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2. The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

Author

Librado, Pablo, Khan, Naveed, Fages, Antoine, Kusliy, Mariya A, Suchan, Tomasz, Tonasso-Calvière, Laure, Schiavinato, Stéphanie, Alioglu, Duha, Fromentier, Aurore, Perdereau, Aude, Aury, Jean-Marc, Gaunitz, Charleen, Chauvey, Lorelei, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Der Sarkissian, Clio, Southon, John, Shapiro, Beth, Tishkin, Alexey A, Kovalev, Alexey A, Alquraishi, Saleh, Alfarhan, Ahmed H, Al-Rasheid, Khaled AS, Seregély, Timo, Klassen, Lutz, Iversen, Rune, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Bodu, Pierre, Olive, Monique, Castel, Jean-Christophe, Boudadi-Maligne, Myriam, Alvarez, Nadir, Germonpré, Mietje, Moskal-del Hoyo, Magdalena, Wilczyński, Jarosław, Pospuła, Sylwia, Lasota-Kuś, Anna, Tunia, Krzysztof, Nowak, Marek, Rannamäe, Eve, Saarma, Urmas, Boeskorov, Gennady, Lōugas, Lembi, Kyselý, René, Peške, Lubomír, Bălășescu, Adrian, Dumitrașcu, Valentin, Dobrescu, Roxana, Gerber, Daniel, Kiss, Viktória, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, Mende, Balázs G, Gallina, Zsolt, Somogyi, Krisztina, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Gál, Erika, Bendrey, Robin, Allentoft, Morten E, Sirbu, Ghenadie, Dergachev, Valentin, Shephard, Henry, Tomadini, Noémie, Grouard, Sandrine, Kasparov, Aleksei, Basilyan, Alexander E, Anisimov, Mikhail A, Nikolskiy, Pavel A, Pavlova, Elena Y, Pitulko, Vladimir, Brem, Gottfried, Wallner, Barbara, Schwall, Christoph, Keller, Marcel, Kitagawa, Keiko, Bessudnov, Alexander N, Bessudnov, Alexander, Taylor, William, Magail, Jérome, Gantulga, Jamiyan-Ombo, Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav, Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav, Tabaldiev, Kubatbeek, Mijiddorj, Enkhbayar, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Tsagaan, Turbat, Pruvost, Mélanie, Olsen, Sandra, Makarewicz, Cheryl A, Valenzuela Lamas, Silvia, Albizuri Canadell, Silvia, Nieto Espinet, Ariadna, Iborra, Ma Pilar, Lira Garrido, Jaime, Rodríguez González, Esther, Celestino, Sebastián, Olària, Carmen, Arsuaga, Juan Luis, Kotova, Nadiia, Pryor, Alexander, Crabtree, Pam, and Zhumatayev, Rinat

Subjects
Animals, Archaeology, Asia, DNA, Ancient, Domestication, Europe, Genetics, Population, Genome, Grassland, Horses, Phylogeny, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare1. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling2-4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 BC3. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia5 and Anatolia6, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 BC, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association7 between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 BC8,9 driving the spread of Indo-European languages10. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium BC Sintashta culture11,12.

Published
2021

6. Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age

Author

Patterson, Nick, Isakov, Michael, Booth, Thomas, Büster, Lindsey, Fischer, Claire-Elise, Olalde, Iñigo, Ringbauer, Harald, Akbari, Ali, Cheronet, Olivia, Bleasdale, Madeleine, Adamski, Nicole, Altena, Eveline, Bernardos, Rebecca, Brace, Selina, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Candilio, Francesca, Culleton, Brendan, Curtis, Elizabeth, Demetz, Lea, Carlson, Kellie Sara Duffett, Edwards, Ceiridwen J., Fernandes, Daniel M., Foody, M. George B., Freilich, Suzanne, Goodchild, Helen, Kearns, Aisling, Lawson, Ann Marie, Lazaridis, Iosif, Mah, Matthew, Mallick, Swapan, Mandl, Kirsten, Micco, Adam, Michel, Megan, Morante, Guillermo Bravo, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan, Qiu, Lijun, Schattke, Constanze, Stewardson, Kristin, Workman, J. Noah, Zalzala, Fatma, Zhang, Zhao, Agustí, Bibiana, Allen, Tim, Almássy, Katalin, Amkreutz, Luc, Ash, Abigail, Baillif-Ducros, Christèle, Barclay, Alistair, Bartosiewicz, László, Baxter, Katherine, Bernert, Zsolt, Blažek, Jan, Bodružić, Mario, Boissinot, Philippe, Bonsall, Clive, Bradley, Pippa, Brittain, Marcus, Brookes, Alison, Brown, Fraser, Brown, Lisa, Brunning, Richard, Budd, Chelsea, Burmaz, Josip, Canet, Sylvain, Carnicero-Cáceres, Silvia, Čaušević-Bully, Morana, Chamberlain, Andrew, Chauvin, Sébastien, Clough, Sharon, Čondić, Natalija, Coppa, Alfredo, Craig, Oliver, Črešnar, Matija, Cummings, Vicki, Czifra, Szabolcs, Danielisová, Alžběta, Daniels, Robin, Davies, Alex, de Jersey, Philip, Deacon, Jody, Deminger, Csilla, Ditchfield, Peter W., Dizdar, Marko, Dobeš, Miroslav, Dobisíková, Miluše, Domboróczki, László, Drinkall, Gail, Đukić, Ana, Ernée, Michal, Evans, Christopher, Evans, Jane, Fernández-Götz, Manuel, Filipović, Slavica, Fitzpatrick, Andrew, Fokkens, Harry, Fowler, Chris, Fox, Allison, Gallina, Zsolt, Gamble, Michelle, González Morales, Manuel R., González-Rabanal, Borja, Green, Adrian, Gyenesei, Katalin, Habermehl, Diederick, Hajdu, Tamás, Hamilton, Derek, Harris, James, Hayden, Chris, Hendriks, Joep, Hernu, Bénédicte, Hey, Gill, Horňák, Milan, Ilon, Gábor, Istvánovits, Eszter, Jones, Andy M., Kavur, Martina Blečić, Kazek, Kevin, Kenyon, Robert A., Khreisheh, Amal, Kiss, Viktória, Kleijne, Jos, Knight, Mark, Kootker, Lisette M., Kovács, Péter F., Kozubová, Anita, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Kulcsár, Valéria, Le Pennec, Christophe, Legge, Michael, Leivers, Matt, Loe, Louise, López-Costas, Olalla, Lord, Tom, Los, Dženi, Lyall, James, Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., Mason, Philip, Matošević, Damir, Maxted, Andy, McIntyre, Lauren, McKinley, Jacqueline, McSweeney, Kathleen, Meijlink, Bernard, Mende, Balázs G., Menđušić, Marko, Metlička, Milan, Meyer, Sophie, Mihovilić, Kristina, Milasinovic, Lidija, Minnitt, Steve, Moore, Joanna, Morley, Geoff, Mullan, Graham, Musilová, Margaréta, Neil, Benjamin, Nicholls, Rebecca, Novak, Mario, Pala, Maria, Papworth, Martin, Paresys, Cécile, Patten, Ricky, Perkić, Domagoj, Pesti, Krisztina, Petit, Alba, Petriščáková, Katarína, Pichon, Coline, Pickard, Catriona, Pilling, Zoltán, Price, T. Douglas, Radović, Siniša, Redfern, Rebecca, Resutík, Branislav, Rhodes, Daniel T., Richards, Martin B., Roberts, Amy, Roefstra, Jean, Sankot, Pavel, Šefčáková, Alena, Sheridan, Alison, Skae, Sabine, Šmolíková, Miroslava, Somogyi, Krisztina, Somogyvári, Ágnes, Stephens, Mark, Szabó, Géza, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, Szeniczey, Tamás, Tabor, Jonathan, Tankó, Károly, Maria, Clenis Tavarez, Terry, Rachel, Teržan, Biba, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Torres-Martínez, Jesús F., Trapp, Julien, Turle, Ross, Ujvári, Ferenc, van der Heiden, Menno, Veleminsky, Petr, Veselka, Barbara, Vytlačil, Zdeněk, Waddington, Clive, Ware, Paula, Wilkinson, Paul, Wilson, Linda, Wiseman, Rob, Young, Eilidh, Zaninović, Joško, Žitňan, Andrej, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, de Knijff, Peter, Barnes, Ian, Halkon, Peter, Thomas, Mark G., Kennett, Douglas J., Cunliffe, Barry, Lillie, Malcolm, Rohland, Nadin, Pinhasi, Ron, Armit, Ian, and Reich, David

Published
2022
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9. Moving Bottom-up

Author

Staniuk, Robert, primary, Jaeger, Mateusz, additional, Kulcsár, Gabriella, additional, Taylor, Nicole, additional, Niebieszczański, Jakub, additional, and Müller, Johannes, additional

