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E-commerce provides rich multimodal data that is barely leveraged in practice. One aspect of this data is a category tree that is being used in search and recommendation. However, in practice, during a user’s session there is often a mismatch between a textual and a visual representation of a given category. Motivated by the problem, we introduce the task of category-to-image retrieval in e-commerce and propose a model for the task, CLIP-ITA. The model leverages information from multiple modalities (textual, visual, and attribute modality) to create product representations. We explore how adding information from multiple modalities (textual, visual, and attribute modality) impacts the model’s performance. In particular, we observe that CLIP-ITA significantly outperforms a comparable model that leverages only the visual modality and a comparable model that leverages the visual and attribute modality.

Ice has a very high plastic anisotropy with easy dislocation glide on basal planes, while glide on non-basal planes is much harder. Basal glide involves dislocations with the Burgers vector b = 〈a〉, while glide on non-basal planes can involve dislocations with b = 〈a〉, b = [c], and b = 〈c + a〉. During the natural ductile flow of polar ice sheets, most of the deformation is expected to occur by basal slip accommodated by other processes, including non-basal slip and grain boundary processes. However, the importance of different accommodating processes is controversial. The recent application of micro-diffraction analysis methods to ice, such as X-ray Laue diffraction and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), has demonstrated that subgrain boundaries indicative of non-basal slip are present in naturally deformed ice, although so far the available data sets are limited. In this study we present an analysis of a large number of subgrain boundaries in ice core samples from one depth level from two deep ice cores from Antarctica (EPICA-DML deep ice core at 656 m of depth) and Greenland (NEEM deep ice core at 719 m of depth). EBSD provides information for the characterization of subgrain boundary types and on the dislocations that are likely to be present along the boundary. EBSD analyses, in combination with light microscopy measurements, are presented and interpreted in terms of the dislocation slip systems. The most common subgrain boundaries are indicative of basal 〈a〉 slip with an almost equal occurrence of subgrain boundaries indicative of prism [c] or 〈c + a〉 slip on prism and/or pyramidal planes. A few subgrain boundaries are indicative of prism 〈a〉 slip or slip of 〈a〉 screw dislocations on the basal plane. In addition to these classical polygonization processes that involve the recovery of dislocations into boundaries, alternative mechanisms are discussed for the formation of subgrain boundaries that are not related to the crystallography of the host grain.The finding that subgrain boundaries indicative of non-basal slip are as frequent as those indicating basal slip is surprising. Our evidence of frequent non-basal slip in naturally deformed polar ice core samples has important implications for discussions on ice about plasticity descriptions, rate-controlling processes which accommodate basal glide, and anisotropic ice flow descriptions of large ice masses with the wider perspective of sea level evolution.

This chapter describes European children's level of self-reported digital literacy, measured by the ability to perform specific tasks, the range of online activities undertaken and the belief about one's own internet abilities. A nuanced answer is presented to the question whether European youth is really as skilful as often assumed. Differences in skills persist between children, due to gender, age and parental education. Moreover, skills vary between European countries. By multi-level analysis, both types of skill differences are studied simultaneously. The chapter discusses how self-reports of digital skills relate to digital literacy and the broader concept of media literacy. Care is needed, however, in using self-reported skill measures as proxies for media literacy when drawing out implications for future research and policy agendas.

Ice has a very high plastic anisotropy with easy dislocation glide on basal planes, while glide on non-basal planes is much harder. Basal glide involves dislocations with the Burgers vector b = 〈a〉, while glide on non-basal planes can involve dislocations with b = 〈a〉, b = [c], and b = 〈c + a〉. During the natural ductile flow of polar ice sheets, most of the deformation is expected to occur by basal slip accommodated by other processes, including non-basal slip and grain boundary processes. However, the importance of different accommodating processes is controversial. The recent application of micro-diffraction analysis methods to ice, such as X-ray Laue diffraction and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), has demonstrated that subgrain boundaries indicative of non-basal slip are present in naturally deformed ice, although so far the available data sets are limited. In this study we present an analysis of a large number of subgrain boundaries in ice core samples from one depth level from two deep ice cores from Antarctica (EPICA-DML deep ice core at 656 m of depth) and Greenland (NEEM deep ice core at 719 m of depth). EBSD provides information for the characterization of subgrain boundary types and on the dislocations that are likely to be present along the boundary. EBSD analyses, in combination with light microscopy measurements, are presented and interpreted in terms of the dislocation slip systems. The most common subgrain boundaries are indicative of basal 〈a〉 slip with an almost equal occurrence of subgrain boundaries indicative of prism [c] or 〈c + a〉 slip on prism and/or pyramidal planes. A few subgrain boundaries are indicative of prism 〈a〉 slip or slip of 〈a〉 screw dislocations on the basal plane. In addition to these classical polygonization processes that involve the recovery of dislocations into boundaries, alternative mechanisms are discussed for the formation of subgrain boundaries that are not related to the crystallography of the host grain. The finding that subgrain boundaries indicative of non-basal slip are as frequent as those indicating basal slip is surprising. Our evidence of frequent non-basal slip in naturally deformed polar ice core samples has important implications for discussions on ice about plasticity descriptions, rate-controlling processes which accommodate basal glide, and anisotropic ice flow descriptions of large ice masses with the wider perspective of sea level evolution.

Hoe kan de dijk weer volwaardig onderdeel worden van de maatschappij, zonder daarbij de veiligheid aan te tasten? Kunnen we onze democratie –die een oorsprong heeft in de waterschappen- herijken en waarde geven? Hoe maken van de dijk als technisch kunstwerk ook een democratisch kunstwerk dat past bij 21ste eeuw? Hoe transformeren we de verkrampte en functioneel eenzijdige dijk in een adaptieve en veelzijdige dijk?

Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and several mutations in different genes have been identified to contribute to the disease. A loss of function parkin RING1 domain mutant (C289G) is associated with autosomal-recessive juvenile-onset Parkinsonism (AR-JP) and displays altered solubility and sequesters into aggregates. Single overexpression of almost each individual member of the Hsp40 (DNAJ) family of chaperones efficiently reduces parkin C289G aggregation and requires interaction with and activity of endogenously expressed Hsp70 s. For DNAJB6 and DNAJB8, potent suppressors of aggregation of polyglutamine proteins for which they rely mainly on an S/T-rich region, it was found that the S/T-rich region was dispensable for suppression of parkin C289G aggregation. Our data implies that different disease-causing proteins pose different challenges to the protein homeostasis system and that DNAJB6 and DNAJB8 are highly versatile members of the DNAJ protein family with multiple partially non-overlapping modes of action with respect to handling disease-causing proteins, making them interesting potential therapeutic targets.

Contains fulltext : rapport-r2029.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Contains fulltext : rapport-r2018.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

TNO heeft in opdracht van het ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu een onderzoek gedaan naar de import en exportstromen binnen het Nederlandse wagenpark. Het doel van dit onderzoek is om de import en export van voertuigen over de laatste 7 jaar in detail in kaart te brengen. Hierdoor kunnen de gevolgen van verschillende stimuleringsmaatregelen, zoals voor zeer zuinige voertuigen, onderzocht worden. Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat de export van dieselvoertuigen groot is en vergelijkbaar met de jaarlijkse instroom door nieuw-verkoop. Ook worden diesels relatief jong geëxporteerd. Hybrides worden sinds enkele jaren relatief veel geëxporteerd. Dit hangt waarschijnlijk samen met het aflopen van leasecontracten. Er wordt nog geen export van zeer zuinige diesels waargenomen.

Galaxy clusters are the densest large scale structures in the Universe. This makes them ideal laboratories for studying the effect of environment on the formation and evolution of galaxies. To truly understand the role of environment in galaxy evolution it is essential that galaxy clusters are studied across cosmic time, back to when the Universe was still relatively young and galaxy clusters were still in the process of formation. Finding these forming galaxy clusters (or protoclusters) in the early Universe is difficult. One of the ways to do this is by looking at the environment of high-z radio galaxies. These special, very massive galaxies are often at the centre of overdensities that are expected to grow into galaxy clusters. In this thesis I have studied these protoclusters in order to determine what the nature of these structures is and how they evolve and whether there is any indication of environmental in fluence on the protocluster galaxies at such early times. I have also attempted to identify new protoclusters for future research.

Het aantal ‘oldtimers’ – personenauto’s van 25 jaar en ouder – en het gebruik van deze relatief vervuilende auto’s nemen toe. Vooral de recent geïmporteerde oldtimers rijden relatief veel kilometers, wat erop duidt dat ze steeds vaker niet alleen voor recreatief, maar ook voor dagelijks vervoer worden gebruikt. In 2011 bedroeg de uitstoot van oldtimers bijna 3 kiloton stikstofoxiden (NOx) en 0,2 kiloton fijn stof (PM10). Dat is respectievelijk 10 en 5 procent van de totale emissies van personenauto’s in datzelfde jaar, terwijl het aantal kilometers dat oldtimers aflegden slechts ongeveer 1,5 procent uitmaakte van het totale aantal kilometers gereden door personenauto’s. Van de totale uitstoot van stikstofoxiden en fijn stof van de sector verkeer en vervoer zijn oldtimers verantwoordelijk voor respectievelijk circa 2 en 6 procent. In 2015 is de uitstoot van oldtimers weliswaar nog steeds 3 kiloton stikstofoxiden en 0,2 kiloton fijn stof, maar is het aandeel van de oldtimers groter: op het totaal van de uitstoot door personenauto’s zijn de oldtimeremissies dan 15 procent stikstofoxiden en 5 procent fijn stof. Het aandeel in de emissie van stikstofoxiden stijgt, omdat de rest van het personenautopark schoner wordt als gevolg van de Europese emissienormering. De uitstoot kan in 2015 lager uitvallen als er landelijk een milieuzone wordt ingesteld waarmee alle oldtimers uit de bebouwde kom worden geweerd. De stikstofoxidenuitstoot kan dan met maximaal 2 tot 2,5 kiloton worden teruggedrongen, en de fijnstofuitstoot met maximaal 0,1 kiloton. Het zou dan moeten gaan om milieuzones die substantieel groter zijn dan de huidige milieuzones voor vrachtauto’s. Landelijk zou het aantal binnenstedelijke luchtknelpunten voor de fractie stikstofdioxide (NO2) hierdoor met circa 5 procent kunnen afnemen. Door de afname van de fijnstofuitstoot heeft een milieuzone ook positieve effecten op de gezondheid, omdat fijn stof veel schadelijker is voor de gezondheid dan stikstofdioxide. Bovengenoemde landelijke getallen en percentages kunnen in de praktijk echter niet worden bereikt, omdat een milieuzone niet overal kan worden ingevoerd. Een milieuzone kan lokaal echter wel degelijk effectief zijn om stikstofdioxideknelpunten weg te nemen en de blootstelling aan schadelijke stoffen te verminderen. Om deze lokale effecten van een milieuzone op de knelpunten en gezondheid op een verantwoorde manier te kunnen bepalen, is aanvullend onderzoek nodig. Daarbij moeten de omvang en handhaving van de milieuzone gedetailleerd worden uitgewerkt en moeten op lokaal niveau, bij voorkeur in samenwerking met gemeenten, de gevolgen voor de parksamenstelling en verkeersstromen worden ingeschat.