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OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis and treatment of sepsis are costly to healthcare services, and it is an important disease with high mortality rates. In the pathogenesis of sepsis, for which we still cannot provide a complete cure, there is increased cytokine release and organ damage. Hydroxyurea has been shown to reduce leukocyte counts, decrease inflammatory cytokines, and limit organ inflammation in ischemia-reperfusion models. This study aimed to evaluate leukocyte counts, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) cytokine values and organ inflammatory processes in hydroxyurea-treated rats with an experimental sepsis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After ethical approval, rats were randomly divided into three groups, c ontrol (n= 7), s epsis (n= 7), a nd h ydroxyurea (n= 7). Sepsis was created using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method in rats other than in the control group. Rats in the hydroxyurea group received hydroxyurea (200 mg/kg) intragastrically, and the control and sepsis groups received sterile distilled water. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were measured at 0, 8, and 24 hours after CLP in all rats. Blood samples were collected at the time of sacrification 24 hours after CLP and analyzed for the complete blood count. Tissue specimens were taken for histopathologic examination. RESULTS: Cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), white blood cell counts, and tissue damage were increased after the sepsis model in rats. It was found that the cytokine levels at the 8th hour, white blood cell count, and brain tissue damage in the hydroxyurea group were decreased significantly compared with the sepsis group. CONCLUSIONS: Early hydroxyurea treatment in rats with sepsis decreases proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) levels and thus reduces brain damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the opioid consumption of patients who receive a rhomboid intercostal block (RIB) or a pectoral nerve (PECS) block after unilateral modified radical mastectomy (MRM) surgery is less than that of patients who receive local anesthetic infiltration., Methods: Eighty-one female patients aged 18-70 years who underwent unilateral MRM surgery with general anesthesia were randomly allocated to three groups. The first group received an RIB with 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine on completion of the surgery, and the second received a PECS block with the same volume and concentration of local anesthetic. In the third (control) group, local infiltration was applied to the wound site with 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine at the end of the surgery. The patients' total tramadol consumption, quality of recovery (QoR), postoperative pain scores, and sleep quality were evaluated in the first 24 h postoperatively., Results: Both the RIB (58.3 ± 22.8 mg) and PECS (68.3 ± 21.2 mg) groups had significantly lower tramadol consumption compared to the control group (92.5 ± 25.6 mg) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Higher QoR scores were observed in the RIB and PECS groups than the control group at 6 h post-surgery. The lowest pain values were observed in the RIB group. The sleep quality of the patients in the RIB and PECS groups was better than that of the control group (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Compared to local anesthetic infiltration, the RIB and PECS blocks applied as part of multimodal analgesia in MRM surgery reduced opioid consumption in the first 24 h and improved the quality of recovery in the early period., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists.)