Published
2020
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11. Interdisciplinary Analyses of Bronze Age Communities from Western Hungary Reveal Complex Population Histories

Author

Gerber, Dániel, primary, Szeifert, Bea, additional, Székely, Orsolya, additional, Egyed, Balázs, additional, Gyuris, Balázs, additional, Giblin, Julia I, additional, Horváth, Anikó, additional, Köhler, Kitti, additional, Kulcsár, Gabriella, additional, Kustár, Ágnes, additional, Major, István, additional, Molnár, Mihály, additional, Palcsu, László, additional, Szeverényi, Vajk, additional, Fábián, Szilvia, additional, Mende, Balázs Gusztáv, additional, Bondár, Mária, additional, Ari, Eszter, additional, Kiss, Viktória, additional, and Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, additional

Published
2023
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13. Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age

Author

European Research Council, Croatian Science Foundation, Ministry of Culture (Czech Republic), Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Leverhulme Trust, Culture Vannin, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), National Institutes of Health (US), John Templeton Foundation, Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Patterson, Nick, Isakov, Michael, Booth, Thomas, Büster, Lindsey, Fischer, Claire-Elise, Olalde, Iñigo, Ringbauer, Harald, Akbari, Ali, Cheronet, Olivia, Bleasdale, Madeleine, Adamski, Nicole, Šefčáková, Alena, Curtis, Elizabeth, Sheridan, Alison, Glenis Tavarez Maria, Terry, Rachel, Teržan, Biba, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Brunning, Richard, Torres-Martínez, Jesús F., Lawson, Ann Marie, Fowler, Chris, Trapp, Julien, Turle, Ross, Ujvári, Ferenc, van der Heiden, Menno, González Morales, Manuel R., Carlson, Kellie Sara Duffett, Veleminsky, Petr, Veselka, Barbara, Vytlačil, Zdeněk, Budd, Chelsea, Fox, Allison, Carnicero-Cáceres, Silvia, Waddington, Clive, Ware, Paula, Wilkinson, Paul, Wilson, Linda, Wiseman, Rob, Young, Eilidh, González-Rabanal, Borja, Zaninović, Joško, Edwards, Ceiridwen J, Gallina, Zsolt, Žitňan, Andrej, McSweeney, Kathleen, Burmaz, Josip, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, de Knijff, Peter, Barnes, Ian, Halkon, Peter, Thomas, Mark G, Kennett, Douglas J., Cunliffe, Barry, Hernu, Bénédicte, Green, Adrian, Lillie, Malcolm, Lazaridis, Iosif, Rohland, Nadin, Canet, Sylvain, Fernandes, Daniel M, Mah, Matthew, Mallick, Swapan, Mandl, Kirsten, Micco, Adam, Hey, Gill, Michel, Megan, Morante, Guillermo Bravo, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan, Habermehl, Diederick, Meijlink, Bernard, Harris, James, Qiu, Lijun, Schattke, Constanze, Stewardson, Kristin, Horňák, Milan, Workman, J Noah, Zalzala, Fatma, Zhang, Zhao, Agustí, Bibiana, Allen, Tim, Almássy, Katalin, Mende, Balazs G., Amkreutz, Luc, Skae, Sabine, Hajdu, Tamás, Ilon, Gábor, Ash, Abigail, Baillif-Ducros, Christèle, Barclay, Alistair, Bartosiewicz, László, Baxter, Katherine, Bernert, Zsolt, Blažek, Jan, Menđušić, Marko, Bodružić, Mario, Boissinot, Philippe, Stephens, Mark, Čaušević-Bully, Morana, Bonsall, Clive, Hamilton, Derek, Bradley, Pippa, Chamberlain, Andrew, Chauvin, Sébastien, Clough, Sharon, Čondić, Natalija, Metlička, Milan, Coppa, Alfredo, Istvánovits, Eszter, Craig, Oliver, Črešnar, Matija, Cummings, Vicki, Czifra, Szabolcs, Šmolíková, Miroslava, Hayden, Chris, Danielisová, Alžběta, Daniels, Robin, Davies, Alex, Meyer, Sophie, Milasinovic, Lidija, de Jersey, Philip, Deacon, Jody, Deminger, Csilla, Ditchfield, Peter W, Dizdar, Marko, Dobeš, Miroslav, Somogyi, Krisztina, Dobisíková, Miluše, Altena, Eveline, Domboróczki, László, Pinhasi, Ron, Mihovilić, Kristina, Drinkall, Gail, Đukić, Ana, Ernée, Michal, Evans, Christopher, Evans, Jane, Fernández-Götz, Manuel, Filipović, Slavica, Somogyvári, Ágnes, Fitzpatrick, Andrew, Jones, Andy M, Fokkens, Harry, Callan, Kimberly, Hendriks, Joep, Kavur, Martina Blečić, Kazek, Kevin, Kenyon, Robert A, Bernardos, Rebecca, Khreisheh, Amal, Kiss, Viktória, Kleijne, Jos, Knight, Mark, Szabó, Géza, Armit, Ian, Tabor, Jonathan, Kootker, Lisette M, Kovács, Péter F, Kozubová, Anita, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Kulcsár, Valéria, Le Pennec, Christophe, Brace, Selina, Legge, Michael, Leivers, Matt, Reich, David, Loe, Louise, Brittain, Marcus, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, López-Costas, Olalla, Lord, Tom, Los, Dženi, Lyall, James, Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., Mason, Philip, Matošević, Damir, Foody, M George B, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Maxted, Andy, Minnitt, Steve, McIntyre, Lauren, Szeniczey, Tamás, McKinley, Jacqueline, Moore, Joanna, Morley, Geoff, Mullan, Graham, Musilová, Margaréta, Freilich, Suzanne, Neil, Benjamin, Nicholls, Rebecca, Novak, Mario, Pala, Maria, Candilio, Francesca, Brookes, Alison, Demetz, Lea, Papworth, Martin, Paresys, Cécile, Patten, Ricky, Goodchild, Helen, Perkić, Domagoj, Pesti, Krisztina, Petit, Alba, Petriščáková, Katarína, Pichon, Coline, Pickard, Catriona, Brown, Fraser, Pilling, Zoltán, Gamble, Michelle, Culleton, Brendan, Kearns, Aisling, Price, T. Douglas, Radović, Siniša, Redfern, Rebecca, Resutík, Branislav, Rhodes, Daniel T, Richards, Martin B, Roberts, Amy, Brown, Lisa, Roefstra, Jean, Sankot, Pavel, Gyenesei, Katalin, Tankó, Károly, European Research Council, Croatian Science Foundation, Ministry of Culture (Czech Republic), Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Leverhulme Trust, Culture Vannin, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), National Institutes of Health (US), John Templeton Foundation, Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Patterson, Nick, Isakov, Michael, Booth, Thomas, Büster, Lindsey, Fischer, Claire-Elise, Olalde, Iñigo, Ringbauer, Harald, Akbari, Ali, Cheronet, Olivia, Bleasdale, Madeleine, Adamski, Nicole, Šefčáková, Alena, Curtis, Elizabeth, Sheridan, Alison, Glenis Tavarez Maria, Terry, Rachel, Teržan, Biba, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Brunning, Richard, Torres-Martínez, Jesús F., Lawson, Ann Marie, Fowler, Chris, Trapp, Julien, Turle, Ross, Ujvári, Ferenc, van der Heiden, Menno, González Morales, Manuel R., Carlson, Kellie Sara Duffett, Veleminsky, Petr, Veselka, Barbara, Vytlačil, Zdeněk, Budd, Chelsea, Fox, Allison, Carnicero-Cáceres, Silvia, Waddington, Clive, Ware, Paula, Wilkinson, Paul, Wilson, Linda, Wiseman, Rob, Young, Eilidh, González-Rabanal, Borja, Zaninović, Joško, Edwards, Ceiridwen J, Gallina, Zsolt, Žitňan, Andrej, McSweeney, Kathleen, Burmaz, Josip, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, de Knijff, Peter, Barnes, Ian, Halkon, Peter, Thomas, Mark G, Kennett, Douglas J., Cunliffe, Barry, Hernu, Bénédicte, Green, Adrian, Lillie, Malcolm, Lazaridis, Iosif, Rohland, Nadin, Canet, Sylvain, Fernandes, Daniel M, Mah, Matthew, Mallick, Swapan, Mandl, Kirsten, Micco, Adam, Hey, Gill, Michel, Megan, Morante, Guillermo Bravo, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan, Habermehl, Diederick, Meijlink, Bernard, Harris, James, Qiu, Lijun, Schattke, Constanze, Stewardson, Kristin, Horňák, Milan, Workman, J Noah, Zalzala, Fatma, Zhang, Zhao, Agustí, Bibiana, Allen, Tim, Almássy, Katalin, Mende, Balazs G., Amkreutz, Luc, Skae, Sabine, Hajdu, Tamás, Ilon, Gábor, Ash, Abigail, Baillif-Ducros, Christèle, Barclay, Alistair, Bartosiewicz, László, Baxter, Katherine, Bernert, Zsolt, Blažek, Jan, Menđušić, Marko, Bodružić, Mario, Boissinot, Philippe, Stephens, Mark, Čaušević-Bully, Morana, Bonsall, Clive, Hamilton, Derek, Bradley, Pippa, Chamberlain, Andrew, Chauvin, Sébastien, Clough, Sharon, Čondić, Natalija, Metlička, Milan, Coppa, Alfredo, Istvánovits, Eszter, Craig, Oliver, Črešnar, Matija, Cummings, Vicki, Czifra, Szabolcs, Šmolíková, Miroslava, Hayden, Chris, Danielisová, Alžběta, Daniels, Robin, Davies, Alex, Meyer, Sophie, Milasinovic, Lidija, de Jersey, Philip, Deacon, Jody, Deminger, Csilla, Ditchfield, Peter W, Dizdar, Marko, Dobeš, Miroslav, Somogyi, Krisztina, Dobisíková, Miluše, Altena, Eveline, Domboróczki, László, Pinhasi, Ron, Mihovilić, Kristina, Drinkall, Gail, Đukić, Ana, Ernée, Michal, Evans, Christopher, Evans, Jane, Fernández-Götz, Manuel, Filipović, Slavica, Somogyvári, Ágnes, Fitzpatrick, Andrew, Jones, Andy M, Fokkens, Harry, Callan, Kimberly, Hendriks, Joep, Kavur, Martina Blečić, Kazek, Kevin, Kenyon, Robert A, Bernardos, Rebecca, Khreisheh, Amal, Kiss, Viktória, Kleijne, Jos, Knight, Mark, Szabó, Géza, Armit, Ian, Tabor, Jonathan, Kootker, Lisette M, Kovács, Péter F, Kozubová, Anita, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Kulcsár, Valéria, Le Pennec, Christophe, Brace, Selina, Legge, Michael, Leivers, Matt, Reich, David, Loe, Louise, Brittain, Marcus, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, López-Costas, Olalla, Lord, Tom, Los, Dženi, Lyall, James, Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., Mason, Philip, Matošević, Damir, Foody, M George B, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Maxted, Andy, Minnitt, Steve, McIntyre, Lauren, Szeniczey, Tamás, McKinley, Jacqueline, Moore, Joanna, Morley, Geoff, Mullan, Graham, Musilová, Margaréta, Freilich, Suzanne, Neil, Benjamin, Nicholls, Rebecca, Novak, Mario, Pala, Maria, Candilio, Francesca, Brookes, Alison, Demetz, Lea, Papworth, Martin, Paresys, Cécile, Patten, Ricky, Goodchild, Helen, Perkić, Domagoj, Pesti, Krisztina, Petit, Alba, Petriščáková, Katarína, Pichon, Coline, Pickard, Catriona, Brown, Fraser, Pilling, Zoltán, Gamble, Michelle, Culleton, Brendan, Kearns, Aisling, Price, T. Douglas, Radović, Siniša, Redfern, Rebecca, Resutík, Branislav, Rhodes, Daniel T, Richards, Martin B, Roberts, Amy, Brown, Lisa, Roefstra, Jean, Sankot, Pavel, Gyenesei, Katalin, and Tankó, Károly

