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A strong affinity is observed between fluorine and aluminum, which can both easily undergo sixth-level complexation to form \begin{document}${\mathrm{AlF}}_{{6}}^{{3-}} $\end{document}. Their coexistence with alkali metal ions (such as Li and Na) leads to the formation of a homogeneous solid solution, namely aluminum–sodium composite lithium salt, based on the stoichiometric ratio between the ions. The considerable affinity between fluorine–aluminum bonds and the insoluble nature of fluoroaluminate precipitation provide important guidance for the harmless treatment of fluorine-containing wastewater, aluminum removal from lithium battery positive electrode powder acid leaching solution, electrolytic aluminum smelting industry, and the geochemical and environmental chemical behavior research of aluminum and phosphorus in acidic fluorine-polluted soil. A current research hotspot focuses on the high-value recycling and reusing of iron and phosphorus components in waste lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries due to the rapid development of the new energy industry. However, the residual aluminum collector fluid transported by the positive electrode powder had high aluminum content in the recovered iron phosphate (FePO4), thereby affecting the electrochemical performance of regenerated FePO4 and reducing economic benefits. In this study, the synthesis of lithium sodium cryolite (Na3Li3Al2F12) by regulating the coordination of fluorine and aluminum was conducted using aluminum sulfate, lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate, and ammonium fluoride as raw materials. A basis for the fluorination coordination and removal of Al from waste LiFePO4 powder acid leaching solutions is presented based on an investigation of the precipitation–dissolution equilibrium behavior of Na3Li3Al2F12. The effects of the F/Al, Na/Al, and Li/Al molar ratios, initial reaction pH, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the coordination precipitation process were also investigated. The following optimized precipitation conditions were obtained: F/Al molar ratio of 7, Na/Al molar ratio of 1.5, Li/Al molar ratio of 2, reaction temperature of 70 ℃, reaction pH of 4.5, and reaction time of 3 h. Under optimal process conditions, the concentrations of various ions in the filtrate tended to stabilize after coordination and precipitation of Al through the fluorinating agent, revealing an Al3+ concentration of 75.43 mg·L−1. The solubility of Na3Li3Al2F12 in solutions with different values of pH was also investigated. At a temperature of 30 ℃ and a pH of less than 3, high acidity led to the high solubility of Na3Li3Al2F12. The pH had a minimal effect on the solubility of Na3Li3Al2F12 when the pH exceeded 3. Considering its guiding significance in practical applications, Al3+ reached a precipitation rate of 99.4% after NaF coordination precipitation of waste LiFePO4 cathode material acid leaching solution, thereby realizing deep removal of Al.

In the post-pandemic era, a growing emphasis on elevating the quality of tourism consumption has been observed. This study explores how different language portfolios on product packaging can influence tourists’ perceptions and purchase intentions to promote sustainable consumption. Previous studies on tourism product strategies often addressed national identity, power perception, and stereotypes, but overlooked the fundamental role of multilingual packaging strategies for enterprises and tourists. This study focuses on sake, which combines cultural and natural attributes, as its experimental object. Sub-studies 1, 2, and 3 empirically analyzed how perceptions of competence and warmth are affected by monolingual, bilingual, and trilingual properties of language packaging, respectively, and their impact on tourists’ purchase intentions. The findings suggest that monolingual and bilingual packaging enhances tourists’ competence perception, while trilingual packaging enhances tourists’ warmth perception, thereby stimulating tourists’ positive purchase intentions. Additionally, cultural identity significantly moderates the effectiveness of multilingual packaging strategies. Understanding these dynamics can help tourism enterprises design more effective promotional activities and packaging language strategies for tourists’ preferences. It can also enhance the post-pandemic tourism industry.

With the development of modern technologies, museums have been engaged in the competition for novel sensory resources. Taking into consideration the main body of visitors, their experiential representation has gradually become the focal point of the museums. However, at present, the museum display is limited to visual effect. The scientific and technological methods proposed by existing research have not really formed a deep cultural memory of historical stories, and the sustainable development paths of museums need to be further optimized. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the conception and path of museum auditory experience development, and to verify the existing patterns of empathy in museum auditory experience development. We set up digital music vocalization tools in the museum to temporarily create the immersion experience for digital music. In this scenario, we could meticulously observe the tourists’ experience, with the joint effect of active cognitive environment and environment-driven emotion. We also conducted a timely survey on the cognition, emotion, and experience of the observation subjects after the experiment. Last, empirical methods has been used to analyze the role of immersive empathy in enhancing visitors’ experience, in order to gain insights into visitors’ perception and cognition of the museum, integrating with the digital music. After analyzing the collected data, this study found that cognitive empathy has a significant positive impact on visitors’ experience. It indicated that for the historical stories presentation, the properly integration of museum and digital can help tourists deeply understand the historical events, which could restore the cultural connotation conveyed by the designer. Emotional empathy also has a significant positive impact on visitors’ experience. It showed that that the rendering of digital music will motivate visitors’ emotional fluctuation, during their visit to the museum. And through the combination of audio-visual effects, the constructed spatial perception, allowing visitors to enjoy immersive experience. This study proposed a vision for the development of auditory experiences in museums, based on both cognitively active immersion and emotionally passive immersion of visitors. We also suggested that in the new era, museums need to reform with voice, to timely adjust and innovate their way to exhibit cultural relics, with the hierarchical design of audiovisual integration to construct a more appealing scene and atmosphere.

