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The electrochemical formation of Sc-Cu alloy was investigated in LiF-CaF2 eutectic molten salt employing various electrochemical methods. Cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry indicate that the reduction of scandium(III) on the tungsten electrode is a one-step reduction process with three electrons transfer. As well as underpotential deposition of scandium on the copper electrode occurs owing to the depolarization effect, i.e., forming Sc-Cu intermetallic compounds. The thermodynamic properties of the Sc-Cu intermetallic compounds ScCu4, ScCu2, and ScCu in the temperature range of 1153–1223 K were estimated by open-circuit chronopotentiometry. Moreover, the Sc-Cu alloy were prepared by potentiostatic electrolysis and characterized by optical microscope, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results reveal that only Sc-Cu alloy composed of Cu-ScCu4 can be synthesized at low cathodic current density and above eutectic temperature.

In the present work, thermal decomposition of ASs in air was characterized by a combination of TG-DSC, XRD, and TG-FTIR. The treatment of generated toxic (CN)

Magnesiothermic reduction reaction (MRR) is an effective method to synthesis Si nanoparticles. In this paper, the heat effect and MRR kinetics were investigated by real-time temperature monitoring and analyzing the DSC curve of the MRR. It was found that the MRR onset temperature is about 465 °C, and the system temperature rose sharply at 535 °C. After the disappearance of the magnesium phase, the system temperature remained consistent with the set value. The exothermic peak lags and the spike decreases when adding NaCl into the system. The MRR was chemical reaction control, corresponding with the apparent activation energy was 193.456 kJ·mol-1 (without NaCl) and 191.434 kJ·mol-1 (with NaCl) in the temperature interval 465 °C −700 °C, respectively. NaCl affects the reaction mechanism by lowering the temperature of the system. Our work successfully prepared the spherical Si nanoparticles, which average grain size increased from 25 nm to 40 nm with the extended reaction duration. The conversion rate of porous SiO2 precursor was as high as 92%.

Li1-xNbxFePO4/C has been prepared by wet mechanical stirring–assisted high-temperature ball milling route. Wet mechanical stirring was considered to be effective to promote the dispersion of the precursor in solution. Effect of Nb-doping amount was explored for enhancing the properties of LiFePO4/C. The experimental results showed that Li0.98Nb0.02FePO4/C displayed a well-crystallized structure of LiFePO4 and excellent electrochemical performance. It exhibited that the initial discharge capacities were 164.9 mAhg−1 at 0.1 C and 118.8 mAhg−1 at a rate of 10 C, respectively. Moreover, it achieved a specific capacity of 114.3 mAhg−1 at a 10 C rate after 200 cycles with a capacity fading rate of 3.8%. Thus, Nb-doping is recommended as a beneficial technique to improve the electrochemical properties of LiFePO4.

LiFePO4/graphene (LiFePO4/G) cathode material was prepared by a facile ultrasound assisted high temperature ball milling method. Ultrasound assisted was found to be effective to promote the dispersing of the precursor in solution. Physical and electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/G were studied. The results exhibited that graphene combined with the LiFePO4 clusters giving rise to a conductive network. LiFePO4/G displayed a well-crystallized LiFePO4 structure and excellent electrochemical performance. The initial discharge capacities of LiFePO4/G were 162.8, 156.8, 151.9, 145.8, 137.5 and 121.6 mAhg−1 at rates of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10 C, respectively. Moreover, at 0.1 C-rate, the capacity was 160.4 mAhg−1 over 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 98.5%. It is concluded that graphene is a conductive additive which can enhance the electrochemical properties of LiFePO4.

LiMn2O4 cathode material was prepared by high temperature ball milling combustion using lithium acetate, manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate as raw materials and citric acid as fuel. The effects of milling temperature improving the electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4 were investigated. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, galvanostatic testing, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to analyze the as-prepared materials in this work. The experimental results showed that the best electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4 was obtained with material synthesized at 600 °C. The initial discharge capacities were 132, 121, 109, 93, 76 and 58 mAh g−1 at rates of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 C, 2.0, 5.0 and 10 C, respectively. Moreover, after 50 cycles, at a rate of 0.1 C, the capacity of LiMn2O4 sample was 125 mAh g−1, and its capacity retention rate achieved 94.7%. It is concluded that this novel synthesis method is a promising method for preparation of LiMn2O4.