Abstract

Present-day people from England and Wales have more ancestry derived from early European farmers (EEF) than did people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, here we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and western and central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of people of England and Wales from the Iron Age, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to the Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2-6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and the independent genetic trajectory in Britain is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to approximately 50% by this time compared to approximately 7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.

Published
2022

14. Interdisciplinary analyses of Bronze Age communities from Western Hungary reveal complex population histories

Author

Gerber, Dániel, primary, Szeifert, Bea, additional, Székely, Orsolya, additional, Egyed, Balázs, additional, Gyuris, Balázs, additional, Giblin, Julia I., additional, Horváth, Anikó, additional, Köhler, Kitti, additional, Kulcsár, Gabriella, additional, Kustár, Ágnes, additional, Major, István, additional, Molnár, Mihály, additional, Palcsu, László, additional, Szeverényi, Vajk, additional, Fábián, Szilvia, additional, Mende, Balázs Gusztáv, additional, Bondár, Mária, additional, Ari, Eszter, additional, Kiss, Viktória, additional, and Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, additional

Published
2022
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16. Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age

Author

Patterson, Nick, primary, Isakov, Michael, additional, Booth, Thomas, additional, Büster, Lindsey, additional, Fischer, Claire-Elise, additional, Olalde, Iñigo, additional, Ringbauer, Harald, additional, Akbari, Ali, additional, Cheronet, Olivia, additional, Bleasdale, Madeleine, additional, Adamski, Nicole, additional, Altena, Eveline, additional, Bernardos, Rebecca, additional, Brace, Selina, additional, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, additional, Callan, Kimberly, additional, Candilio, Francesca, additional, Culleton, Brendan, additional, Curtis, Elizabeth, additional, Demetz, Lea, additional, Carlson, Kellie Sara Duffett, additional, Edwards, Ceiridwen J., additional, Fernandes, Daniel M., additional, Foody, M. George B., additional, Freilich, Suzanne, additional, Goodchild, Helen, additional, Kearns, Aisling, additional, Lawson, Ann Marie, additional, Lazaridis, Iosif, additional, Mah, Matthew, additional, Mallick, Swapan, additional, Mandl, Kirsten, additional, Micco, Adam, additional, Michel, Megan, additional, Morante, Guillermo Bravo, additional, Oppenheimer, Jonas, additional, Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan, additional, Qiu, Lijun, additional, Schattke, Constanze, additional, Stewardson, Kristin, additional, Workman, J. Noah, additional, Zalzala, Fatma, additional, Zhang, Zhao, additional, Agustí, Bibiana, additional, Allen, Tim, additional, Almássy, Katalin, additional, Amkreutz, Luc, additional, Ash, Abigail, additional, Baillif-Ducros, Christèle, additional, Barclay, Alistair, additional, Bartosiewicz, László, additional, Baxter, Katherine, additional, Bernert, Zsolt, additional, Blažek, Jan, additional, Bodružić, Mario, additional, Boissinot, Philippe, additional, Bonsall, Clive, additional, Bradley, Pippa, additional, Brittain, Marcus, additional, Brookes, Alison, additional, Brown, Fraser, additional, Brown, Lisa, additional, Brunning, Richard, additional, Budd, Chelsea, additional, Burmaz, Josip, additional, Canet, Sylvain, additional, Carnicero-Cáceres, Silvia, additional, Čaušević-Bully, Morana, additional, Chamberlain, Andrew, additional, Chauvin, Sébastien, additional, Clough, Sharon, additional, Čondić, Natalija, additional, Coppa, Alfredo, additional, Craig, Oliver, additional, Črešnar, Matija, additional, Cummings, Vicki, additional, Czifra, Szabolcs, additional, Danielisová, Alžběta, additional, Daniels, Robin, additional, Davies, Alex, additional, de Jersey, Philip, additional, Deacon, Jody, additional, Deminger, Csilla, additional, Ditchfield, Peter W., additional, Dizdar, Marko, additional, Dobeš, Miroslav, additional, Dobisíková, Miluše, additional, Domboróczki, László, additional, Drinkall, Gail, additional, Đukić, Ana, additional, Ernée, Michal, additional, Evans, Christopher, additional, Evans, Jane, additional, Fernández-Götz, Manuel, additional, Filipović, Slavica, additional, Fitzpatrick, Andrew, additional, Fokkens, Harry, additional, Fowler, Chris, additional, Fox, Allison, additional, Gallina, Zsolt, additional, Gamble, Michelle, additional, González Morales, Manuel R., additional, González-Rabanal, Borja, additional, Green, Adrian, additional, Gyenesei, Katalin, additional, Habermehl, Diederick, additional, Hajdu, Tamás, additional, Hamilton, Derek, additional, Harris, James, additional, Hayden, Chris, additional, Hendriks, Joep, additional, Hernu, Bénédicte, additional, Hey, Gill, additional, Horňák, Milan, additional, Ilon, Gábor, additional, Istvánovits, Eszter, additional, Jones, Andy M., additional, Kavur, Martina Blečić, additional, Kazek, Kevin, additional, Kenyon, Robert A., additional, Khreisheh, Amal, additional, Kiss, Viktória, additional, Kleijne, Jos, additional, Knight, Mark, additional, Kootker, Lisette M., additional, Kovács, Péter F., additional, Kozubová, Anita, additional, Kulcsár, Gabriella, additional, Kulcsár, Valéria, additional, Le Pennec, Christophe, additional, Legge, Michael, additional, Leivers, Matt, additional, Loe, Louise, additional, López-Costas, Olalla, additional, Lord, Tom, additional, Los, Dženi, additional, Lyall, James, additional, Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., additional, Mason, Philip, additional, Matošević, Damir, additional, Maxted, Andy, additional, McIntyre, Lauren, additional, McKinley, Jacqueline, additional, McSweeney, Kathleen, additional, Meijlink, Bernard, additional, Mende, Balázs G., additional, Menđušić, Marko, additional, Metlička, Milan, additional, Meyer, Sophie, additional, Mihovilić, Kristina, additional, Milasinovic, Lidija, additional, Minnitt, Steve, additional, Moore, Joanna, additional, Morley, Geoff, additional, Mullan, Graham, additional, Musilová, Margaréta, additional, Neil, Benjamin, additional, Nicholls, Rebecca, additional, Novak, Mario, additional, Pala, Maria, additional, Papworth, Martin, additional, Paresys, Cécile, additional, Patten, Ricky, additional, Perkić, Domagoj, additional, Pesti, Krisztina, additional, Petit, Alba, additional, Petriščáková, Katarína, additional, Pichon, Coline, additional, Pickard, Catriona, additional, Pilling, Zoltán, additional, Price, T. Douglas, additional, Radović, Siniša, additional, Redfern, Rebecca, additional, Resutík, Branislav, additional, Rhodes, Daniel T., additional, Richards, Martin B., additional, Roberts, Amy, additional, Roefstra, Jean, additional, Sankot, Pavel, additional, Šefčáková, Alena, additional, Sheridan, Alison, additional, Skae, Sabine, additional, Šmolíková, Miroslava, additional, Somogyi, Krisztina, additional, Somogyvári, Ágnes, additional, Stephens, Mark, additional, Szabó, Géza, additional, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, additional, Szeniczey, Tamás, additional, Tabor, Jonathan, additional, Tankó, Károly, additional, Maria, Clenis Tavarez, additional, Terry, Rachel, additional, Teržan, Biba, additional, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, additional, Torres-Martínez, Jesús F., additional, Trapp, Julien, additional, Turle, Ross, additional, Ujvári, Ferenc, additional, van der Heiden, Menno, additional, Veleminsky, Petr, additional, Veselka, Barbara, additional, Vytlačil, Zdeněk, additional, Waddington, Clive, additional, Ware, Paula, additional, Wilkinson, Paul, additional, Wilson, Linda, additional, Wiseman, Rob, additional, Young, Eilidh, additional, Zaninović, Joško, additional, Žitňan, Andrej, additional, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, additional, de Knijff, Peter, additional, Barnes, Ian, additional, Halkon, Peter, additional, Thomas, Mark G., additional, Kennett, Douglas J., additional, Cunliffe, Barry, additional, Lillie, Malcolm, additional, Rohland, Nadin, additional, Pinhasi, Ron, additional, Armit, Ian, additional, and Reich, David, additional

