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The complex relationship between international and municipal law has been the bone of significant scholarly contention. In the Indian context, despite a formal commitment to dualism, courts have effected an interpretive shift towards monism by espousing incorporation of international law. The case of Mohammad Salimullah v. Union of India, which involves the issue of deportation of Rohingya refugees from India, represents a challenge in this regard owing to the lack of clarity as to India’s obligations under the principle of non-refoulement. The paper uses the Supreme Court’s recent interim order in the said case as a case study to examine India’s engagement with international law. It argues that the order inadequately examines the role of international law in constitutional interpretation and has the unfortunate effect of ‘refouling’ Rohingyas by sending them back to a state where they face imminent persecution.

PhysiCell/BioFVM is an opopen-sourcend agent-based software package supporting 2D/3D simulations for multi-cellular biological systems. It is completely written in C++ and enjoys shared-memory parallelization through OpenMP. An attempt is being made to re-structure the code-base to add support for Distributed parallelization through MPI. The biggest bottleneck in the current version of the simulation package is the serial Thomas solver that is used to solve the triadiagonal system of linear equations resulting from the Finite Volume Discretization Method (FVM) of the reaction-diffusion equations modelling the secretion, ingestion of substrates from cells/agents. Our aim in this project is to replace the serial solver with an efficient distributed-parallel solver. For this purpose we experiment with the Cyclic Reduction (CR) algorithm on a shared-memory system but after understanding its limitations with regard to the problem size, we settle on a modified version of the Thomas solver as our preferred choice in distributed-parallel settings. Our experiments show that the Cyclic Reduction algorithm implemented using OpenMP is able to outperform the serial Thomas solver at a certain thread count on a single node. However, we do not extend this algorithm to support distributed parallelism due to the aforementioned problem. Further, we implement an MPI-only version of the modified Thomas algorithm that promises good scalability on multiple nodes of our HPC cluster - the MareNostrum 4 (MN4) supercomputer at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC). We project and optimistically conclude that for large problem sizes and a high core count, the parallel modified Thomas algorithm can offer significant reduction in the time to solution for complex 3D simulations in PhysiCell/BioFVM.