluated against reputation value, mobility, residual energy and neighbor node list. The blockchain technology is implemented then to share the beacon nodes trust value with neighbor nodes. The highly trustworthy beacon nodes are subsequently elected as a miner for the mining process of blocks so that unknown nodes get information from highly honest beacon nodes to perform the localization process correctly. A set of simulations is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared to the existing one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) show absorption maxima below 400 nm and their determination using absorption and colour change requires probes with absorption beyond this region. Herein, we report a stilbazolium-based probe DMAS-DP, which undergoes aggregation in HEPES buffer with an absorption maximum at 475 nm (red colour) and these aggregates demonstrate a highly selective and sensitive change in their colour from red to light yellow with 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). The LOD for the determination of TNP is 100 pM, the lowest in the literature by using visible spectroscopy. Moreover, the aggregates of DMAS-DP emit fluorescence in the red region with a maximum at 615 nm (red under 365 nm light), which is quenched selectively by TNP. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and other NACs show insignificant changes in the visible spectrum of the aggregates of DMAS-DP, even when present in excess. Density functional theory (DFT)-based structure optimization studies reveal that the DMAS-DP attains the Z-conformation and its dimethylamino moieties form strong interaction with the protons of TNP and are responsible for the reduced force constant (color). This constitutes the first probe where a stilbazolium dye has been used for constructing a TNP-selective chromogenic and red-fluorescent probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present world of vehicle technology is inclined to develop Electric Vehicles (EVs) with various optimized features. These vehicles need frequent charging which takes a longer time to charge up. Therefore, scheduling of vehicles in charging stations is required. Besides, the information of the EVs and its location is also stored by the charging stations and therefore creates a concern of EV privacy. Various researches are going on to solve these problems; however, an efficient privacy-preserving solution is less practiced till date. In this paper, a framework for Electric Vehicle (EV) charging is discussed. The framework uses the concept of Matching Market to identify a charging station and uses the lattice-based cryptography for secure communications. The matching market considers multiple factors to provide the best allocation of charging station and cryptography ensures security and privacy preservation. The use of lattice-based cryptographic hash SWIFFT avoids heavy computation. This usage of matching market and lattice cryptography, more specifically signcryption for EV charging framework are the highlights of the solution and add-ons to the novel features. Overall, the presented framework is efficient in terms of computation and communication cost, satisfaction ratio, slot ratio, charging latency and load balancing index. The performance metrics are compared with recent developments in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As India already missed maternal and child health related millennium development goals, the maternal and child health outcomes are a matter of concern to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study is focused to assess the gap in coverage and inequality of various reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health (RMNCH) indicators in 640 districts of India, using data from most recent round of National Family Health Survey.Methods: A composite index named Coverage Gap Index (CGI) was calculated, as the weighted average of eight preventive maternal and child care interventions at different administrative levels. Bivariate and spatial analysis were used to understand the geographical diversity and spatial clustering in districts of India. A socio-economic development index (SDI) was also derived and used to assess the interlinkages between CGI and development. The ratio method was used to assess the socio-economic inequality in CGI and its component at the national level.Results: The average national CGI was 26.23% with the lowest in Kerala (10.48%) and highest in Nagaland (55.07%). Almost half of the Indian districts had CGI above the national average and mainly concentrated in high focus states and north-eastern part. From the geospatial analysis of CGI, 122 districts formed hotspots and 164 districts were in cold spot. The poorest households had 2.5 times higher CGI in comparison to the richest households and rural households have 1.5 times higher CGI as compared to urban households.Conclusion: Evidence from the study suggests that many districts in India are lagging in terms of CGI and prioritize to achieve the desired level of maternal and child health outcomes. Efforts are needed to reduce the CGI among the poorest and rural resident which may curtail the inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, one