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Although part-time faculty have long contributed specialized expertise to colleges and universities, their role has shifted away from specialized expertise as they have shouldered an increasing share of day-to-day teaching operations at colleges and universities. Today, part-time faculty provide higher education institutions a flexible workforce and a less expensive workforce alternative. Despite their significant impact, the research literature lacks an up-to-date integrative synthesis of the part-time faculty workplace on its own terms, an object of study unto itself instead of a less-than version of the full-time faculty workplace. In this paper, we summarize key themes from the existing research literature most relevant to the part-time faculty workplace, with attention to both the technical components of the workplace and the socio-cultural dimensions of part-time faculty members’ daily work experiences.

Academic drift has been a central concept in the study of higher education for the past half-century, with higher education scholarship locating the phenomenon in fieldwide status competition dynamics stemming from the postwar massification and neoliberalization of higher education. In this paper, I explore the origins and evolution of academic drift at the California State University (CSU) system between 1960 and 2005, finding that its name change from college to university and pursuit of doctoral-level education had endogenous origins grounded not in status competition but rather in a desire to repair an organizational identity breach with field stakeholders. This case suggests that organizational activities that look like they are in the pursuit of prestige may not in fact be grounded in prestige dynamics and that academic drift may be less inevitable and hegemonic than currently portrayed in the literature. Together, these findings advance understanding of a core phenomenon of interest to higher education scholarship.

Academic drift has been a central concept in the study of higher education for the past half-century, with higher education scholarship locating the phenomenon in fieldwide status competition dynamics stemming from the postwar massification and neoliberalization of higher education. In this paper, I explore the origins and evolution of academic drift at the California State University (CSU) system between 1960 and 2005, finding that its name change from college to university and pursuit of doctoral-level education had endogenous origins grounded not in status competition but rather in a desire to repair an organizational identity breach with field stakeholders. This case suggests that organizational activities that look like they are in the pursuit of prestige may not in fact be grounded in prestige dynamics and that academic drift may be less inevitable and hegemonic than currently portrayed in the literature. Together, these findings advance understanding of a core phenomenon of interest to higher education scholarship., Author(s): Amal Kumar [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.38142.3c, 000000041936754X, Collaborative on Academic Careers in Higher Education, Harvard Graduate School of Education, , Cambridge, MA, USA Introduction Academic drift has been [...]

Byline: Dhaval. Gavali, Kala. Kulkarni, Amal. Kumar, Bhaswat. Chakraborty Background: Propranolol hydrochloride, one of the most widely used ß-blocker in the treatment of hypertension since 1960s, shows a number of [...]

Interim analysis of especially sizeable trials keeps the decision process free of conflict of interest while considering cost, resources, and meaningfulness of the project. Whenever necessary, such interim analysis can also call for potential termination or appropriate modification in sample size, study design, and even an early declaration of success. Given the extraordinary size and complexity today, this rational approach helps to analyze and predict the outcomes of a clinical trial that incorporate what is learned during the course of a study or a clinical development program. Such approach can also fill the gap by directing the resources toward relevant and optimized clinical trials between unmet medical needs and interventions being tested currently rather than fulfilling only business and profit goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical research operates in a strictly regulated environment under various management models, but a distinct management model of clinical trial (CT) still needs exploration and research. Critical path analysis (CPA) is a management approach can be used for monitoring, analysis, and prediction of success of its time-bound operational activities. A model CT was compiled with 78 activities, which were further merged into 35 major activities. After performing dependence analysis, the list was finalized with 25 activities which were taken in activity predecessor to create a network diagram and perform CPA considering patients, conduct, and outcome. Activities were inclusive, described the trial entirely with accuracy, and were in chronological and logical sequences. This approach does not replace an understanding of or adherence to the requirements contained in all applicable regulations, guidelines or standard operating procedures governing clinical studies but ensures the proper use of operational and decisional approaches including optimal resource management. As the need to meet deadlines becomes more important and the need to produce good, stable project plans, CPA is very useful for determining activities that can lead to project delay. With this approach, project may be effectively monitored, and realistic schedules can be maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic activity of 3d-transition-metal-based electrocatalysts has exhibited considerable enhancements in electrocatalytic water splitting via pioneering modulations in the active sites. To overcome the energy loss because of the mechanic steps involved in a complex oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the electrode surface with only a few layers would be an advantage over multilayers for the ease of the electrolyte interaction and gas evolution. Here, for the first time, thin films of CoS 2 are prepared on a carbon cloth via a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique via layer-by-layer deposition of Ni that tend to give Ni-CoS 2 thin films. Based on varying the ablation of metallic Ni followed by CoS 2 as a layer-by-layer assembly using PLD, three catalysts, namely, Ni5-CoS 2 , Ni10-CoS 2 , and Ni15-CoS 2 , were prepared. In OER, to achieve a benchmarking current density of 10 mA cm -2 in 1 M KOH, Ni10-CoS 2 required a lesser overpotential of 304 mV, whereas others, namely, Ni5-CoS 2 , Ni15-CoS 2 , and CoS 2 , required overpotentials of 328, 336, and 373 mV, respectively, to attain the same current density. The charge transfer kinetics associated with all of the catalysts were analyzed, and the corresponding Tafel slope values for Ni5-CoS 2 and Ni10-CoS 2 were 75 and 98 mV/dec, respectively, ensuring the facile transfer of electrons at the interface. The assistance of metallic Ni sites also ensured stability for long-term applications. These findings will give a way for other earth-abundant catalysts for the increased electrocatalytic activity toward energy needs in future.