Published
2021
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17. Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age

Author

Patterson, Nick, Isakov, Michael, Booth, Thomas, Büster, Lindsey, Fischer, Claire-Elise, Olalde, Iñigo, Ringbauer, Harald, Akbari, Ali, Cheronet, Olivia, Bleasdale, Madeleine, Adamski, Nicole, Altena, Eveline, Bernardos, Rebecca, Brace, Selina, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Candilio, Francesca, Culleton, Brendan, Curtis, Elizabeth, Demetz, Lea, Carlson, Kellie Sara Duffett, Fernandes, Daniel M, Foody, M George B, Freilich, Suzanne, Goodchild, Helen, Kearns, Aisling, Lawson, Ann Marie, Lazaridis, Iosif, Mah, Matthew, Mallick, Swapan, Mandl, Kirsten, Micco, Adam, Michel, Megan, Morante, Guillermo Bravo, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan, Qiu, Lijun, Schattke, Constanze, Stewardson, Kristin, Workman, J Noah, Zalzala, Fatma, Zhang, Zhao, Agustí, Bibiana, Allen, Tim, Almássy, Katalin, Amkreutz, Luc, Ash, Abigail, Baillif-Ducros, Christèle, Barclay, Alistair, Bartosiewicz, László, Baxter, Katherine, Bernert, Zsolt, Blažek, Jan, Bodružić, Mario, Boissinot, Philippe, Bonsall, Clive, Bradley, Pippa, Brittain, Marcus, Brookes, Alison, Brown, Fraser, Brown, Lisa, Brunning, Richard, Budd, Chelsea, Burmaz, Josip, Canet, Sylvain, Carnicero-Cáceres, Silvia, Čaušević-Bully, Morana, Chamberlain, Andrew, Chauvin, Sébastien, Clough, Sharon, Čondić, Natalija, Coppa, Alfredo, Craig, Oliver, Črešnar, Matija, Cummings, Vicki, Czifra, Szabolcs, Danielisová, Alžběta, Daniels, Robin, Davies, Alex, de Jersey, Philip, Deacon, Jody, Deminger, Csilla, Ditchfield, Peter W, Dizdar, Marko, Dobeš, Miroslav, Dobisíková, Miluše, Domboróczki, László, Drinkall, Gail, Đukić, Ana, Edwards, Ceiridwen J, Ernée, Michal, Evans, Christopher, Evans, Jane, Fernández-Götz, Manuel, Filipović, Slavica, Fitzpatrick, Andrew, Fokkens, Harry, Fowler, Chris, Fox, Allison, Gallina, Zsolt, Gamble, Michelle, González Morales, Manuel R, González-Rabanal, Borja, Green, Adrian, Gyenesei, Katalin, Habermehl, Diederick, Hajdu, Tamás, Hamilton, Derek, Harris, James, Hayden, Chris, Hendriks, Joep, Hernu, Bénédicte, Hey, Gill, Horňák, Milan, Ilon, Gábor, Istvánovits, Eszter, Jones, Andy M, Kavur, Martina Blečić, Kazek, Kevin, Kenyon, Robert A, Khreisheh, Amal, Kiss, Viktória, Kleijne, Jos, Knight, Mark, Kootker, Lisette M, Kovács, Péter F, Kozubová, Anita, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Kulcsár, Valéria, Le Pennec, Christophe, Legge, Michael, Leivers, Matt, Loe, Louise, López-Costas, Olalla, Lord, Tom, Los, Dženi, Lyall, James, Marín-Arroyo, Ana B, Mason, Philip, Matošević, Damir, Maxted, Andy, McIntyre, Lauren, McKinley, Jacqueline, McSweeney, Kathleen, Meijlink, Bernard, Mende, Balázs G, Menđušić, Marko, Metlička, Milan, Meyer, Sophie, Mihovilić, Kristina, Milasinovic, Lidija, Minnitt, Steve, Moore, Joanna, Morley, Geoff, Mullan, Graham, Musilová, Margaréta, Neil, Benjamin, Nicholls, Rebecca, Novak, Mario, Pala, Maria, Papworth, Martin, Paresys, Cécile, Patten, Ricky, Perkić, Domagoj, Pesti, Krisztina, Petit, Alba, Petriščáková, Katarína, Pichon, Coline, Pickard, Catriona, Pilling, Zoltán, Price, T Douglas, Radović, Siniša, Redfern, Rebecca, Resutík, Branislav, Rhodes, Daniel T, Richards, Martin B, Roberts, Amy, Roefstra, Jean, Sankot, Pavel, Šefčáková, Alena, Sheridan, Alison, Skae, Sabine, Šmolíková, Miroslava, Somogyi, Krisztina, Somogyvári, Ágnes, Stephens, Mark, Szabó, Géza, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, Szeniczey, Tamás, Tabor, Jonathan, Tankó, Károly, Maria, Clenis Tavarez, Terry, Rachel, Teržan, Biba, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Torres-Martínez, Jesús F, Trapp, Julien, Turle, Ross, Ujvári, Ferenc, van der Heiden, Menno, Veleminsky, Petr, Veselka, Barbara, Vytlačil, Zdeněk, Waddington, Clive, Ware, Paula, Wilkinson, Paul, Wilson, Linda, Wiseman, Rob, Young, Eilidh, Zaninović, Joško, Žitňan, Andrej, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, de Knijff, Peter, Barnes, Ian, Halkon, Peter, Thomas, Mark G, Kennett, Douglas J, Cunliffe, Barry, Lillie, Malcolm, Rohland, Nadin, Pinhasi, Ron, Armit, Ian, Reich, David, Patterson, Nick, Isakov, Michael, Booth, Thomas, Büster, Lindsey, Fischer, Claire-Elise, Olalde, Iñigo, Ringbauer, Harald, Akbari, Ali, Cheronet, Olivia, Bleasdale, Madeleine, Adamski, Nicole, Altena, Eveline, Bernardos, Rebecca, Brace, Selina, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Candilio, Francesca, Culleton, Brendan, Curtis, Elizabeth, Demetz, Lea, Carlson, Kellie Sara Duffett, Fernandes, Daniel M, Foody, M George B, Freilich, Suzanne, Goodchild, Helen, Kearns, Aisling, Lawson, Ann Marie, Lazaridis, Iosif, Mah, Matthew, Mallick, Swapan, Mandl, Kirsten, Micco, Adam, Michel, Megan, Morante, Guillermo Bravo, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan, Qiu, Lijun, Schattke, Constanze, Stewardson, Kristin, Workman, J Noah, Zalzala, Fatma, Zhang, Zhao, Agustí, Bibiana, Allen, Tim, Almássy, Katalin, Amkreutz, Luc, Ash, Abigail, Baillif-Ducros, Christèle, Barclay, Alistair, Bartosiewicz, László, Baxter, Katherine, Bernert, Zsolt, Blažek, Jan, Bodružić, Mario, Boissinot, Philippe, Bonsall, Clive, Bradley, Pippa, Brittain, Marcus, Brookes, Alison, Brown, Fraser, Brown, Lisa, Brunning, Richard, Budd, Chelsea, Burmaz, Josip, Canet, Sylvain, Carnicero-Cáceres, Silvia, Čaušević-Bully, Morana, Chamberlain, Andrew, Chauvin, Sébastien, Clough, Sharon, Čondić, Natalija, Coppa, Alfredo, Craig, Oliver, Črešnar, Matija, Cummings, Vicki, Czifra, Szabolcs, Danielisová, Alžběta, Daniels, Robin, Davies, Alex, de Jersey, Philip, Deacon, Jody, Deminger, Csilla, Ditchfield, Peter W, Dizdar, Marko, Dobeš, Miroslav, Dobisíková, Miluše, Domboróczki, László, Drinkall, Gail, Đukić, Ana, Edwards, Ceiridwen J, Ernée, Michal, Evans, Christopher, Evans, Jane, Fernández-Götz, Manuel, Filipović, Slavica, Fitzpatrick, Andrew, Fokkens, Harry, Fowler, Chris, Fox, Allison, Gallina, Zsolt, Gamble, Michelle, González Morales, Manuel R, González-Rabanal, Borja, Green, Adrian, Gyenesei, Katalin, Habermehl, Diederick, Hajdu, Tamás, Hamilton, Derek, Harris, James, Hayden, Chris, Hendriks, Joep, Hernu, Bénédicte, Hey, Gill, Horňák, Milan, Ilon, Gábor, Istvánovits, Eszter, Jones, Andy M, Kavur, Martina Blečić, Kazek, Kevin, Kenyon, Robert A, Khreisheh, Amal, Kiss, Viktória, Kleijne, Jos, Knight, Mark, Kootker, Lisette M, Kovács, Péter F, Kozubová, Anita, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Kulcsár, Valéria, Le Pennec, Christophe, Legge, Michael, Leivers, Matt, Loe, Louise, López-Costas, Olalla, Lord, Tom, Los, Dženi, Lyall, James, Marín-Arroyo, Ana B, Mason, Philip, Matošević, Damir, Maxted, Andy, McIntyre, Lauren, McKinley, Jacqueline, McSweeney, Kathleen, Meijlink, Bernard, Mende, Balázs G, Menđušić, Marko, Metlička, Milan, Meyer, Sophie, Mihovilić, Kristina, Milasinovic, Lidija, Minnitt, Steve, Moore, Joanna, Morley, Geoff, Mullan, Graham, Musilová, Margaréta, Neil, Benjamin, Nicholls, Rebecca, Novak, Mario, Pala, Maria, Papworth, Martin, Paresys, Cécile, Patten, Ricky, Perkić, Domagoj, Pesti, Krisztina, Petit, Alba, Petriščáková, Katarína, Pichon, Coline, Pickard, Catriona, Pilling, Zoltán, Price, T Douglas, Radović, Siniša, Redfern, Rebecca, Resutík, Branislav, Rhodes, Daniel T, Richards, Martin B, Roberts, Amy, Roefstra, Jean, Sankot, Pavel, Šefčáková, Alena, Sheridan, Alison, Skae, Sabine, Šmolíková, Miroslava, Somogyi, Krisztina, Somogyvári, Ágnes, Stephens, Mark, Szabó, Géza, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, Szeniczey, Tamás, Tabor, Jonathan, Tankó, Károly, Maria, Clenis Tavarez, Terry, Rachel, Teržan, Biba, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Torres-Martínez, Jesús F, Trapp, Julien, Turle, Ross, Ujvári, Ferenc, van der Heiden, Menno, Veleminsky, Petr, Veselka, Barbara, Vytlačil, Zdeněk, Waddington, Clive, Ware, Paula, Wilkinson, Paul, Wilson, Linda, Wiseman, Rob, Young, Eilidh, Zaninović, Joško, Žitňan, Andrej, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, de Knijff, Peter, Barnes, Ian, Halkon, Peter, Thomas, Mark G, Kennett, Douglas J, Cunliffe, Barry, Lillie, Malcolm, Rohland, Nadin, Pinhasi, Ron, Armit, Ian, and Reich, David