critical challenge of cybersecurity administrators is the protection of online resources from network intrusions. Despite several academic and industry research initiatives, full protection of online resources from these network intrusions is not feasible. Therefore, several techniques have been developed that use network audit data for accurate detection of network intrusions effectively and efficiently and are used in network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs). But, most of NIDSs reported low detection accuracy with high false alarm rate and provide a single solution that lacks in classification trade-offs. In this paper, the authors present a hybrid approach of multi-objective genetic algorithm and neural networks for creating a set of ensemble solutions for detecting network intrusions effectively. The proposed approach works in two phases that initially creates a set of non-dominating solutions or Pareto optimal solutions of base techniques and then creates ensemble solutions. In the outcome of individual solutions or models in the ensemble are aggregated using most popular method of majority voting. The proposed hybrid approach is evaluated using benchmark datasets of NSL_KDD and ISCX-2012 datasets for intrusion detection. The evaluation results using benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed hybrid approach enables detecting network intrusions effectively as compared to conventional ensemble approaches, namely bagging and boosting. The resultant ensemble solutions are non-dominating and provide classification trade-offs for cybersecurity administrators. The results also show that the proposed hybrid approach detects both minority and majority intrusion types accurately. The proposed hybrid approach demonstrated a detection accuracy of 97% and 88% with FPR of 2.4% and 2% for ISCX-2012 and NSL_KDD datasets, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present two ZnII‐ and CdII‐based coordination polymers (CPs), L‐Zn and L‐Cd, offering H‐bonding‐based cavities of varying dimensions. Both CPs were used for the highly selective detection of S2O72− and Fe3+ ions where H‐bonding based cavities played an important role. Fluorescence quenching, competitive binding studies and binding parameters substantiated significant recognition of S2O72− and Fe3+ ions by both CPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Localization is one of the most crucial part in wireless sensor networks, as various applications require accurate location of the sensor nodes. Although many algorithms have been proposed for precise location estimation, few studies have considered node mobility along with energy consumption. An advanced DV-Hop localization algorithm with minimum energy-efficient connected dominating set (MEECDS) is proposed in the present study. Initially, MEECDS is constructed as a virtual backbone by dominating set for energy-efficient localization. The beacon nodes are then prioritized based on their residual energy and degree of connectivity to unknown nodes. The hop-size of the beacon nodes is improved by adding a correction factor in the proposed algorithm. We also consider the location errors caused by collinear beacon nodes, and the concept of collinearity is introduced to reduce the localization errors. The simulation is performed using Matlab, and the proposed algorithm is scrutinized for localization error and least energy consumption thoroughly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the synthesis and characterization of two Cu(ii)-based coordination polymers prepared by utilizing two different Co(iii)-based metalloligands offering appended arylcarboxylic acid groups. Both coordination polymers are three-dimensional in nature and present pores and channels filled with water molecules. Both coordination polymers function as heterogeneous catalysts for the epoxidation of various olefins using O2 while employing isobutyraldehyde as the coreductor and for peroxide-mediated oxidation of assorted benzyl alcohols. The catalytic results illustrate efficient oxidation reactions, whereas the hot-fltration test and leaching experiments indicate the true heterogeneous nature of the catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the synthesis of probe 2 for the fluorescence “turn-on” detection of Al3+ ions in CH3OH. Probe 2 has been designed via utilizing the aggregation-induced emission properties of the tetraphenylethylene unit, with further enhancement from Schiff base units for the ESIPT phenomenon. Probe 2 exhibits emission at 548 nm (λex = 360 nm), with a large Stokes shift of 188 nm, indicating the ESIPT phenomenon. Probe 2 also exhibits emission enhancement via increasing the H2O ratio up to 70–90% H2O/THF (v/v) and altering the spherical morphology to needle shapes. Probe 2 has been found to be highly selective and sensitive towards Al3+ ions over other metal ions in pure CH3OH using absorption and emission spectroscopy. FESEM analysis revealed that the size of probe 2 increases upon the addition of Al3+ ions. Thus, the fluorescence “turn-on” behaviour of probe 2·Al3+ is due to metal-induced aggregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Stall-fed goats reared mainly on cereal rich concentrate mixture can develop fibrous osteodystrophy (FO). • Decreased Ca:P ratio and elevated ALP activity in view of clinical signs are diagnostic markers of FO in goats. • Biochemical analysis along with radiological examination could confirm FO in goats. Abstract Fibrous osteodystrophy (FO), a metabolic bone disorder, has been reported in different animal species with variable susceptibility. Albeit, it is commonly reported in horses, the clinical disease is also recorded globally in goats. Diagnosis of fibrous osteodystrophy is mainly based on various clinical examination methods including biochemical alterations which can be adopted as routine diagnostic method. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate calcium: phosphorus (Ca:P) ratio and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity as biochemical diagnostic markers in goats diagnosed for fibrous osteodystrophy by clinical and radiological examinations. Blood samples were obtained from 11 goats diagnosed to have clinical fibrous osteodystrophy and 10 healthy goats, and used for harvesting serum. Goats with fibrous osteodystrophy revealed markedly elevated serum phosphorus level and ALP activity, and lowered calcium level in comparison to healthy goats. Remarkably lower serum Ca:P ratio was also observed in diseased goats. Radiological examination of skull of diseased goats revealed radio-lucent areas on the mandible as well as the upper jaw. In conclusion, marked reduction in Ca:P ratio and elevation in ALP activity could be promising biochemical diagnostic marker of fibrous osteodystrophy in goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel acrylonitrile embedded benzimidazole-based probe 3 has been designed and synthesized by conjugating anthraquinone with 2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)acetonitrile. The probe 3 potentially detects CN − ions in H 2 O/CH 3 CN (1:9; v/v), solid state, and plasma-like solution via chromo and fluorometric approach. The probe 3 displayed an absorption redshift from 415 nm to 472 nm and emission redshift from 510 nm to 610 nm in the presence of CN − ions, in H 2 O/CH 3 CN (1:9; v/v). The probe 3 displayed colour change from yellow to orange along with red emission in the presence of CN − ions. The probe 3 showed very low detection limit of 37 × 10 −9  M. Furthermore, probe 3 is also utilized as a portable paper strip for on-site detection of CN − ions. The 1 H NMR and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the nucleophilic addition of CN − ions to probe 3 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) dyad 1 has been successfully synthesized by linking phenanthrenequinone as an electron donor unit and anthraquinone as an electron acceptor unit through a phenyl ring. Dyad 1 exhibits intramolecular charge transfer and this is a key factor for the detection of Hg2+ and of the pyrophosphate ion (P2O74−, PPi) in a semi-aqueous medium. Dyad 1 exhibits absorption peaks at 430, 370, and 337 nm and an emission peak at 530 nm (λex = 430 nm). Dyad 1 exhibits a new absorption peak at 390 nm ratiometrically along with emission quenching in the presence of Hg2+ ions while the presence of PPi results in drastic ratiometric changes in the absorption and emission spectra with new peaks at 495 nm and 620 nm, respectively. The quantum yield of dyad 1 on complexation with PPi was also increased from 0.1 (free dyad) to 0.69 (dyad 1·PPi). The lowest detection limits for Hg2+ and PPi were found to be 31 nM and 46.5 nM, respectively. DFT calculations have been performed to develop a mechanism for PPi and Hg2+ ion binding with dyad 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzophenone azine based schiff base exhibiting AIE and ESIPT phenomenon has been synthesised and studied the photophysical behaviour towards detection of Al 3+ ions. The results showed that compound 2 exhibit feeble excited state intramolecular proton transfer emission in CH 3 CN and undergo aggregation induced emission in >70% H 2 O-CH 3 CN. The compound 2 shows significant hydrodynamic diameter change from 20 nm to 200 nm upon increasing the H 2 O volume ratio in CH 3 CN. Compound 2 shows colorimetric and “ off-on ” emission response for Al 3+ , with detection limit of 2.7 × 10 −7  M in CH 3 OH. The association of compound 2 to Al 3+ also causes restriction in intramolecular motion induced emission. The hydrodynamic diameter of compound 2 increases from 335 nm to 625 nm in the presence of Al 3+ ion in CH 3 OH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A BINOL (1,1′-bi-2-naphthol)-based probe 1 with a diamide group has been synthesized and investigated for its photophysical behavior towards various cations and anions. Probe 1 has been used for the estimation of Al3+ and Cu2+ ions in the presence of other metal ions, signaling the binding event through the formation of new absorption bands at 415 and 430 nm. Differential emission bands are formed in the presence of Al3+ at 515 nm and Zn2+ at 485 nm, while quenching is observed in case of Cu2+ ion. Probe 1 shows selective estimation for CN− ion among all other anions by forming a new absorption band at 395 nm and new emission band at 495 nm, with the lowest detection limit of 2 μM. Based on these results, the