An innovative composite photocatalyst ZnO/bone char (ZnO/BC) was prepared using precipitation of ZnO precursor on bone char. The UV–vis absorbance spectrum showed that ZnO/BC has strong visible light absorption. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO/BC was evaluated by degradation of methylene blue (MB) under solar simulator irradiation; and the effects of oxygen, pH, holes (h + ) and hydroxyl radicals ( OH) on the photocatalytic efficiency have been studied. Results showed that the dissolved oxygen contributes to the photocatalytic reaction in MB alkaline solution. The photocatalytic process mainly depends on the pH of the solution. In alkaline solution, OH − can be oxidized by h + to form active OH. Meanwhile, the increase of MB on bone char enhances the contact to active h + and OH produced on the surface of ZnO, enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency and reaction rate. The photocatalysis of ZnO/BC mainly resulted from direct oxidation of MB caused by photoinduced holes.

LiFePO4-x/3Fx/C (x = 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09) were obtained via wet mechanical agitation-assisted high-temperature ball milling method. XRD, SEM, TEM, galvanostatic testing, EIS, and CV were applied to study the effects of the amount of F-doping on the structure and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C. The results showed that LiFePO3.98F0.06/C displayed the best electrochemical performance: its initial discharge capacities were 162.6 (0.1 C), 156.6 (0.5 C), 150.2 (1.0 C), 144.5 (2.0 C), 131.6 (5.0 C), and 115.8 mAhg−1 (10 C), respectively. Moreover, its discharge capacity was 110.5 mAhg−1 over 100 cycles with a capacity retention rate of 95.4% at 10 C-rate. F-doping is suggested to be an effective approach to enhance the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4.

The mechanism of the electrochemical reduction of vanadium trioxide (V2O3) towards the formation of metallic vanadium in molten NaF-AlF3 salts was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and constant potential electrolysis. The porous V2O3 precursors were prepared from ammonium polyvanadate through coal gas reduction and sintering. The cathodic products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results indicated that the direct electrochemical reduction of V2O3 and aluminothermic reduction reaction both occurred during the reduction of V2O3, and the latter played a key role. A rapid electro-reduction of V2O3 was achieved, through which the oxygen content of the formed metallic vanadium decreased to 0.216 mass% after 4 h of electrolysis. The oxygen removed from the V2O3 cathode partly transported to the carbon anode in the form of Al–O–F complex ions, and partly existed in the form of aluminum oxide, which was then electrolyzed to realize the circulation of aluminum in the system.

The construction of a low-cost and green copper recovery method in gold plants is extremely important for treating CuSCN-containing refractory acidified sediments (ASs). In this work, an effective and environmentally-friendly hydrometallurgical process, consisting of thiosulfate leaching and protective electrodeposition, was proposed for selective copper recovering from ASs. The effects of leaching parameters on the leaching efficiency were systematically investigated. Subsequently, cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, and chronoamperometry were utilized to determine the predominant speciation and investigate the electrochemical behavior of the leachate. Eventually, the optimum electrolysis parameters for copper recovery were considered. The results demonstrated that the selective leaching efficiency of copper reached 99% under optimum leaching conditions, while no zinc and iron were leached, which coincides with the results of speciation calculations. Simultaneously, the kinetic analysis indicated that the leaching process exhibited a diffusion-controlled step with an apparent activation energy of 13.64 kJ/mol. Na2Zn3Fe(CN)6 as the main ingredient of the leaching residue was formed, which played a vital role in facilitating the copper leaching process. The electrochemical measurements indicated that the [Cu(S2O3)3]5- complex was the dominant species in the pH range from 7.0 to 11.0, and the mass transfer diffusion was the main resistance element for the cathodic reduction of the [Cu(S2O3)3]5- complex. Regarding the S2O32− stability, it decomposed more easily into S, S2−, S4O62−, and SO42− in the presence of Cu2+. However, the presence of SO32− significantly alleviated thiosulfate decomposition. The electrodeposition experiments showed that metallic copper was obtained with a recovery efficiency of 95%, current efficiency of 50%, and energy consumption of 1.25 kW h/kg Cu. This research developed an approach for the efficiently recycling ASs, yielding great economic results and more favorable environmental performance.

