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This work uses green sustainable reactions twice. Firstly, it is microwave synthesis: 2,4,6‐tribiphenyl‐4‐yl‐1,3,5‐triazine and similar compounds were prepared in a closed microwave reactor in n‐octane by the Friedel‐Crafts reaction. Second, a hybrid electrocatalyst for the highly demanded electrochemical reaction of nitrate reduction to ammonia (NO3RR) was prepared based on this material. This reaction has great potential to replace the energy‐intensive Haber‐Bosch process, and in addition, has independent value for the elimination of nitrate contamination of water resources. As shown in the work, microwave synthesis is an eco‐friendly method for the synthesis of complex organic compounds; fast, selective and with a high yield of the target product. The electrocatalyst deposited on the graphite electrode consisted of a layer of 2,4‐bis([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)‐6‐hydroxy‐1,3,5‐triazine and related compounds coated with cobalt oxide. The hybrid catalyst was firmly retained on the graphite electrode during NO3RR and the material showed impressive stability with almost no decrease in catalytic activity even after the fifth cycle. Both 2,4‐bis([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)‐6‐hydroxy‐1,3,5‐triazine and the catalyst based on this substance were characterized by SEM, XPS, XRD, UV‐vis spectra, cyclic (and linear) voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. This work can serve as a starting point for the development of stable and durable electrocatalysts for NO3RR using triazine derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this short perspective review is to summarize the recent literature on the main trends in the use of polymer ionic liquids (PILs) published in the period from 2021 to 2023. Only the most promising areas that will play crucial roles in the very near future are considered. These areas include, in the authors' opinion, the biochemical and medical applications of PILs; sorption and separation of gases and liquid-phase sorption; solar cells; chemical sensors, supercapacitors and polymer transistors; and catalysts (including electro- and photocatalysts). The advantages of and approaches for improving the efficiency as well as the green approach for the synthesis and use of PILs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibilities and future perspectives of electrochemical deposition of bimetallic compositions and alloys containing Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, W, and Mo are reviewed. The synthesis of two- and three-component materials, as well as compositionally more complex alloys, is considered. The method of synthesizing of materials via electrodeposition from solutions containing metal ions and metalloids is one of the most promising approaches because it is fast, cheap, and it is possible to control the composition of the final product with good precision. Corrosion, catalytic and magnetic properties should be distinguished. Due to these properties, the range of applications for these alloys is very wide. The idea of a correlation between the magnetic and catalytic properties of the iron-triad metal alloys is considered. This should lead to a deeper understanding of the interplay of the properties of electrodeposited alloys. In addition to deposition from aqueous (classical) solvents, the advantages and perspectives of electrochemical deposition from ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DES) are briefly discussed. The successful use and development of this method of electrodeposition of alloys, which are quite difficult or impossible to synthesize in classical solvents, has been demonstrated and confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work uses green sustainable reactions twice. Firstly, it is microwave synthesis: 2,4,6-tribiphenyl-4-yl-1,3,5-triazine and similar compounds were prepared in a closed microwave reactor in n-octane by the Friedel-Crafts reaction. Second, a hybrid electrocatalyst for the highly demanded electrochemical reaction of nitrate reduction to ammonia (NO 3 RR) was prepared based on this material. This reaction has great potential to replace the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process, and in addition, has independent value for the elimination of nitrate contamination of water resources. As shown in the work, microwave synthesis is an eco-friendly method for the synthesis of complex organic compounds; fast, selective and with a high yield of the target product. The electrocatalyst deposited on the graphite electrode consisted of a layer of 2,4-bis([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-6-hydroxy-1,3,5-triazine and related compounds coated with cobalt oxide. The hybrid catalyst was firmly retained on the graphite electrode during NO 3 RR and the material showed impressive stability with almost no decrease in catalytic activity even after the fifth cycle. Both 2,4-bis([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-6-hydroxy-1,3,5-triazine and the catalyst based on this substance were characterized by SEM, XPS, XRD, UV-vis spectra, cyclic (and linear) voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. This work can serve as a starting point for the development of stable and durable electrocatalysts for NO 3 RR using triazine derivatives., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The green and sustainable electrocatalytic conversion of nitrogen-containing compounds to ammonia is currently in high demand in order to replace the eco-unfriendly Haber-Bosch process. Model catalysts for the nitrate reduction reaction were obtained by electrodeposition of metal Co, Fe, and bimetallic Fe/Co nanoparticles from aqueous solutions onto a graphite substrate. The samples were characterized by the following methods: SEM, XRD, XPS, UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic (and linear) voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In addition, the determination of the electrochemically active surface was also performed for all electrocatalysts. The best electrocatalyst was a sample containing Fe-nanoparticles on the layer of Co-nanoparticles, which showed a Faradaic efficiency of 58.2% (E = -0.785 V vs. RHE) at an ammonia yield rate of 14.6 μmol h -1 cm -2 (at ambient condition). An opinion was expressed to elucidate the mechanism of coordinated electrocatalytic action of a bimetallic electrocatalyst. This work can serve primarily as a starting point for future investigations on electrocatalytic conversion reactions to ammonia using model catalysts of the proposed type.