Safety evaluation of toppling rock slopes developing in reservoir areas is crucial. To reduce the uncertainty of safety evaluation, this study developed a composite cloud model, which improved the combination weights of the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) methods. A safety evaluation system was developed according to in situ monitoring data. The backward cloud generator was used to calculate the numerical characteristics of a cloud model of quantitative indices, and different virtual clouds were used to synthesize some clouds into a generalized one. The synthesized numerical characteristics were calculated to comprehensively evaluate the safety of toppling rock slopes. A case study of a toppling rock slope near the Huangdeng Hydropower Station in China was conducted using monitoring data collected since operation of the hydropower project began. The results indicated that the toppling rock slope was moderately safe with a low safety margin. The composite cloud model considers the fuzziness and randomness of safety evaluation and enables interchange between qualitative and quantitative knowledge. This study provides a new theoretical method for evaluating the safety of toppling rock slopes. It can aid in the predication, control, and even prevention of disasters.

Introduction The nutritional status of patients with gastric cancer (GC) after total gastrectomy continues to deteriorate and lasts a long time after discharge, which is an independent risk factor for mortality. Recent guidelines have recommended appropriate nutritional support after discharge for cancer surgery patients with malnutrition or nutritional risk. The evidence on the efficacy of oral immunonutritional supplement (INS) and its effect on long-term disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with GC is limited. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that oral INS compared to diet alone may improve 3-year DFS of GC patients with pathological stage III after total gastrectomy (Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 score ≥3 at discharge).Methods and analysis This is a pragmatic, open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled study. 696 eligible GC patients with pathological stage III after total gastrectomy will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to oral INS group or normal diet group for 6 months. The primary endpoint is 3-year DFS after discharge. The following secondary endpoints will be evaluated: 3-year overall survival; unplanned readmission rate at 3 and 6 months after discharge; quality of life, body mass index and haematological index at 3, 6 and 12 months after discharge; incidence of sarcopenia at 6 and 12 months after discharge; and the tolerance to chemotherapy. The adverse events of oral INS will also be evaluated during the intervention.Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the ethics committee of Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University (number 2021NZKY-069-01). The present study may validate the effectiveness of oral immunonutritional therapy in improving 3-year DFS for GC patients with pathological stage III after total gastrectomy for the first time. The results of this trial will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences.Trial registration number NCT05253716.

The laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of plate laser beam splitter (PLBS) coatings is closely related to the subsurface absorption defects of the substrate. Herein, a two-step deposition temperature method is proposed to understand the effect of substrate subsurface impurity defects on the LIDT of PLBS coatings. Firstly, BK7 substrates are heat-treated at three different temperatures. The surface morphology and subsurface impurity defect distribution of the substrate before and after the heat treatment are compared. Then, a PLBS coating consisting of alternating HfO2–Al2O3 mixture and SiO2 layers is designed to achieve a beam-splitting ratio (transmittance to reflectance, s-polarized light) of approximately 50:50 at 1053 nm and an angle of incidence of 45°, and it is prepared under four different deposition processes. The experimental and simulation results show that the subsurface impurity defects of the substrate migrate to the surface and accumulate on the surface during the heat treatment, and become absorption defect sources or nodule defect seeds in the coating, reducing the LIDT of the coating. The higher the heat treatment temperature, the more evident the migration and accumulation of impurity defects. A lower deposition temperature (at which the coating can be fully oxidized) helps to improve the LIDT of the PLBS coating. When the deposition temperature is 140°C, the LIDT (s-polarized light, wavelength: 1064 nm, pulse width: 9 ns, incident angle: 45°) of the PLBS coating is 26.2 J/cm2, which is approximately 6.7 times that of the PLBS coating deposited at 200°C. We believe that the investigation into the laser damage mechanism of PLBS coatings will help to improve the LIDT of coatings with partial or high transmittance at laser wavelengths.

Abstract Large-scale layers peeling after the laser irradiation of dual ion beam sputtering coatings is discovered and a model is established to explain it. The laser damage morphologies relate to the laser fluence, showing thermomechanical coupling failure at low energy and coating layers separation at high energy. High-pressure gradients appear in the interaction between laser and coatings, resulting in large-scale layer separation. A two-step laser damage model including defect-induced damage process and ionized air wave damage process is proposed to explain the two phenomena at different energy. At relatively high energies (higher than 20 J/cm2), ionization of the air can be initiated, leading to a peeling off effect. The peeling effect is related to the thermomechanical properties of the coating materials.