In this paper, we proposed a combined leaching-electrowinning approach to recover Cu from AVR sediment. Firstly, speciation diagrams of the metal-cyanide (Cu, Zn and Fe) system were constructed using thermodynamic calculations. Afterward, leaching-electrowinning experiments were systematically conducted. The speciation calculations showed that CuSCN was converted into Cu-CN compounds when the CNT/Cu mole ratio exceeded 1.71. The cyanide ions complexed with Zn2+ were completely captured by Cu+ when the Cu/Zn mole ratio reached 5.0, yielding the formation of zinc hexacyanoferrate composite or Zn(OH)2 precipitation. Corresponding leaching results indicated that the selective Cu leaching from AVR sediment was realized with the leaching efficiency of 99%, forming Na2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2 as the main ingredient of the residue at the optimal leaching conditions. Cyclic voltammetry tests suggested that cuprocyanide complexes were dominantly presented as [Cu(CN)2]− complexes in the leachate (5680 mg/L, CNT/Cu mole ratio of 2.18), exhibiting much higher current density than that of [Cu(CN)3]2− in the cyanide effluent. However, during the electrowinning process, [Cu(CN)2]− were gradually converted into higher-order complexes, and the cathodic current efficiency decreased correspondingly. Ultimately, the Cu recovery of 92% was achieved with a current efficiency of 57% and energy consumption of 1.91 kW·h/kg Cu.

N doped TiO 2 /NiFe 2 O 4 /diatomite (NND) photocatalytic composite was fabricated via a facile two-step sol-gel method. Its crystal structure, morphology, specific surface area, pore size distribution and magnetic property were systematically characterized and analyzed. The photoactivity of NND was investigated via the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) solution under visible light irradiation. NND achieved high photodegradation efficiency due to the synergy between adsorption of diatomite (Dt) and degradation of TiO 2 , as well as the synergy between TiO 2 and NiFe 2 O 4 . NND could be simply separated from aquatic environment using an external magnet, due to the ferromagnetism of NiFe 2 O 4 . We consider that NND is applicable for wastewater treatment.

LiFePO 4 /C cathode material for lithium ion battery was prepared with lithium dihydrogen phosphate, iron oxide, and glucose monohydrate as raw materials. In an attempt to improve the electrochemical performance, the influence of Li:Fe molar ratio was investigated in this paper. Experimental results showed that the best electrochemical performance of LiFePO 4 /C was reached in this study, when Li:Fe molar ratio was 1.03:1 synthesized preheated ball milling temperature at 300 °C for 1 h, and then ball milling temperature at 650 °C for 8 h, at the rates of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10 C, the initial discharge capacities of 157 (± 2), 151 (± 2), 144 (± 2), 136 (± 2), 119 (± 2), 102 (± 2) mAhg − 1 , respectively. Moreover, after 50 cycles, at rate of 0.1 C, the capacity of LiFePO 4 /C sample was 155 (± 2) mAhg − 1 , and its capacity retention rate achieve 99.5%.

LiFePO4/C cathode material for lithium ion battery was prepared with lithium dihydrogen phosphate, iron oxide, glucose and polyethylene glycol 12,000 as raw materials. In an attempt to improve the electrochemical performance, influence of synthesis method was investigated in this paper. Experimental results showed that the best electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C was reached in this study, when raw materials were directly wet mixed to obtain precursors, the precursors through high temperature ball milling with ball milling at 650 °C for 8 h. At the rate of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10 and 20C, the initial discharge capacities of 154.4, 150.2, 146.1, 137.3, 127.7, 115.8 and 97.5 mAhg−1 were achieved, respectively. Moreover, after 50 cycles, at a rate of 0.5C, the capacity of LiFePO4/C sample was 144.4 mAhg−1, and its capacity retention rate achieved 96.1%. It is implied that high temperature ball milling method is a promising method for preparation of LiFePO4/C with an excellent electrochemical performance.