anion/cation as well as cation/cation 2-to-1 encoder and 1-to-2 decoder have been formed. Moreover, a 4-to-2 encoder has also been established by using various cations as inputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work illustrates two Ni2+ based coordination polymers (CPs, 1-Ni and 2-Ni) synthesized using two related Co3+ based metalloligands offering appended arylcarboxylate groups. The crystal structure of 1-Ni displays a porous 3D network having well-defined major and minor pores whereas 2-Ni exhibits a somewhat densely packed structure. Both CPs supported the exchange of coordinated water molecules and the inclusion of iodine within their porous structure whereas binding studies illustrated that the Ni(ii) ion in these CPs can bind thiophenol, a reagent used in the C–S cross coupling reactions. The two CPs functioned as the reusable heterogeneous catalysts for the C–S cross coupling reactions between substituted aromatic halides and thiophenol as well as cyclohexanethiol and ethanethiol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To realise the preambular ideal of true democracy, free and fair elections devoid of any bullying influence of money in electoral politics is inevitable. Money power vitiates the electoral system and has an ailing effect on quality of democracy due to infusion of unaccounted black money which finally terminates into policy favours to mysterious contributors. Besides it, bidding of party tickets, purchasing of votes, cleansing criminal taints from campaigning etc. leads to rigging of electoral arena of level playing field as higher the resources at disposal, higher will be the winnabilty ratio. Though the RPA, 1951 through its ceiling and disclosure provisions strives to curb this menace but more often flouted and bypassed. Supreme Court being conscious of these escapes routes endeavours to plug theses loopholes through its revolutionary pronouncement of mandatory disclosure of assets by the contesting candidates, widening the ambit of ceiling on election expanses done by a candidate, strengthening the Election Commission to observe strict compliance of financial disclosures of candidates etc. Despite these efforts, vulgar display of money in electioneering is kept unabated which needs to be checked by adopting a stern attitude and coordinated efforts of Supreme Court and Election Commission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiazolidine based probe 1 has been synthesized for selective estimation of Cu 2+ ions amongst other metal ions viz., Zn 2+ , Co 2+ , Ca 2+ , K + , Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Hg 2+ , Na + , Pb 2+ , Ba 2+ , Fe 3+ , Al 3+ , Cr 3+ . The probe 1 has opened new absorption channels at 300 nm and 500 nm in the presence of Cu 2+ ions. The ratiometric response has been observed in the presence of Cu 2+ ions due to emission quenching at 425 nm and enhancement at 485 nm that resulted in “ON–OFF–ON” type sensing. The probe 1 has been used to estimate Cu 2+ ions between 50 nM and 15 µM, which is much lower than recommended by WHO in drinking water (30 µM). The probe 1 has also shown selective ratiometric absorption behavior towards CN − ions in CH 3 CN: H 2 O: 1:1. The ratiometric behavior of the probe 1 in the presence of Cu 2+ and CN − ions has mimicked as XOR logic function at λ em 485 nm and YES logic gate at λ abs 300 nm. The sensing mechanisms of the probe 1 toward Cu 2+ and CN − ions have been theoretically supported by DFT and TD-DFT calculations. Probe 1 has been used for its practical aplicability to sense Cu 2+ and CN − through dip coating method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preclinical Research A new series of 1,3 ‐ dimethylxanthine derivatives bearing 8 ‐ (2 ‐ nitroaryl) residue was synthesized and evaluated for affinity for recombinant human adenosine receptors subtypes. Nitrate esters of 7 ‐ substituted ‐ 1,3 ‐ dimethyl ‐ 8 ‐ phenylxanthines were also synthesized and tested. Introducing a nitro substituent at the 2 ‐ position of the 8 ‐ substituted phenyl ring resulted in generally low affinity for adenosine receptors (ARs), selectivity toward the A2A subtype was enhanced in some of the compounds. 8 ‐ (4 ‐ Cyclopentyloxy ‐ 5 ‐ methoxy ‐ 2 ‐ nitrophenyl) ‐ 1,3 ‐ dimethylxanthine (9e) proved to be a potent compound among the 2 ‐ nitrophenyl substituted xanthines exhibiting a Ki = 1 μM at human A2A ARs with at least 30 fold selectivity versus human A1 and A2B ARs. Replacement of 8 ‐ chloropropoxy phenyl with 8 ‐ nitrooxypropoxy phenyl resulted in a negligible change in binding affinity of the 8 ‐ substituted xanthines for various AR subtypes. Drug Dev Res 77 : 241 – 250, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hexagonal SnS 2 nanosheet has been synthesized. • Sheet thickness of SnS 2 has been engineered using CTAB and SDS. • CTAB assisted SnS 2 synthesis have lowest thickness of sheet (∼3.3 nm) • CTAB assisted SnS 2 has lowest turn-on field with high current density. The 2D metal chalcogenide has attracted lots of research interest in the field of catalysis, optoelectronics, energy storage, electron emission, light emission as well as in sensors. These properties arise due to their low bandgap, high surface area, moderate work