The tourism economy has become a new driving force for economic growth, and film-induced tourism in particular has been widely proven to promote economic and cultural development. Few studies focus on analyzing the inherent characteristics of the economic and cultural effects of film-induced tourism, and the research on the dynamic mechanism of the sustainable development of film-induced tourism is relatively limited. Therefore, from the perspective of the integration of culture and industry, the research explores the dynamic mechanism of sustainable development between film-induced culture and film-induced industry through a questionnaire survey of 1,054 tourism management personnel, combined with quantitative empirical methods. The conclusion shows that the degree of integration of culture and tourism is an important mediating role that affects the dynamic mechanism of sustainable development of film-induced tourism, and the development of film-induced tourism depends on the integration of culture and industry. Constructing a diversified industrial integration model according to local conditions and determining the development path of resource, technology, market, product integration, and administrative management can become the general trend of the future development of film-induced tourism.

With the advent of the information age and advancement of digital technology, film and television tourism is developing rapidly under the joint action of the film industry and tourism industry, and has become a crucial form of cultural and entertainment consumption for individuals to pursue a better life in the new age. This study designs three experiments from the perspectives of identity conversion, motivation transfer, and demand change to conduct an empirical study on the mediating role of empathy for further exploring the internal mechanism of film-induced tourism in film and television tourism. The findings suggest that the three mediation hypotheses are all valid, indicating that film-induced tourism involves identity conversion from audiences to visitors, motivation transfer from watching to traveling, and demand change from interest to expectation through emotional media.

Previous studies have shown that the empathy process is the main driving factor that triggers tourists’ intention to visit Internet celebrity spots. However, the academic community has not yet formed a unified understanding of the concrete mechanism. Based on this, this study combines the connotations of meme theory and empathy theory and applies Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to empirically analyze 340 valid samples of Internet celebrity spots visitors to explore the influence mechanism of attributional factors on travel intention. The result shows that mechanism of travel intention can be presented as a psychological model in which travel attribution of tourists to visit Internet celebrity spots is the independent variable, the travel intention is the dependent variable, and the empathy process is the intermediary variable. The influence intensity of internal attribution on affective empathy is higher than that of external attribution, while the influence intensity of external attribution on cognitive empathy has a comparative advantage, and there is a significant difference between them. Empathy process has a significant mediating effect on the relationship between travel attribution and travel intention of tourists to visit Internet celebrity spots, and the mediating effect of affective empathy is significantly greater than that of cognitive empathy. Overall, this study reveals the segmentation elements with strong explanatory power in the behavior of “internet celebrity spots punch in,” examines the practical effect of empathy process in the behavioral intention of traveling, and provides a theoretical reference for the transformation and upgrading of tourist destinations and marketing planning of online communication in the future.

This study aims to uncover the relationship among multicultural differences, empathy, and the behaviors of risk prevention and control in the context of crisis events by using a sample of 300 individuals in 10 different multicultural countries. A theoretical logic model was applied to empirical analysis, and the results indicated that cultural differences positively influenced the behavior of empathy communication and risk prevention and control. Further analyses revealed that real-time monitoring of changes in empathy could provide better options of measures for local risk prevention and control when the same crisis event occurred in a multicultural context. With user-generated content (UGC) emerging in the web 2.0 era, this paper proposed a more profound empathy code regarding the periodicity of risk prevention and control. This paper expects to contribute to the circumvention of cognitive errors caused by cultural differences, and to further provide effective conduction for individuals' risk prevention and control behaviors.

Laser resistance and stress-free mirrors, windows, polarizers, and beam splitters up to $400~\mathrm{mm} \times 400~\mathrm{mm} $ are required for the construction of the series SG facilities. In order to improve the coating quality, a program has been in place for the last ten years. For the small-aperture pick-off mirror, the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) is above $60~\mathrm{J} / {\mathrm{cm} }^{2} $ (1064 nm, 3 ns), and the reflected wavefront is less than $\lambda / 4~(\lambda = 633~\mathrm{nm} )$. The Brewster-angle polarizing beam splitter ($\Phi 50\times 10~\mathrm{mm} $) shows the best LIDT result, up to $29. 8~\mathrm{J} ~{\mathrm{cm} }^{- 2} $ (1064 nm, 10 ns) for a p-polarized wave in the 2012 damage competition of the XLIV Annual Boulder Damage Symposium. For the larger-aperture mirror and polarizer, the LIDT is above $23~\mathrm{J} ~{\mathrm{cm} }^{- 2} $ (1064 nm, 3 ns) and $14~\mathrm{J} ~{\mathrm{cm} }^{- 2} $ (1064 nm, 3 ns), respectively. The reflected wavefront is less than $\lambda / 3~(\lambda = 633~\mathrm{nm} )$ at the used angle.