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2. Relations between Frequency and Volume of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Body Composition in Police Officers

Author

Vukovic, Marko, Kukic, Filip, Cvorovic, Aleksandar, Jankovic, Dunja, Prcic, Iva, and Dopsaj, Milivoj

Abstract

Purpose: Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) has always been very important for the maintenance and improvement of body composition. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine if the frequency and volume of LTPA (F-LTPA and V-LTPA) were related to indices of body composition in police officers. Method: A physical activity questionnaire was used to collect data from 346 male police officers regarding their F-LTPA and V-LTPA. They were divided into four groups relative to the frequency, and four groups relative to the volume of LTPA, labeled as inactive, seldom active, moderately active and very active for each LTPA indicator. Percent body fat (PBF), skeletal muscle mass (PSMM), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) and body fat mass index (BFMI) were assessed. Correlation analyses investigated associations and multivariate analysis of variance analysed the differences between body composition and LTPA, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The F-LTPA correlated (p < 0.001) to PBF (r = -0.306), BFMI (r = -0.289), PSMM (r = 0.309) and SMMI (r = -0.138, p = 0.010). The V-LTPA correlated (p < 0.001) to PBF (r = -0.370), BFMI (r = -0.348), PSMM (r = 0.311), and SMMI (r = -0.106, p = 0.049). The differences that occurred between more and less active police officers, whereby those who were very active had lower values of PBF and BFMI and higher values of PSMM and SMMI regardless of the frequency and volume of LTPA. PBF and PSMM were more affected by LTPA than SMMI and BFMI. Conclusions: F-LTPA and V-LTPA were considered important for police officers, whereby F-LTPA was related to muscle and V-LTPA to fat parameters of body composition.

Published
2020
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6. Accuracy of body mass index and obesity status in police trainees

Author

Stojkovic, Milos, Heinrich, Katie M., Cvorovic, Aleksandar, Jeknic, Velimir, Greco, Gianpiero, Kukic, Filip, Stojkovic, Milos, Heinrich, Katie M., Cvorovic, Aleksandar, Jeknic, Velimir, Greco, Gianpiero, and Kukic, Filip

Abstract

The first aim of this study was to compare body mass index (BMI) (indirect method) classification with the body fat percent (PBF) (direct method) and to determine how BMI classifies subjects with different levels of skeletal muscle mass percent (PSMM). The second aim was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity status among police trainees (PTs). A total of 103 male PTs participated in this research: age = 21.46 ± 0.64 years, body mass (BM) = 75.97 ± 8.10 kg, body height (BH) = 174.07 ± 6.31 cm, BMI = 25.05 ± 2.12 kg/m2 . The InBody 370 multichannel bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measured body composition. Study results indicated that muscular PTs could be misclassified as overweight and that PBF identified more subjects as obese. Namely, three PTs were obese according to BMI, while 13 were obese according to PBF. The information provided by this research could be used to help professionals understand the importance of measuring body composition, and the inaccuracies in BMI classification. In conclusion, whenever possible PSMM and PBF should replace the utilization of BMI to screen overweight and obesity in PTs. Agencies may think of using BIA as non-invasive, quick and inexpensive measurement tool.

Published
2022

9. Association of Sex-Related Differences in Body Composition to Change of Direction Speed in Police Officers While Carrying Load

Author

Kukic, Filip, Koropanovski, Nenad, Jankovic, Radivoje, Cvorovic, Aleksandar, Dawes-J, Jay, Lockie-G, Robert, Orr, Robin M, and Dopsaj, Milivoj

Subjects
Carga ocupacional, Human body morphology, Cadetes policiales, Agility, Law enforcement, Police cadets, Aplicación de la ley, Morfología del cuerpo humano, Occupational load, Agilidad
Abstract