Abstract

Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age . To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange . There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain's independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period. [Abstract copyright: © 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.]

Published
2021

18. Módszerek és lehetőségek a bronzkori közösségek kutatásában : A Lendület Mobilitás Kutatócsoport biorégészeti elemzési eredményei (2015-2020)

Author

Kiss, Viktória, primary, Czene, András, additional, Csányi, Marietta, additional, Dani, János, additional, Fábián, Szilvia, additional, P. Fischl, Klára, additional, Gerber, Dániel, additional, Giblin, Julia I., additional, Hajdu, Tamás, additional, Köhler, Kitti, additional, Melis, Eszter, additional, Mende, Balázs Gusztáv, additional, Patay, Róbert, additional, Szabó, Géza, additional, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, additional, Szeverényi, Vajk, additional, and Kulcsár, Gabriella, additional

Published
2021
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19. Methods and Opportunities in the Research of Bronze Age Communities : The Outcomes of the Bioarchaeological Research Programme of the Momentum Mobility Research Group (2015-2020)

Author

Kiss, Viktória, primary, Czene, András, additional, Csányi, Marietta, additional, Dani, János, additional, Fábián, Szilvia, additional, Fischl, Klára, additional, Gerber, Dániel, additional, Giblin, Julia I., additional, Hajdu, Tamás, additional, Köhler, Kitti, additional, Melis, Eszter, additional, Mende, Balázs Gusztáv, additional, Patay, Róbert, additional, Szabó, Géza, additional, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, additional, Szeverényi, Vajk, additional, and Kulcsár, Gabriella, additional

Published
2021
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21. The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