Ce-doped TiO2/NiFe2O4/diatomite (CTND) composite was prepared via a facile sol-gel method. This ternary composite combined the advantages of the following components: excellent adsorption capability of diatomite (Dt), visible-light-driven photoactivity of Ce-doped TiO2 (Ce-TiO2), and magnetic recyclability of ferrite NiFe2O4. CNTD catalyst was characterized by various analytical methods to investigate its physicochemical properties. The visible-light-driven photoactivity of CTND composite was evaluated by the degradation of antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) under visible light irradiation, the kinetic data of this process were calculated, and the optimal amount of Ce dopant was determined. The active species involved during this process were detected by various scavengers. In addition, the mechanism of this process was proposed. CTND exhibited ferromagnetism, thus it could be separated from water environment after degradation using an external magnet. The reusability test proved its good photo-stability and recyclability. We proposed that CTND is qualified to be applied in wastewater treatment.

Ce/N co-doped TiO2/NiFe2O4/diatomite (CN-TND) hybrid catalyst was prepared via sol-gel method. This ternary composite combined the advantages of three components: adsorption capability of diatomite (Dt), visible-light-driven photoactivity of Ce/N co-doped TiO2 (Ce/N-TiO2), and magnetic recyclability of ferrite NiFe2O4. The physicochemical properties of CN-TND were characterized by various analytical methods. The visible-light-driven photoactivity of CN-TND was investigated by the degradation of tetracycline (TC) and disinfection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) under visible light irradiation, and the optimal amount of Ce dopant was determined. In addition, the kinetic data of the degradation process were obtained, and the mechanism of this process was proposed. Different scavengers detected the active species involved during the degradation process. CN-TND exhibited ferromagnetism, thus it could be simply separated from the reactor by an external magnet. The reusability test proved its excellent photocatalytic stability and recyclability. We consider it suitable for the application of wastewater treatment.

Eliminating antibiotic remnants in aquatic environment has become one of the hottest topics among current research works. Thus, we prepared Ce, N co-doped TiO 2 /diatomite granule (CNTD-G) catalyst to provide a new method. As one typical antibiotics, oxytetracycline (OTC) was selected as the target pollutant to be degradated under visible light irradiation. The carrier diatomite helped the spread of TiO 2 nanoparticles onto its surface, and inhibited their agglomeration. The synergy of Ce and N dopants highly improved the visible-light-driven photoactivity of TiO 2 . The optimal doping amount and degradation conditions were determined. Besides, the effects of impurity ions were also investigated, including cations: Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ; or anions: NO 3 − , SO 4 2− and PO 4 3− . The intermediates generated during degradation process were studied, and the mechanism of the photodegradation process was proposed. CNTD-G could be easily collected from the reactor, and showed excellent recyclability.

The industrial application of TiO 2 as photocatalyst is still limited due to its low reusability and requirement for UV light. For this reason, we combined nitrogen-doping with particle immobilization to prepare granulated N-doped TiO 2 /diatomite (GNTD) composite for both water treatment and bacteria inactivation. Pretreated diatomite was found to be a good TiO 2 supporter, due to its high adsorption capability to enrich target molecules around TiO 2 nanoparticles, which improves its photo-oxidation efficiency, and granulation increases its recoverability. Kinetic studies indicated that GNTD catalyst showed good degradation capability towards Rhodamine B ( RhB ) under visible light irradiation. It also demonstrated its superior ability to inactivate bacteria, including gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and gram-negative Escherichia coli ( E. coli ). Characterization results show that TiO 2 nanoparticles were immobilized onto the surface of diatomite via chemical bonding. Moreover, GNTD composite could be simply recycled for reuse, and still showed stable photo-activity. All these advantages of GNTD composite prove itself as a promising material for industrial applications.

