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It has been conducted a research of the isolation and identification of chemical compound from the spons in Sulawesi sea waters. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify chemical compound from spons Cliona celata in Sulawesi sea waters.  Isolation was carried out by extraction with ethanol 70% and partitioning with ethyl acetate. The separation was carried out using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography. Identification of  structure of the compound was done by mass spectrophotometry gas chromatography technique. The isolation results obtained the ethyl acetate fraction eluate vial-123 (0.2 mg) was determined as a compound with the proposed 2-methyl-1,3,5-trioxane.

Indonesia is the second largest contributor of plastic waste in the world. Lack of public knowledge about the negative effects of plastic waste and the management of plastic waste that has not been good causes a buildup of plastic waste. This study aims to convert LDPE plastic waste into a liquid similar to petroleum, separate and analyze the chemical components present in the liquid produced by the distillation of dry plastic waste. Plastic waste is dry distilled at temperatures up to 300 oC, without solvents involved. Liquid distilled from a distillation of dry distillation (Fractionation) to separate the chemical components. To find out what chemical components are present, the resulting liquid from multilevel distillation (Fractionation) was analyzed by means of Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of IR analysis on the LDPE plastic waste fractionation distillation fluid showed the presence of Aromatic, Alkane and Alkene functional groups. The results of GC-MS analysis on the LDPE plastic waste fractionation distillation fluid for each fraction showed that in general it is a group of hydrocarbon compounds with different molecular masses.

Agglutinin or lectin is a protein or glycoprotein that binds saccharide specifically.  The substance can agglutinate cells, because of the cells surfaces consist of saccha- rides.  Halymenia durvillaei, Laurencia obtusa and Ulva fasciata, contain agglutinin.  Cells agglutination by agglutinin can be inhibited by specific saccharide which is its specific sugar.  This research aims to determine the specific sugar of agglutinin from Halymenia durvil laei, Laurencia obtusa and Ulva fasciata seaweeds.  The researched shows that specific sugar on agglutinin of Laurencia obtusa is D-Glucosamine, and Ulva fasciata is D(+)-Glucose., Aglutinin atau lektin adalah protein atau glikoprotein yang mengikat gula secara spesifik.  Substans tersebut dapat mengaglutinasi sel karena permukaan sel terdiri atas gula atau sakarida. Halymenia durvillaei, Laurencia obtusa dan Ulva fasciata mengandung aglutinin. Aglutinasi sel oleh aglutinin dapat dihambat oleh gula tertentu yang merupakan gula spesifiknya.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jenis gula spesifik pada aglutinin dari rumput laut Halymenia durvillaei, Laurencia obtusa dan Ulva fasciata.  Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa gula spesifik pada agglutinin dari ekstrak Laurencia obtusa adalah D-glukosamin, dan Ulva fasciata adalah D(+)-Glukosa.

Mesoporous material MCM-41 cannot be used directly as a catalyst, so need to be added metals or nonmetals to create an acidic site. Nickel is a Lewis acid metal because it is able to accept lone pairs of electrons from ligands to form complex compounds. The purpose of this study was to produce mesoporous material Ni/MCM-41 and to see the effect of the addition Nickel metal to the acidity level of mesoporous material Ni/MCM-41.Tthe ion exchange method is used to produce Ni/MCM-41 and the gravimetric method to test the acidity of the material. The MCM-41 used for Ni/MCM-41 synthesis has an x-ray diffraction pattern with a hexagonal structure that is identical with the MOC researchers results. BET results is showed the type IV of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with a surface area of ​​Ni/MCM-41 material 775.9 m2/g, pore volume 0.81 cc/g and pore radius 15.2 Ã…. TEM characterization shows the morphological shape of Ni/MCM-41 in the form of hexagonal structure. The acidity test results of Ni/MCM-41 material have a higher acidity level compared to MCM-41. Based on the research data, it can be concluded that Ni/MCM-41 has a morphological form with a hexagonal structure, has a large surface area and has a pore size classified as mesoporous material and has a higher acidity level than the MCM-41 synthesized., Material mesopori MCM-41 tidak dapat digunakan langsung sebagai katalis, sehingga perlu ditambahkan logam atau bukan logam untuk menciptakan situs asam.  Nikel merupakan logam yang bersifat sebagai asam Lewis karena mampu menerima pasangan elektron bebas dari ligan untuk membentuk senyawa kompleks. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan material mesopori Ni/MCM-41 dan melihat pengaruh penambahan logam Nikel terhadap tingkat keasaman material mesopori Ni/MCM-41. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode pertukaran ion untuk menghasilkan Ni/MCM-41 dan metode gravimetri untuk uji tingkat keasaman material. MCM-41 yang digunakan untuk sintesis Ni/MCM-41 memiliki pola difraksi sinar-x dengan struktur heksagonal yang identic dengan hasil dari peneliti MOC. Hasil BET menunjukkan isotherm adsorpsi Langmuir tipe IV dengan luas permukaan material Ni/MCM-41 sebesar 775,9m2/g, volume pori sebesar 0,81 cc/g dan jari-jari pori sebesar 15,2 Ã…. Karakterisasi TEM menunjukkan bentuk morfologi Ni/MCM-41 berbentuk struktur heksagonal. Hasil uji tingkat keasaman material Ni/MCM-41 memiliki tingkat keasaman lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan MCM-41. Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ni/MCM-41 memiliki bentuk morfologi dengan struktur heksagonal, memiliki luas permukaan yang cukup besar serta memiliki ukuran pori yang tergolong material mesopori dan memiliki tingkat keasaman yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan MCM-41 hasil sintesis.