Author

Olalde, Iñigo, Brace, Selina, Allentoft, Morten E., Armit, Ian, Kristiansen, Kristian, Booth, Thomas, Rohland, Nadin, Mallick, Swapan, Szécsényi-nagy, Anna, Mittnik, Alissa, Altena, Eveline, Lipson, Mark, Lazaridis, Iosif, Harper, Thomas K., Patterson, Nick, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Diekmann, Yoan, Faltyskova, Zuzana, Fernandes, Daniel, Ferry, Matthew, Harney, Eadaoin, De Knijff, Peter, Michel, Megan, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Stewardson, Kristin, Barclay, Alistair, Alt, Kurt Werner, Liesau, Corina, Ríos, Patricia, Blasco, Concepción, Miguel, Jorge Vega, García, Roberto Menduiña, Fernández, Azucena Avilés, Bánffy, Eszter, Bernabò-brea, Maria, Billoin, David, Bonsall, Clive, Bonsall, Laura, Allen, Tim, Büster, Lindsey, Carver, Sophie, Navarro, Laura Castells, Craig, Oliver E., Cook, Gordon T., Cunliffe, Barry, Denaire, Anthony, Dinwiddy, Kirsten Egging, Dodwell, Natasha, Ernée, Michal, Evans, Christopher, Kuchařík, Milan, Farré, Joan Francès, Fowler, Chris, Gazenbeek, Michiel, Pena, Rafael Garrido, Haber-uriarte, María, Haduch, Elżbieta, Hey, Gill, Jowett, Nick, Knowles, Timothy, Massy, Ken, Pfrengle, Saskia, Lefranc, Philippe, Lemercier, Olivier, Lefebvre, Arnaud, Martínez, César Heras, Olmo, Virginia Galera, Ramírez, Ana Bastida, Maurandi, Joaquín Lomba, Majó, Tona, Mckinley, Jacqueline I., Mcsweeney, Kathleen, Mende, Balázs Gusztáv, Mod, Alessandra, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Kiss, Viktória, Czene, András, Patay, Róbert, Endrődi, Anna, Köhler, Kitti, Hajdu, Tamás, Szeniczey, Tamás, Dani, János, Bernert, Zsolt, Hoole, Maya, Cheronet, Olivia, Keating, Denise, Velemínský, Petr, Dobeš, Miroslav, Candilio, Francesca, Brown, Fraser, Fernández, Raúl Flores, Herrero-corral, Ana-mercedes, Tusa, Sebastiano, Carnieri, Emiliano, Lentini, Luigi, Valenti, Antonella, Zanini, Alessandro, Waddington, Clive, Delibes, Germán, Guerra-doce, Elisa, Neil, Benjamin, Brittain, Marcus, Luke, Mike, Mortimer, Richard, Desideri, Jocelyne, Besse, Marie, Brücken, Günter, Furmanek, Mirosław, Hałuszko, Agata, Mackiewicz, Maksym, Rapiński, Artur, Leach, Stephany, Soriano, Ignacio, Lillios, Katina T., Cardoso, João Luís, Pearson, Michael Parker, Włodarczak, Piotr, Price, T. Douglas, Prieto, Pilar, Rey, Pierre-jérôme, Risch, Roberto, Rojo Guerra, Manuel A., Schmitt, Aurore, Serralongue, Joël, Silva, Ana Maria, Smrčka, Václav, Vergnaud, Luc, Zilhão, João, Caramelli, David, Higham, Thomas, Thomas, Mark G., Kennett, Douglas J., Fokkens, Harry, Heyd, Volker, Sheridan, Alison, Sjögren, Karl-göran, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Krause, Johannes, Pinhasi, Ron, Haak, Wolfgang, Barnes, Ian, Lalueza-fox, Carles, Reich, David, Olalde, Iñigo, Brace, Selina, Allentoft, Morten E., Armit, Ian, Kristiansen, Kristian, Booth, Thomas, Rohland, Nadin, Mallick, Swapan, Szécsényi-nagy, Anna, Mittnik, Alissa, Altena, Eveline, Lipson, Mark, Lazaridis, Iosif, Harper, Thomas K., Patterson, Nick, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Diekmann, Yoan, Faltyskova, Zuzana, Fernandes, Daniel, Ferry, Matthew, Harney, Eadaoin, De Knijff, Peter, Michel, Megan, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Stewardson, Kristin, Barclay, Alistair, Alt, Kurt Werner, Liesau, Corina, Ríos, Patricia, Blasco, Concepción, Miguel, Jorge Vega, García, Roberto Menduiña, Fernández, Azucena Avilés, Bánffy, Eszter, Bernabò-brea, Maria, Billoin, David, Bonsall, Clive, Bonsall, Laura, Allen, Tim, Büster, Lindsey, Carver, Sophie, Navarro, Laura Castells, Craig, Oliver E., Cook, Gordon T., Cunliffe, Barry, Denaire, Anthony, Dinwiddy, Kirsten Egging, Dodwell, Natasha, Ernée, Michal, Evans, Christopher, Kuchařík, Milan, Farré, Joan Francès, Fowler, Chris, Gazenbeek, Michiel, Pena, Rafael Garrido, Haber-uriarte, María, Haduch, Elżbieta, Hey, Gill, Jowett, Nick, Knowles, Timothy, Massy, Ken, Pfrengle, Saskia, Lefranc, Philippe, Lemercier, Olivier, Lefebvre, Arnaud, Martínez, César Heras, Olmo, Virginia Galera, Ramírez, Ana Bastida, Maurandi, Joaquín Lomba, Majó, Tona, Mckinley, Jacqueline I., Mcsweeney, Kathleen, Mende, Balázs Gusztáv, Mod, Alessandra, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Kiss, Viktória, Czene, András, Patay, Róbert, Endrődi, Anna, Köhler, Kitti, Hajdu, Tamás, Szeniczey, Tamás, Dani, János, Bernert, Zsolt, Hoole, Maya, Cheronet, Olivia, Keating, Denise, Velemínský, Petr, Dobeš, Miroslav, Candilio, Francesca, Brown, Fraser, Fernández, Raúl Flores, Herrero-corral, Ana-mercedes, Tusa, Sebastiano, Carnieri, Emiliano, Lentini, Luigi, Valenti, Antonella, Zanini, Alessandro, Waddington, Clive, Delibes, Germán, Guerra-doce, Elisa, Neil, Benjamin, Brittain, Marcus, Luke, Mike, Mortimer, Richard, Desideri, Jocelyne, Besse, Marie, Brücken, Günter, Furmanek, Mirosław, Hałuszko, Agata, Mackiewicz, Maksym, Rapiński, Artur, Leach, Stephany, Soriano, Ignacio, Lillios, Katina T., Cardoso, João Luís, Pearson, Michael Parker, Włodarczak, Piotr, Price, T. Douglas, Prieto, Pilar, Rey, Pierre-jérôme, Risch, Roberto, Rojo Guerra, Manuel A., Schmitt, Aurore, Serralongue, Joël, Silva, Ana Maria, Smrčka, Václav, Vergnaud, Luc, Zilhão, João, Caramelli, David, Higham, Thomas, Thomas, Mark G., Kennett, Douglas J., Fokkens, Harry, Heyd, Volker, Sheridan, Alison, Sjögren, Karl-göran, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Krause, Johannes, Pinhasi, Ron, Haak, Wolfgang, Barnes, Ian, Lalueza-fox, Carles, and Reich, David

Published
2018

22. Erratum: The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

Author

Olalde, Iñigo, primary, Brace, Selina, additional, Allentoft, Morten E., additional, Armit, Ian, additional, Kristiansen, Kristian, additional, Booth, Thomas, additional, Rohland, Nadin, additional, Mallick, Swapan, additional, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, additional, Mittnik, Alissa, additional, Altena, Eveline, additional, Lipson, Mark, additional, Lazaridis, Iosif, additional, Harper, Thomas K., additional, Patterson, Nick, additional, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, additional, Diekmann, Yoan, additional, Faltyskova, Zuzana, additional, Fernandes, Daniel, additional, Ferry, Matthew, additional, Harney, Eadaoin, additional, de Knijff, Peter, additional, Michel, Megan, additional, Oppenheimer, Jonas, additional, Stewardson, Kristin, additional, Barclay, Alistair, additional, Alt, Kurt Werner, additional, Liesau, Corina, additional, Ríos, Patricia, additional, Blasco, Concepción, additional, Miguel, Jorge Vega, additional, García, Roberto Menduiña, additional, Fernández, Azucena Avilés, additional, Bánffy, Eszter, additional, Bernabò-Brea, Maria, additional, Billoin, David, additional, Bonsall, Clive, additional, Bonsall, Laura, additional, Allen, Tim, additional, Büster, Lindsey, additional, Carver, Sophie, additional, Navarro, Laura Castells, additional, Craig, Oliver E., additional, Cook, Gordon T., additional, Cunliffe, Barry, additional, Denaire, Anthony, additional, Dinwiddy, Kirsten Egging, additional, Dodwell, Natasha, additional, Ernée, Michal, additional, Evans, Christopher, additional, Kuchařík, Milan, additional, Farré, Joan Francès, additional, Fowler, Chris, additional, Gazenbeek, Michiel, additional, Pena, Rafael Garrido, additional, Haber-Uriarte, María, additional, Haduch, Elżbieta, additional, Hey, Gill, additional, Jowett, Nick, additional, Knowles, Timothy, additional, Massy, Ken, additional, Pfrengle, Saskia, additional, Lefranc, Philippe, additional, Lemercier, Olivier, additional, Lefebvre, Arnaud, additional, Martínez, César Heras, additional, Olmo, Virginia Galera, additional, Ramírez, Ana Bastida, additional, Maurandi, Joaquín Lomba, additional, Majó, Tona, additional, McKinley, Jacqueline I., additional, McSweeney, Kathleen, additional, Mende, Balázs Gusztáv, additional, Modi, Alessandra, additional, Kulcsár, Gabriella, additional, Kiss, Viktória, additional, Czene, András, additional, Patay, Róbert, additional, Endrődi, Anna, additional, Köhler, Kitti, additional, Hajdu, Tamás, additional, Szeniczey, Tamás, additional, Dani, János, additional, Bernert, Zsolt, additional, Hoole, Maya, additional, Cheronet, Olivia, additional, Keating, Denise, additional, Velemínský, Petr, additional, Dobeš, Miroslav, additional, Candilio, Francesca, additional, Brown, Fraser, additional, Fernández, Raúl Flores, additional, Herrero-Corral, Ana-Mercedes, additional, Tusa, Sebastiano, additional, Carnieri, Emiliano, additional, Lentini, Luigi, additional, Valenti, Antonella, additional, Zanini, Alessandro, additional, Waddington, Clive, additional, Delibes, Germán, additional, Guerra-Doce, Elisa, additional, Neil, Benjamin, additional, Brittain, Marcus, additional, Luke, Mike, additional, Mortimer, Richard, additional, Desideri, Jocelyne, additional, Besse, Marie, additional, Brücken, Günter, additional, Furmanek, Mirosław, additional, Hałuszko, Agata, additional, Mackiewicz, Maksym, additional, Rapiński, Artur, additional, Leach, Stephany, additional, Soriano, Ignacio, additional, Lillios, Katina T., additional, Cardoso, João Luís, additional, Pearson, Michael Parker, additional, Włodarczak, Piotr, additional, Price, T. Douglas, additional, Prieto, Pilar, additional, Rey, Pierre-Jérôme, additional, Risch, Roberto, additional, Guerra, Manuel A. Rojo, additional, Schmitt, Aurore, additional, Serralongue, Joël, additional, Silva, Ana Maria, additional, Smrčka, Václav, additional, Vergnaud, Luc, additional, Zilhão, João, additional, Caramelli, David, additional, Higham, Thomas, additional, Thomas, Mark G., additional, Kennett, Douglas J., additional, Fokkens, Harry, additional, Heyd, Volker, additional, Sheridan, Alison, additional, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, additional, Stockhammer, Philipp W., additional, Krause, Johannes, additional, Pinhasi, Ron, additional, Haak, Wolfgang, additional, Barnes, Ian, additional, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, additional, and Reich, David, additional