Pharmaceutical wastes, such as antibiotics, have been successfully degradated by TiO2 under UV light irradiation. Yet, similar work has seldom been done by visible light responsive catalysts. In this work, we prepared N doped TiO2/diatomite integrated photocatalytic pellet (N-IPP), and evaluated its photoactivity by degradating tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) solution. According to the degradation results, optimal experimental and preparation conditions were determined. Besides, the effects of inorganic ions were also investigated: Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3−, SO42− and PO43−. According to BET results, the specific surface area of N-IPP pellet was similar to that of N-TiO2/diatomite powder. SEM and TEM images showed that, the hierarchical porous structure of diatomite helped TiO2 nanoparticles disperse well on its surface and prevented their agglomeration. XRD and XPS analysis revealed that, the formation of Si–O–Ti bond and N dopant restrained the crystal growth of TiO2. Various intermediates generated during degradation process were illustrated, and active species were determined using scavengers, then we concluded the degradation pathway and mechanism of N-IPP. Moreover, N-IPP exhibited good reusability and could be easily filtrated from the reactor.

Novel composite photocatalysts ZnO/bone char (ZnO/BC) were prepared using a simple chemical precipitation method by integrating ZnO precursor with bone or pyrolytic bone char. UV–vis DRS showed that the increase of pyrolytic bone char in ZnO/BC composites enhanced the absorbance of visible light. The photocatalytic activities of ZnO/BC were examined by photocatalytic degradation of alkaline methylene blue dye under simulated sunlight irradiation. Result showed that with ZnO nano-particle precipitation on the surface of pyrolytic bone char, the ZnO/BC can fully utilize visible light to decompose methylene blue. This study indicates that the combination and treatment of ZnO/BC result in a very good photocatalytic performance; and this composite can be used for large scale wastewater treatment.

The low-temperature molten Na3AlF6–K3AlF6–AlF3 salts were evaluated in order to perform the electrochemical reduction of vanadium sesquioxide. By using cyclic voltammetry and constant potential electrolysis, the cathodic reduction reactions were determined and the promoting effect of oxygen concentration in the electrolyte on the process was proved. A rapid electro-reduction of vanadium sesquioxide was achieved under a constant voltage of 4 V at 850°C, the vanadium metal with an oxygen content of 0.3 mass% was obtained. The corresponding current efficiency was around 60%. The reaction kinetic pathway was systematically investigated by analyzing the phase transformations and microstructure evolutions of the products prepared at different electrolysis durations. The reduction mechanism was concluded to start by the direct electro-reduction of V2O3 accompanied with the implantation of aluminium ions to form AlV2O4 intermediate, which was then reduced to vanadium directly through aluminothermic reduction, with aluminium reductant being generated from the electrodeposition reaction. Additionally, by using the low-temperature fluoride salts as the electrolyte, the formed AlV2O4 showed a porous structure composed of small and uniform intermediate particles, which was obviously different from the observations in traditional molten Na3AlF6 salt. This structure could provide more active sites for the reduction reaction and shorten the diffusion path for O2− ion in the solid phase. The possible microstructure transformation mechanisms were also discussed.

ZnO/bone char (ZnO/BC) composites were successfully synthesized by the precipitation of a ZnO precursor on pyrolytic bone char. The effects of bone char size, mass ratio of ZnO to BC, and molar ratio of ZnO to triethylamine (TEA) on the microstructure, specific surface area, and light absorbance of ZnO/BC were studied. The photocatalytic property of ZnO/BC was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue. Results show that with a uniform nano-ZnO particle layer distributed evenly on the bone char surface, ZnO/BC has the strongest light absorbance and can effectively degrade methylene blue. The photocatalytic performance of ZnO/BC is related to the light absorbance of the photocatalyst, as well as the amount and distribution state of the loaded ZnO. This study indicates that bovine bone waste can be used as a nano-photocatalyst carrier to prepare photocatalytic composites, which is not only a good way to clean wastewater but also an ideal solution to utilize animal bone waste.

Spinel Li4Ti5O12 was synthesized via a high temperature ball milling route with the assistance of ultrasonic dispersion, mechanical agitation, and glucose monohydrate solid phase dispersant, respectively. The crystal structures and the electrochemical properties of the as-prepared Li4Ti5O12 were systematically investigated. The results showed the as-prepared samples were highly-crystalline and exhibited high capacities and good cycle stabilities. The initial discharge capacity of sample C5 mixed with 5% glucose monohydrate reached 187.003 mA h/g at 0.1 C-rate, and retained at 183.509 mA h/g after 20 cycles. This facile solid phase dispersant-assisted high temperature ball milling method could be an excellent way to synthesize Li4Ti5O12 for practical applications.