Red Pakoba (Syzygium sp) is a plant endemic to North Sulawesi. This study aims to find secondary metabolites from red pakoba fruit extract (Syzygium sp). The process is carried out by extraction and phytochemical testingFrom the phytochemical filtration results obtained the extract of red Pakoba fruit contains phenol compounds, terpenes, steroids and flavonoids. It needs further investigation the activity and the structure of the active compound from red pakoba fruit extract., Pakoba Merah (Syzygium sp) merupakan tumbuhan endemik daerah Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak buah pakoba merah (Syzygium sp). Proses identifikasi dilakukan dengan ekstraksi dan uji fitokimia Dari hasil screening fitokimia didapatkan hasil ekstrak buah Pakoba merah mengandung senyawa fenol, terpen, steroid dan flavonoid. Selanjutnya perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui secara jelas aktivitas dan struktur senyawa aktif dari ektrak buah pakoba merah.

Manado Bay waters have a high diversity of seaweed. This study aims to find the seaweed in Manado Bay waters that have aglutinin activity. Seaweed samples were taken in Manado Bay. After cleaned and identified, the samples were extracted. The extract was tested on human red blood cells (erythrocytes) of 4 types (A, B, O and AB) with controls made without addition of extracts. The activity of agglutinin is determined by the agglutination titer of the highest dilution which causes cell agglutination. Agglutinin activity of each type of seaweed was tested at various temperature and pH. Among five species of seaweed that were tested, only three were agglutinated human red blood cells types A, B, O and AB. Halimeda macroloba and H. taenicola did not show any aglutinin activity. Based on the research, it can be concluded that Ulva fasciata seaweed, Halymenia durvillaei and Laurencia obtusa from Manado Bay waters have agglutinin activity., Perairan Teluk Manado memiliki keragaman rumput laut yang tinggi.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari jenis-jenis rumput laut dari perairan Teluk Manado yang memiliki aktivitas aglutinin. Sampel rumput laut diambil di sekitar Teluk Manado.  Setelah dibersihkan dan diidentifikasi jenisnya, sampel dihaluskan dan diekstraksi. Ekstrak diuji pada sel darah merah (eritrosit) manusia dari 4 golongan (A, B, O dan AB) dengan kontrol dibuat tanpa penambahan ekstrak. Aktivitas agglutinin ditentukan berdasarkan titer aglutinasi pada cekungan dengan pengenceran tertinggi yang masih menyebabkan aglutinasi sel.  Aktivitas agglutinin tiap jenis rumput laut diuji pada berbagai temperatur dan pH. Dari lima jenis rumput laut yang diuji, hanya tiga yang mampu mengaglutinasi sel darah merah manusia golongan A, B, O dan AB.  Halimeda makroloba dan H. taenicola tidak menunjukkan adanya aktivitas aglutinin. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa rumput laut jenis Ulva fasciata, Halymenia durvillaei dan Laurencia obtusa dari perairan teluk Manado memiliki aktivitas agglutinin.