Published
2018
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23. The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

Author

Olalde, Iñigo, primary, Brace, Selina, additional, Allentoft, Morten E., additional, Armit, Ian, additional, Kristiansen, Kristian, additional, Booth, Thomas, additional, Rohland, Nadin, additional, Mallick, Swapan, additional, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, additional, Mittnik, Alissa, additional, Altena, Eveline, additional, Lipson, Mark, additional, Lazaridis, Iosif, additional, Harper, Thomas K., additional, Patterson, Nick, additional, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, additional, Diekmann, Yoan, additional, Faltyskova, Zuzana, additional, Fernandes, Daniel, additional, Ferry, Matthew, additional, Harney, Eadaoin, additional, de Knijff, Peter, additional, Michel, Megan, additional, Oppenheimer, Jonas, additional, Stewardson, Kristin, additional, Barclay, Alistair, additional, Alt, Kurt Werner, additional, Liesau, Corina, additional, Ríos, Patricia, additional, Blasco, Concepción, additional, Miguel, Jorge Vega, additional, García, Roberto Menduiña, additional, Fernández, Azucena Avilés, additional, Bánffy, Eszter, additional, Bernabò-Brea, Maria, additional, Billoin, David, additional, Bonsall, Clive, additional, Bonsall, Laura, additional, Allen, Tim, additional, Büster, Lindsey, additional, Carver, Sophie, additional, Navarro, Laura Castells, additional, Craig, Oliver E., additional, Cook, Gordon T., additional, Cunliffe, Barry, additional, Denaire, Anthony, additional, Dinwiddy, Kirsten Egging, additional, Dodwell, Natasha, additional, Ernée, Michal, additional, Evans, Christopher, additional, Kuchařík, Milan, additional, Farré, Joan Francès, additional, Fowler, Chris, additional, Gazenbeek, Michiel, additional, Pena, Rafael Garrido, additional, Haber-Uriarte, María, additional, Haduch, Elżbieta, additional, Hey, Gill, additional, Jowett, Nick, additional, Knowles, Timothy, additional, Massy, Ken, additional, Pfrengle, Saskia, additional, Lefranc, Philippe, additional, Lemercier, Olivier, additional, Lefebvre, Arnaud, additional, Martínez, César Heras, additional, Olmo, Virginia Galera, additional, Ramírez, Ana Bastida, additional, Maurandi, Joaquín Lomba, additional, Majó, Tona, additional, McKinley, Jacqueline I., additional, McSweeney, Kathleen, additional, Mende, Balázs Gusztáv, additional, Modi, Alessandra, additional, Kulcsár, Gabriella, additional, Kiss, Viktória, additional, Czene, András, additional, Patay, Róbert, additional, Endrődi, Anna, additional, Köhler, Kitti, additional, Hajdu, Tamás, additional, Szeniczey, Tamás, additional, Dani, János, additional, Bernert, Zsolt, additional, Hoole, Maya, additional, Cheronet, Olivia, additional, Keating, Denise, additional, Velemínský, Petr, additional, Dobeš, Miroslav, additional, Candilio, Francesca, additional, Brown, Fraser, additional, Fernández, Raúl Flores, additional, Herrero-Corral, Ana-Mercedes, additional, Tusa, Sebastiano, additional, Carnieri, Emiliano, additional, Lentini, Luigi, additional, Valenti, Antonella, additional, Zanini, Alessandro, additional, Waddington, Clive, additional, Delibes, Germán, additional, Guerra-Doce, Elisa, additional, Neil, Benjamin, additional, Brittain, Marcus, additional, Luke, Mike, additional, Mortimer, Richard, additional, Desideri, Jocelyne, additional, Besse, Marie, additional, Brücken, Günter, additional, Furmanek, Mirosław, additional, Hałuszko, Agata, additional, Mackiewicz, Maksym, additional, Rapiński, Artur, additional, Leach, Stephany, additional, Soriano, Ignacio, additional, Lillios, Katina T., additional, Cardoso, João Luís, additional, Pearson, Michael Parker, additional, Włodarczak, Piotr, additional, Price, T. Douglas, additional, Prieto, Pilar, additional, Rey, Pierre-Jérôme, additional, Risch, Roberto, additional, Rojo Guerra, Manuel A., additional, Schmitt, Aurore, additional, Serralongue, Joël, additional, Silva, Ana Maria, additional, Smrčka, Václav, additional, Vergnaud, Luc, additional, Zilhão, João, additional, Caramelli, David, additional, Higham, Thomas, additional, Thomas, Mark G., additional, Kennett, Douglas J., additional, Fokkens, Harry, additional, Heyd, Volker, additional, Sheridan, Alison, additional, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, additional, Stockhammer, Philipp W., additional, Krause, Johannes, additional, Pinhasi, Ron, additional, Haak, Wolfgang, additional, Barnes, Ian, additional, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, additional, and Reich, David, additional

Published
2018
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24. The medium-term strategic plan of the Institute of Archaeology of the Research Centre for the Humanities of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and its scientific activity in 2016 and 2017

Author

Benkő, Elek, primary, Csiky, Gergely, additional, Darázsy, Beatrix, additional, Kovács, Gyöngyi, additional, Kulcsár, Gabriella, additional, Mende, Balázs Gusztáv, additional, Oross, Krisztián, additional, Sópajti-Tóth, László, additional, and Vida, Tivadar, additional

Published
2018
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26. The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe

Author

Olalde, Iñigo, primary, Brace, Selina, additional, Allentoft, Morten E., additional, Armit, Ian, additional, Kristiansen, Kristian, additional, Rohland, Nadin, additional, Mallick, Swapan, additional, Booth, Thomas, additional, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, additional, Mittnik, Alissa, additional, Altena, Eveline, additional, Lipson, Mark, additional, Lazaridis, Iosif, additional, Patterson, Nick, additional, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, additional, Diekmann, Yoan, additional, Faltyskova, Zuzana, additional, Fernandes, Daniel, additional, Ferry, Matthew, additional, Harney, Eadaoin, additional, Knijff, Peter de, additional, Michel, Megan, additional, Oppenheimer, Jonas, additional, Stewardson, Kristin, additional, Barclay, Alistair, additional, Alt, Kurt W., additional, Avilés Fernández, Azucena, additional, Bánffy, Eszter, additional, Bernabò-Brea, Maria, additional, Billoin, David, additional, Blasco, Concepción, additional, Bonsall, Clive, additional, Bonsall, Laura, additional, Allen, Tim, additional, Büster, Lindsey, additional, Carver, Sophie, additional, Navarro, Laura Castells, additional, Craig, Oliver Edward, additional, Cook, Gordon T., additional, Cunliffe, Barry, additional, Denaire, Anthony, additional, Dinwiddy, Kirsten Egging, additional, Dodwell, Natasha, additional, Ernée, Michal, additional, Evans, Christopher, additional, Kuchařík, Milan, additional, Francès Farré, Joan, additional, Fokkens, Harry, additional, Fowler, Chris, additional, Gazenbeek, Michiel, additional, Pena, Rafael Garrido, additional, Haber-Uriarte, María, additional, Haduch, Elżbieta, additional, Hey, Gill, additional, Jowett, Nick, additional, Knowles, Timothy, additional, Massy, Ken, additional, Pfrengle, Saskia, additional, Lefranc, Philippe, additional, Lemercier, Olivier, additional, Lefebvre, Arnaud, additional, Lomba Maurandi, Joaquín, additional, Majó, Tona, additional, McKinley, Jacqueline I., additional, McSweeney, Kathleen, additional, Balázs Gusztáv, Mende, additional, Modi, Alessandra, additional, Kulcsár, Gabriella, additional, Kiss, Viktória, additional, Czene, András, additional, Patay, Róbert, additional, Endrődi, Anna, additional, Köhler, Kitti, additional, Hajdu, Tamás, additional, Cardoso, João Luís, additional, Liesau, Corina, additional, Pearson, Michael Parker, additional, Włodarczak, Piotr, additional, Douglas Price, T., additional, Prieto, Pilar, additional, Rey, Pierre-Jérôme, additional, Ríos, Patricia, additional, Risch, Roberto, additional, Rojo Guerra, Manuel A., additional, Schmitt, Aurore, additional, Serralongue, Joël, additional, Silva, Ana Maria, additional, Smrčka, Václav, additional, Vergnaud, Luc, additional, Zilhão, João, additional, Caramelli, David, additional, Higham, Thomas, additional, Heyd, Volker, additional, Sheridan, Alison, additional, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, additional, Thomas, Mark G., additional, Stockhammer, Philipp W., additional, Pinhasi, Ron, additional, Krause, Johannes, additional, Haak, Wolfgang, additional, Barnes, Ian, additional, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, additional, and Reich, David, additional

Published
2017
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29. Chronology of the Early and Middle Bronze Age in Hungary: New results.