The Ce-TiO 2 /KL (diatomite) ball photocatalyst was prepared and characterized based on the pretreated diatomite. The results showed that comparing with the crude diatomite, proper pretreatment could significantly improve its SiO 2 purity and specific surface area. The surface of diatomite was clear with uniform pore structure and big pore size. With diatomite ball as carrier, the supported Ce-TiO 2 /KL ball photocatalyst was prepared by sol-gel method. The photocatalytic performances of the supported Ce-TiO 2 / KL ball and Ce-TiO 2 /KL powder photocatalysts under various preparation conditions were studied in view of photocatalytic degradation rate of Rhodamine B (Rh B) solution. The degradation rate of the ball photocatalysts for Rh B reached 94.6% and could be reused for many times, which showed much better photocatalytic performance and stability than powder photocatalysts.

Eliminating antibiotic remnants in aquatic environment has become one of the hottest topics among current research works. Thus, we prepared Ce, N co-doped TiO

SrCl 2 -based molten salt system, i.e. SrCl 2 –KCl, was selected to enhance the electrochemical reduction of TiO 2 powder via OS process, utilizing both high solubility of SrO and Sr in SrCl 2 melt and extremely high oxygen affinity of active metal (Sr). In this study, titanium dioxide particles were reduced in a three-electrode cell consisting of a sinking Mo cathode in molten SrCl 2 –KCl, and the reduction mechanism and reaction pathway of the oxide powder were explored by using cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic electrolysis methods. Electrochemical tests showed that with small addition of SrO in the melt TiO 2 firstly transformed to SrTiO 3 , then reduced to Ti–O solid solution and finally converted to metallic titanium; electro-deoxidization of TiO 2 powder initiated only at the early stage of electrolysis and electro-metallothermic reduction mechanism dominated the deoxidization reaction pathway. Metallic titanium powder containing 0.58 wt% oxygen with average particle size around 1 μm was produced in the 80 wt% SrCl 2 -20 wt% KCl bath at 800 °C with 1 wt% SrO added to the melt.

The photocatalytic film Ce doped V x O y /TiO 2 was loaded on cordierite honeycomb (CHC), and this composite was prepared by sol-gel and dipping method, with Ce, oxides of V and TiO 2 as dopant and key substances, respectively. Using gaseous 1,2-dichlorobenzene to replace dioxin as target pollutant, dual degradation experiments at 140–280 °C were carried out (thermal decomposition and photodegradation), and the effects of preparation conditions on catalytic activity were investigated: doping amount of Ce, dipping time in the gel, the concentration of ammonium metavanadate (NH 4 VO 3 ) solution, dipping time in NH 4 VO 3 solution, sintering temperature. The gaseous samples were taken before and after the reactor and analyzed by gas chromatography. According to the results, the optimal preparation conditions were determined, and the corresponding removal rate was above 95% after 90 min of degradation at 280 °C. The composite was examined by ultrasonic to analyze the adhesive strength between the film and CHC, and further characterized by XRD and SEM. Furthermore, flue gas from waste incinerator was chosen as target pollutant, which contained PCDD/Fs, the industrial sidestream degradation experiment was carried out and showed excellent removal efficiency of the composite, the removal rate of PCDD/Fs reached ca. 90% after 90 min of degradation.

A novel approach has been developed to synthesize lithium titanate assembled by highly-crystalline micron-sized particles. The fabrication process was very simple, involving only a high temperature ball milling method with Li 2 CO 3 and amorphous TiO 2 as starting materials. The ball milling and its influence on the synthesis temperature, the morphology and electrochemical performance of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 were uniformly investigated in this paper. The results showed the dispersion of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 powder with sizes of around 0.5–2 μm and with an irregular shape. Results from the discharge measurements indicated that the sample A 2 synthesized at 750 °C exhibited an excellent initial discharge capability of 170.313 mA h/g at 0.1 C-rate. After 16 cycles, the capacity retention was 91.6%. This facile high temperature ball milling method could be an expectant practical powder technology for the synthesis of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 in industrial production.