SUMMARY: Regardless of sex or body size, police tasks may require officers to change direction speed (CODS) under occupational loads. The purpose of this study was to investigate body composition and CODS in female and male police cadets in both unloaded and occupationally loaded conditions. Body composition and CODS of 51 female (FPC) and 70 male police cadets (MPC) were assessed. Six body composition indices were used: Body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), percent of skeletal muscle mass (PSMM), protein fat index (PFI), index of hypokinesia (IH), and skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI). The CODS was assessed by Illinois Agility Test (IAT) and IAT while carrying a 10-kg load (LIAT). An independent sample t-test was used to identify the differences between the sexes. The regression determined associations between body composition and LIAT. The alpha level was set at p < 0.05 a priori. MPC had significantly higher (p < 0.001) BMI, PSMM, PFI and SMMI and lower PBF and IH than FPC. MPC were also faster in IAT and LIAT, carrying lower relative loads that imparted less of an impact on CODS performance. Body composition was strongly associated with the time to complete LIAT (R2 = 0.671, p < 0.001). Difference in relative load and body composition influenced CODS performance in both unloaded and loaded conditions. Thus, optimizing body composition through increasing skeletal muscle mass and reducing fat mass could positively influence unloaded and loaded CODS performance and improve elements of police task performance. RESUMEN: El trabajo policial puede requerir que los oficiales cambien la velocidad de dirección (CVD) bajo cargas ocupacionales, indistintamente del sexo o tamaño corporal. El propósito de este estudio fue investigar la composición corporal y los CVD en cadetes de policía de ambos sexos, tanto en condiciones de descarga como de trabajo. Se evaluaron la composición corporal y los CVD de 51 mujeres (CPF) y 70 cadetes de policía masculinos (CPM). Se utilizaron seis índices de composición corporal: índice de masa corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC), porcentaje de masa muscular esquelética (PMME), índice de grasa proteica (IGP), índice de hipocinesia (IH) e índice de masa muscular esquelética (IMME). El CVD fue evaluado por Illinois Agility Test (IAT) y IAT mientras transportaba una carga de 10 kg (LIAT). Se usó una prueba t de muestra independiente para identificar las diferencias entre los sexos. La regresión determinó asociaciones entre la composición corporal y LIAT. El nivel alfa se estableció en p

Published
2020

13. Age-Related Body Composition Differences in Female Police Officers

Author

Kukic, Filip, Scekic, Aleksandra, Koropanovski, Nenad, Cvorovic, Aleksandar, Dawes, Jay J, and Dopsaj, Milivoj

Subjects
Músculo, Body mass, Body fat, Grasa corporal, Muscle, Masa corporal, Cambios corporales, Body changes
Abstract

SUMMARY: Since performance in police occupations may depend on body composition and physical abilities, women are less likely to become police officers. However, information on age-related differences in body composition among female police officers (FPO) barely exists. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between age and body composition in FPO. Body composition of 95 FPO was assessed and divided into 4 age groups: 21-25 (age = 23.58 ± 0.84 years, body height [BH] = 1.61 ± 0.04 m, body mass [BM] = 65.55 ± 12.59 kg); 26-30 (age = 28.24 ± 1.20 years, BH = 1.61 ± 0.04 m, BM = 72.08 ± 12.80 kg); 31-35 (age = 32.73 ± 1.59 years, BH = 1.62 ± 0.06 m, BM = 74.88 ± 12.22 kg); and 36-40 (age = 37.71 ± 1.40 years, BH = 1.61 ± 0.08 cm, BM = 77.38 ± 11.61 kg). Eight body composition characteristics were measured using bioelectrical impedance (InBody 720): BM, body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), fat mass (FM), trunk fat mass (TFM), percent body fat mass (PBF), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and percent skeletal muscle mass (PSMM). A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with Bonferroni post-hoc test (p

Published
2019

14. Age-Related Body Composition Differences in Female Police Officers

Author

Kukic,Filip, Scekic,Aleksandra, Koropanovski,Nenad, Cvorovic,Aleksandar, Dawes,Jay J, and Dopsaj,Milivoj

Subjects
Body mass, Body fat, Muscle, Body changes
Abstract

SUMMARY: Since performance in police occupations may depend on body composition and physical abilities, women are less likely to become police officers. However, information on age-related differences in body composition among female police officers (FPO) barely exists. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between age and body composition in FPO. Body composition of 95 FPO was assessed and divided into 4 age groups: 21-25 (age = 23.58 ± 0.84 years, body height [BH] = 1.61 ± 0.04 m, body mass [BM] = 65.55 ± 12.59 kg); 26-30 (age = 28.24 ± 1.20 years, BH = 1.61 ± 0.04 m, BM = 72.08 ± 12.80 kg); 31-35 (age = 32.73 ± 1.59 years, BH = 1.62 ± 0.06 m, BM = 74.88 ± 12.22 kg); and 36-40 (age = 37.71 ± 1.40 years, BH = 1.61 ± 0.08 cm, BM = 77.38 ± 11.61 kg). Eight body composition characteristics were measured using bioelectrical impedance (InBody 720): BM, body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), fat mass (FM), trunk fat mass (TFM), percent body fat mass (PBF), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and percent skeletal muscle mass (PSMM). A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with Bonferroni post-hoc test (p