Author

Kiss, Viktória, Csányi, Marietta, Dani, János, Fischl, Klára P., Kulcsár, Gabriella, and Szathmári, Ildikó

Subjects
BRONZE Age, MIDDLE age, CHRONOLOGY
Abstract

The chronological system established by Paul Reinecke played a significant role in developing a chronological classification of the Hungarian Bronze Age. However, the relative chronology which is currently being used for the Early and Middle Bronze Age by the majority of Hungarian scholars is based on István Bóna's temporal sequence. Although Bóna's relative chronology is still regarded as the 'lingua franca' in Hungary, several attempts have been made to synchronise Bóna's relative chronological system of the Hungarian Bronze Age with the Reinecke scheme in the last two decades. The present paper compares the two relative chronological systems and highlights some common cornerstones, supported by the most recent AMS 14C dates from the Carpathian Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

32. The First ‘Urnfields’ in the Plains of the Danube and the Po

Author

Claudio Cavazzuti, Alberta Arena, Andrea Cardarelli, Michaela Fritzl, Mario Gavranović, Tamás Hajdu, Viktória Kiss, Kitti Köhler, Gabriella Kulcsár, Eszter Melis, Katharina Rebay-Salisbury, Géza Szabó, Vajk Szeverényi, Cavazzuti, Claudio, Arena, Alberta, Cardarelli, Andrea, Fritzl, Michaela, Gavranović, Mario, Hajdu, Tamá, Kiss, Viktória, Köhler, Kitti, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Melis, Eszter, Rebay-Salisbury, Katharina, Szabó, Géza, and Szeverényi, Vajk

Subjects
Urnfields · Middle/Late Bronze Age · Diffusion of innovations · Homophily · Early adopters, Archeology, bronze age, urnfields
Abstract

Archaeological research is currently redefining how large-scale changes occurred in prehistoric times. In addition to the long-standing theoretical dichotomy between ‘cultural transmission’ and ‘demic diffusion’, many alternative models borrowed from sociology can be used to explain the spread of innovations. The emergence of urnfields in Middle and Late Bronze Age Europe is certainly one of these large-scale phenomena; its wide distribution has been traditionally emphasized by the use of the general term Urnenfelderkultur/zeit (starting around 1300 BC). Thanks to new evidence, we are now able to draw a more comprehensive picture, which shows a variety of regional responses to the introduction of the new funerary custom. The earliest ‘urnfields’ can be identified in central Hungary, among the tell communities of the late Nagyrév/Vatya Culture, around 2000 BC. From the nineteenth century BC onwards, the urnfield model is documented among communities in northeastern Serbia, south of the Iron Gates. During the subsequent collapse of the tell system, around 1500 BC, the urnfield model spread into some of the neighbouring regions. The adoption, however, appears more radical in the southern Po plain, as well as in the Sava/Drava/Lower Tisza plains, while in Lower Austria, Transdanubia and in the northern Po plain it seems more gradual and appears to have been subject to processes of syncretism/hybridization with traditional rites. Other areas seem to reject the novelty, at least until the latest phases of the Bronze Age. We argue that a possible explanation for these varied responses relates to the degree of interconnectedness and homophily among communities in the previous phases.

Published
2022
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33. Still making waves. Marija Gimbutas in current archaeological debates

Author

Preda-Balanica, Bianca Elena, Heyd, Volker, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Preda-Balanica, Bianca Elena, Department of Cultures, Archaeology, and YMPACT: The Yamnaya Impact on Prehistoric Europe

Subjects
615 History and Archaeology
Abstract

This paper aims to take a look at the migration waves theory of Marija Gimbutas from the perspective of latest research in archaeology, but also including insights offered by aDNA studies. In her famous model, Maria Gimbutas stated that three waves of migration from the steppes into Southeastern Europe took place in three different periods: the second half of the 5th millennium BC, the last centuries of the 4th millennium BC and the first centuries of the 3rd millennium BC. In order to asses if her model finds support in the archaeological record I will provide an overview of the discoveries in the steppe-like regions of Southeastern Europe during the time corresponding to the supposed waves of migration. For each phase I will also advance other possible interpretations that could account for this archaeological record, involving different types of mobility/migration or cultural transmission processes.

Published
2021

34. The Genetic Origin of the Indo-Europeans.

Author

Lazaridis I, Patterson N, Anthony D, Vyazov L, Fournier R, Ringbauer H, Olalde I, Khokhlov AA, Kitov EP, Shishlina NI, Ailincăi SC, Agapov DS, Agapov SA, Batieva E, Bauyrzhan B, Bereczki Z, Buzhilova A, Changmai P, Chizhevsky AA, Ciobanu I, Constantinescu M, Csányi M, Dani J, Dashkovskiy PK, Évinger S, Faifert A, Flegontov PN, Frînculeasa A, Frînculeasa MN, Hajdu T, Higham T, Jarosz P, Jelínek P, Khartanovich VI, Kirginekov EN, Kiss V, Kitova A, Kiyashko AV, Koledin J, Korolev A, Kosintsev P, Kulcsár G, Kuznetsov P, Magomedov R, Malikovich MA, Melis E, Moiseyev V, Molnár E, Monge J, Negrea O, Nikolaeva NA, Novak M, Ochir-Goryaeva M, Pálfi G, Popovici S, Rykun MP, Savenkova TM, Semibratov VP, Seregin NN, Šefčáková A, Serikovna MR, Shingiray I, Shirokov VN, Simalcsik A, Sirak K, Solodovnikov KN, Tárnoki J, Tishkin AA, Trifonov V, Vasilyev S, Akbari A, Brielle ES, Callan K, Candilio F, Cheronet O, Curtis E, Flegontova O, Iliev L, Kearns A, Keating D, Lawson AM, Mah M, Micco A, Michel M, Oppenheimer J, Qiu L, Noah Workman J, Zalzala F, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Palamara PF, Mallick S, Rohland N, Pinhasi R, and Reich D

Abstract

The Yamnaya archaeological complex appeared around 3300BCE across the steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas, and by 3000BCE reached its maximal extent from Hungary in the west to Kazakhstan in the east. To localize the ancestral and geographical origins of the Yamnaya among the diverse Eneolithic people that preceded them, we studied ancient DNA data from 428 individuals of which 299 are reported for the first time, demonstrating three previously unknown Eneolithic genetic clines. First, a "Caucasus-Lower Volga" (CLV) Cline suffused with Caucasus hunter-gatherer (CHG) ancestry extended between a Caucasus Neolithic southern end in Neolithic Armenia, and a steppe northern end in Berezhnovka in the Lower Volga. Bidirectional gene flow across the CLV cline created admixed intermediate populations in both the north Caucasus, such as the Maikop people, and on the steppe, such as those at the site of Remontnoye north of the Manych depression. CLV people also helped form two major riverine clines by admixing with distinct groups of European hunter-gatherers. A "Volga Cline" was formed as Lower Volga people mixed with upriver populations that had more Eastern hunter-gatherer (EHG) ancestry, creating genetically hyper-variable populations as at Khvalynsk in the Middle Volga. A "Dnipro Cline" was formed as CLV people bearing both Caucasus Neolithic and Lower Volga ancestry moved west and acquired Ukraine Neolithic hunter-gatherer (UNHG) ancestry to establish the population of the Serednii Stih culture from which the direct ancestors of the Yamnaya themselves were formed around 4000BCE. This population grew rapidly after 3750-3350BCE, precipitating the expansion of people of the Yamnaya culture who totally displaced previous groups on the Volga and further east, while admixing with more sedentary groups in the west. CLV cline people with Lower Volga ancestry contributed four fifths of the ancestry of the Yamnaya, but also, entering Anatolia from the east, contributed at least a tenth of the ancestry of Bronze Age Central Anatolians, where the Hittite language, related to the Indo-European languages spread by the Yamnaya, was spoken. We thus propose that the final unity of the speakers of the "Proto-Indo-Anatolian" ancestral language of both Anatolian and Indo-European languages can be traced to CLV cline people sometime between 4400-4000 BCE., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare no competing interests.

Published
2024
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