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Mystacides azureus (Linnaeus 1761) Figs. 1, 5A–5M, 6A1–6E6 Phryganea azurea Linnaeus 1761: 380. This species was originally described from Sweden and has been recorded in a broad geographical range from Western and Northern Europe to the Far East, including Japan. Although several authors described or illustrated the male and female of this species (e.g., Mosely 1939; Vshivkova et al. 1997), we provide illustrations of male and female genitalia of individuals from Japan for comparison (Figs 5A–5M, 6A1–6E6). We detected intraspecific variation in the shape of the male genitalia among Japanese individuals, although conspicuous morphological variation was not observed in the female. Remarks. The males exhibit great variation in the shape of tergum X even among individuals collected at the same time and place. The tergum X is produced into two asymmetrical spines posteriorly: In most populations, one spine is shorter and sinuous in the distal half and the other spine is curved and longer but variable in shape and length. The latter spine is slightly longer than the former and curved mesad in its apical half or bent mesad at midlength in more than half of the examined specimens (short type; Figs 6A 1, 6A 2, 6B1–6B4, 6C1, 6C 2, 6E 1–6E3), which type well agrees with European individuals (Kumanski 1988; Mosely 1939). However, in some specimens, the latter is far longer than the former and curved sigmoidally in dorsal aspect (long twist type; Figs 6A 5, 6C 5, 6C 6, 6E 5, 6E 6). In addition, a few specimens have the longer spine slightly curved outward subapically, representing an intermediate between the two types (Fig. 6A 3, 6A 4, 6C 3, 6C 4, 6E 4). In most specimens, the longer spine is crossing beneath the shorter. Frequencies of the long twist type vary geographically. Only a few or no long-twist type individuals were found in specimens collected in Hokkaidô and Kyûshû, but over 20% of individuals exhibit this type in specimens collected in Honshû and Shikoku (Table 1). The population in lakes in Ômachi, Nagano, and Honshû, however, exhibit a different type of shape of tergum X from the other populations (Figs 5F–5J): The usually short sinuate spine is usually longer than the curved one (reversal type; Figs 6D 1, 6D 2), although some specimens have the curved spine extending beyond the sinuate spine (Figs 6D 3, 6D 4), resembling the intermediate type. Specimens having more extended spines (Fig. 6D 5) almost agree with those of the long twist type. The degree of the posteroventral excisions of the inferior appendages in lateral aspect is also variable (Figs 5A, 5F, 6). The excision of specimens collected in Honshû (Figs 6C–6E) tends to be deeper than that in Hokkaidô (Figs 6A, 6B), but variation of this character within each population is rather small. The reversal type specimens of the Ômachi population closely resemble illustrations of Mystacides elongatus from China by Yang & Morse (2000). In addition, our female specimens of this species show no evident variation in genital morphology and are very similar to illustrations those of M. elongatus by them. These facts suggest that M. elongatus may be included in the variation of M. azureus. Morphological and molecular studies of M. elongatus specimens from China would be needed to clarify the relation of M. elongatus and M. azureus. HOKKAIDO: Kushiro: 57³ 2³(L) 3³ (I) 