Published
2019

15. Use of Human Body Morphology as an Indication of Physical Fitness: Implications for Police Officers

Author

Kukic, Filip, Dopsaj, Milivoj, Dawes, Jay, Orr, Robin, and Cvorovic, Aleksandar

Subjects
Agentes del orden, Evaluación, Antropometría, Anthropometrics, Law enforcement officers, Assessment, Physical performance, Desempeño físico
Abstract

SUMMARY: Research with police officers (POs) suggests an association between body composition, physical performance and health. The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between body composition and measures of physical fitness, and their use to predict estimated physical fitness score (EPFS). The sample included 163 male POs (age = 31.61 ± 4.79 years, height = 172.97 ± 6.09 cm, body mass = 77.53 ± 11.66 kg). Eight body composition variables: body mass index (BMI), body fat mass index (BFMI), percent of body fat (PBF), percent skeletal muscle mass (PSMM), index of hypokinezia (IH), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), protein mass index (PMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI); and four physical fitness measures: a 3.2 km run, a 2-minute push-up, 2-minute sit-up and estimated physical fitness score (EPFS) were correlated, followed by the regression analysis for causal relationship between body composition and EPFS. Running 3.2 km test correlated to BMI, PBF, PSMM, BFMI, and SMMI (r = 0.274, 0.250, -0.234, 0.311, p

Published
2018

16. Use of Human Body Morphology as an Indication of Physical Fitness: Implications for Police Officers

Author

Kukic,Filip, Dopsaj,Milivoj, Dawes,Jay, Orr,Robin, and Cvorovic,Aleksandar

Subjects
Anthropometrics, Law enforcement officers, Assessment, Physical performance
Abstract

SUMMARY: Research with police officers (POs) suggests an association between body composition, physical performance and health. The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between body composition and measures of physical fitness, and their use to predict estimated physical fitness score (EPFS). The sample included 163 male POs (age = 31.61 ± 4.79 years, height = 172.97 ± 6.09 cm, body mass = 77.53 ± 11.66 kg). Eight body composition variables: body mass index (BMI), body fat mass index (BFMI), percent of body fat (PBF), percent skeletal muscle mass (PSMM), index of hypokinezia (IH), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), protein mass index (PMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI); and four physical fitness measures: a 3.2 km run, a 2-minute push-up, 2-minute sit-up and estimated physical fitness score (EPFS) were correlated, followed by the regression analysis for causal relationship between body composition and EPFS. Running 3.2 km test correlated to BMI, PBF, PSMM, BFMI, and SMMI (r = 0.274, 0.250, -0.234, 0.311, p

Published
2018

24. Age and Gender Differences in Nutritional Status of School Children According to WHO, CDC and IOTF References: A Statewide Study from Montenegro.

Author

Milasinovic, Rajko, Bojanic, Danilo, Cvorovic, Aleksandar, and Kukic, Filip

Subjects
NUTRITION for school children, HEALTH of school children, CHILDHOOD obesity, BODY mass index, PUBLIC health
Abstract

Nutritional status of school children has been discussed over the past decade, focusing on timely and adequate response that can positively aff ect the reduction of the health risks of overweight, obesity, and malnutrition. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate a nutritional status of healthy children from Montenegro according to three most common worldwide references. The sample of 1480 healthy school children was consisted of girls (N=733), mean age=10.98±1.38 years, mean body height BH=152.25±10.22 cm, and mean body mass BM=43.93±11.51 kg, and boys (N=747), mean age=10.95±1.41, mean BH=153.26±11.18 cm, and mean BM=46.16±13.21 kg. A nutritional status was defined by body mass index (BMI) and compared to the references developed by World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Prevalence diff erences relative to age and gender were analyzed as well. Results suggest that IOTF is the most appropriate method in absence of national references for growth and nutritional status. Furthermore, increase in prevalence of overweight and obese in boys was relatively high considering the time frame (5 years), while increase in girls was somewhat smaller, but nevertheless present. In total, every third (WHO) or every fourth (CDC and IOTF) child in Montenegro aged 9-13 years is either overweight or obese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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