function and high charge carrier mobility. Therefore, in the present work, we synthesise SnS 2 using the micellar-assisted hydrothermal route. The role of surfactant charge on the morphology of SnS 2 has been also extensively explored. Microstructure analysis shows the formation of hexagonal sheets of size 250–300 nm; whereas the sheet thickness is strongly dependent on the surfactant charge. The presence of cationic and anionic surfactants leads to the formation of the ultrathin sheet (∼3.3 nm) and ∼ 11 nm respectively; whereas the SnS 2 sheet obtained in absence of any surfactant has a thickness of ∼ 76 nm. For the fabrication of SnS 2 film, synthesised samples have been dispersed in ethanol and ethylene glycol mixture via ultrasonication and spin-coated over the silicon substrate. The field emission properties of CTAB assisted SnS 2 to show the lowest turn-on field 4.4 V/μm and a high current density (∼9.6 μA/cm2). Earlier, the lowest reported turn-on field of SnS 2 was 4.8 V/μm at 1 μA/cm2 current density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern vehicles are increasingly getting connected within the vehicles, with other systems, leading to more concerns about security. Controller area network (CAN) has become a de-facto standard for connecting internal vehicles' components. However, it lacks security features. Conventional security mechanisms fail to protect in-vehicle networks from attacks, requiring the development of an effective intrusion detection system (IDS). This work develops an IDS for in-vehicle networks called IDS-IVN based on a compact representation of location invariant and time-variant traffic features using deep learning. The IDS-IVN uses convolutional neural and long–short-term memory networks as encoder/decoder functions of autoencoder networks to extract features from raw data and classify them using latent space representation into intrusive and non-intrusive classes. A benchmark real-time ROAD dataset is used to demonstrate the IDS-IVN's performance compared to the existing methods. IDS-IVN reports 99% accuracy with a 0.32% low false-positive rate for detecting intrusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Interplay of AIE and ESIPT phenomenon on a single molecular platform. • Detects Pb2+ and Al3+ ions in a mixed aqueous medium having LOD of 2.7 nM and 33 nM, respectively. • Detection of Pb2+ in real water samples. • Probe 1 could be utilized as AND, OR, and NOT molecular logic gates. Dual ESIPT efficient Schiff-base probe possessing multiple binding sites was synthesized which is capable of showing Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE) properties. Probe 1 behaves as a fluorescence "turn-on" chemosensor, showing interactions with Pb2+ and Al3+ ions in H 2 O-CH 3 CN solvent at pH≈7. The binding constant and detection limit for all the ions were calculated. The binding properties of probe 1 with all the ions were checked by Job's plot and the 1H NMR titration method. Further, the presence of dual intramolecular hydrogen bonding was confirmed theoretically by geometrical parameters and FTIR analysis. The potential energy curves (PECs) calculations for proton transfer coordinates verified that probe 1 shows a single ESIPT process. Thus with good selectivity and sensitivity and fast response time, a highly efficient platform for simultaneous detection of Pb2+ ions was generated using a simple molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rice Hybrid Proline Rich Protein (HyPRP) encoding gene, OsHyPRP16 expression exhibit early upregulation in response to Magnaporthe oryzae inoculation. Here, we functionally characterized the OsHyPRP16 promoter through deletion analysis in transgenic Arabidopsis using GUS (β-glucuronidase) reporter assay. The promoter fragments, sequentially deleted from the 5′ end could induce differential GUS activity in response to stresses induced by different hormones and abiotic stress conditions. In addition, a strong GUS induction was observed in M. oryzae inoculated transgenic Arabidopsis. Based on the insilico and stress-inducibility of D1 promoter fragment against various phytohormones and rice blast fungus, and with no basal activity under control conditions, we rationally selected D1 promoter fragment to drive the expression of a major rice blast resistance gene; Pi54 in the genetic background of blast susceptible TP309 rice line. The D1 promoter fragment was able to induce the expression of Pi54 at immediate-early stages of M. oryzae infection in transgenic rice. The transgenic plants with Pi54 under the control of D1 promoter fragment displayed complete resistance against M. oryzae infection as compared to control plants. The present study suggests that the D1 fragment of OsHyPRP16 promoter is a valuable tool for breeding and development of rice lines with early-inducible and pathogen-responsive enhanced disease resistance. • Functional characterization of rice HyPRP16 promoter was performed. • Deletion fragment (D1) exhibits distinct stress-response with no basal activity. • D1 driven R gene (Pi54) induce early upon M. oryzae infection in transgenic rice. • Early induction of Pi54 impart resistance against rice blast disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]