In order to improve the teaching quality and training efficiency of sports training, the human–computer interaction (HCI) technology of artificial intelligence technology is used to build an expert system, and the cognitive model of self-help navigation and hypertext navigation is designed for students, so that they can obtain the corresponding theoretical knowledge through the cognitive model in the system, and complete the training task better. The results show that the theoretical system of expert system can constantly update the knowledge system and case base. When students learn the relevant content and ask questions, the system can give some answers and assist students to complete the training work. The response time of the system is less than 5 s, the response time of more content is less than 10 s, and the accuracy of the system is about 90%. Therefore, the use of HCI technology in AI to design an efficient sports training environment teaching system is of great significance for improving students' learning efficiency, expanding the application of AI technology in the field of education and sports training, and for the development of technology and the improvement of teaching quality.