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We provide an exposition of the canonical self-duality associated to a presentation of a finite, flat, complete intersection over a Noetherian ring, following work of Scheja and Storch.

Erosion and deposition redistribute large quantities of sediment and soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural landscapes. In the perspective of global carbon cycling, the coupling between erosion processes and the fate of SOC is of particular interest. However, different concepts have been proposed to assess the impact of erosion-induced lateral and vertical carbon fluxes. On landscape scale, this resulted in contrasting conclusions if agricultural soils represent either a carbon sink or source. The large global area of arable soil and generally high erosion rates, make these insights important. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the different conceptual relations described governing C dynamics at sites of erosion, along the transport pathway and at depositional sites and the current state of knowledge on the fate of SOC upon erosion, transport and deposition in agricultural landscapes. The impact of erosion on SOC dynamics differs for sites of erosion, deposition and during transport, with further influences by agricultural practices (e.g. tillage and fertilisation). Controlling processes are the detachment of sediment and SOC, net primary production resulting in dynamic replacement and changes in mineralisation upon transport and deposition due to aggregate breakdown and deep burial, respectively. However, the exact magnitude and dominance of these processes are debated, resulting in a controversy whether arable land functions as a sink or source for atmospheric CO2. Global estimations range between a net sink strength of 0.06–1 versus a source of 0.27–1.14 Gt C yr− 1 for agricultural soils. An eco-geomorphologic approach, which encompasses physical- and biological-driven factors (e.g. spatio-temporal variation in biological, geomorphological and biological processes, environmental conditions, mineralisation, and net primary production) is of importance to balance the carbon budget and ascertain sink or source formation at landscape scale. High spatio-temporal variability on process-scale imposes constrains, to measure and model the fate of SOC upon erosion, with limited quantitative data available. Prospective research across the landscape (eroding sites, transport pathway, and depositional sites) should include all relevant processes at broad temporal and spatial scales. Definitive resolution of the sink/source controversy lies in further eco-geomorphologic research on the fate of SOC, focussing on long-term and spatial extensive monitoring studies, combined with advanced measuring, modelling and extrapolation techniques to cover broad spatio-temporal SOC dynamics. Ascertainment of carbon dynamics in agricultural landscapes provides important insights to balance the carbon budget and finally holds the answer on sink/source formation.

International audience; Beam-target double-spin asymmetries and target single-spin asymmetries were measured for the exclusive pi(0) electroproduction reaction. gamma(*) p -> p pi(0), expanding an analysis of the. gamma(*) p -> n pi(+) reaction from the same experiment. The results were obtained from scattering of 6-GeV longitudinally polarized electrons off longitudinally polarized protons using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The kinematic ranges covered are 1.1 < W < 3 GeV and 1 < Q(2) < 6 GeV2. Results were obtained for about 5700 bins in W, Q(2), cos(theta(*)), and phi(*). The beam-target asymmetries were found to generally be greater than zero, with relatively modest phi(*) dependence. The target asymmetries exhibit very strong phi(*) dependence, with a change in sign occurring between results at low W and high W, in contrast to pi(+) electroproduction. Reasonable agreement is found with phenomenological fits to previous data for W < 1.6 GeV, but significant differences are seen at higherW. When combined with cross-sectional measurements, as well as pi(+) observables, the present results will provide powerful constraints on nucleon resonance amplitudes at moderate and large values of Q(2), for resonances with masses as high as 2.4 GeV.