13♀, Kushiro-shi, Akan-chô, Akan-ko, 14.ix.1999, TI & N. Minakawa; 6³ 10♀, same location, 7.viii.2007, TI; 6³ 5♀, Kushiro-shi, Akan-chô, Ibeshibetsu-gawa R., 19.ix.1989, NK; 1³ 1³(L) 4♀, Kushiro-shi, Akan-chô, Panketô, 21.ix.1996, TI; 1³, same location, 14.ix.1999, N. Minakawa; 6³ 2♀, same location, 3–4.x.2006, TI; 1³ 2♀, same location, 8.viii.2007, TI; 7♀, Shibecha-chô, L. Shirarutoro-ko, 9.viii.2005, TI; 1³, same location, 16.viii.2007, TI; 1³, same location, 25.vii.2008, TI. Sôya: 16³ 8♀, Sarufutsumura, Asajino, 31.vii.2007, NK. Kamikawa: 1♀, Tôma-chô, Nakadai, 15.vii.2007, NK. Sorachi: 1♀, Yuni-chô, Kawabata, small stream, 15–30.viii.2007, NK. Ishikari: 1♀, Chitose-shi, Bibi, Bibi-gawa R., 29.viii.1991, TI; 1♀, same location, 5–26.ix.1993, TI; 4♀, Chitose-shi, Neshikoshi, Chitose-gawa R., 4.ix.1997, NK; 1³, Chitose-shi, Izumisawa, Mamachi-gawa R., 6.viii.2003, NK; 1♀, Chitose-shi, Okotan, Okotanpe-gawa R., 26.ix.1998, NK; 4³ 1♀, Chitose-shi, L. Shirarutoro-ko, 29.ix.1996, TI & A. Ohkawa; 3♀, same location, 29.ix.1996, A. Ohkawa; 1³ 5♀, same location, 28.viii.1997, TI & A. Ohkawa; 5³ 1♀, same location, 25.ix.1997, NK; 3³ 13♀, same location, 5.viii-7.x.2005, NK; 6³ 5♀, same location, 4–10.viii.2006, NK; 2³ 1♀, Chitose-shi, small stream beside L. Shikotsu-ko, 1.x.1993, NK; 4♀, same location, 21.VII-6.x.1996, Y. Nagayasu; 1♀, Sapporo-shi, Misumai, Toyohiragawa R., 27.vii.1992, NK. Iburi: 1♀, Atsuma-chô, Naganuma, Koi-numa, 13.vii.2006, NK; 1♀, Tomakomai-shi, Misawa, Bibi-gawa R., 18.vi.1990, NK; 2³, same location, 2.viii.1998, NK; 6♀, same location, 5.vii.2009, NK; 2³ 3♀, Tomakomai-shi, L. Utonai-ko, 1–6.vii.1998, NK; 1³ 1♀, same location, 21.vi.2003, NK; 9³, same location, 22.vii.2004, TI. Oshima: 4³ 6♀, Nanae-chô, Konuma, 23.vi.2003, NK; 10³ 12♀, Nanae-chô, Ônuma, 23.vi.2003, NK. HONSHU : Aomori: 1³(I), Fujisaki-machi, Shirako, Iwaki-gawa R., 2.viii.1996, Suzuki; 1³ 1³(L) 2♀, Hirosaki-shi, Akudo, Iwaki-gawa R., 20.viii.1996, Suzuki. Akita: 5³, Kosaka-machi, Towadako-namariyama, L. Towada-ko, 8.viii.1999, H. Kato. Fukushima: 1³ 1³(L) 3♀, Shôwa-mura, Yanohara-kôgen, 19.viii.2008, N. Katsuma. Ibaraki: 4³ 2³(L) 3♀, Kasama-shi, Minamikoizumi, 24.vi.2007, N. Katsuma. Gumma: 1³(L) 1³(I) 2♀, Fujioka-shi, Samba-gawa R., 29.v.1991, S. Ishiwata. Tôkyô: 1³(L), Fussa-shi, Nagatabashi, 9.vi.1985, S. Sasaki. Kanagawa: 1³, Hadano-shi, L. Shinsei-ko, 16.xii.1979, TN; 2³(I) 15♀, Sagamihara-shi, Fujino-chô, Magino, 9.vi.1988, TN; 2³ 1³(L) 5♀, Yamakita-machi, Shiraishi-zawa, 5–6.vii.1984, TN; 1³(L), same location, 19.vii.1982, TN; 10³ 4³(L) 7♀, Zushi-shi, Sakurayama, Morito-gawa R., 20.vii.2009, TN. Fukui: 1³, Tsuruga-shi, Ikenokôchi-shitsugen, 21.vii.2015, TI; 1³ 1³(L) 13♀, same location, 11.vi.2016. Nagano: 1³ 1♀, Koumi-chô, Matsubara, L. Chô-ko, 30.v.1997, TI; 3♀, Maruko-machi, Uchimura-kawa, 21.vi.1997, K. Tojo; 1³(R), Ômachi-shi, L. Aoki-ko, 28.viii.2008, N. Katsuma; 1³(L) 2³(R), same location, 23.ix.2009, NK; 1³(L) 2³(I) 9³(R) 17♀, Ômachi-shi, L. Nakatsuna-ko, 27.ix.1990, NK; 3³(L) 2³(I) 14³(R) 19♀, same location, 23.ix.2009, NK. Gifu: 1³(L), Higashishirakawa-mura, Oppara, 27.v.1988, TN. Shizuoka: 2³ 3³(L) 1³(I) 1♀, Shimoda-shi, Tateno, 12.iv.2009, S. Inaba. Mie: 4³ 2³(L) 2³(I) 2♀, Shima-shi, Isobe-chô, Natsukusa, 5.vii.2008, H. Morita. Hyôgo: 2³ 1³(I), Asago-shi, Wadayama, Kudawa, Ishibe-jinjya, 3.xi.2006, K. Inazu. & TI. Shimane: 1³ 3♀, Gôtsu-shi, Sakuraechô, Kawagoe, 2.v.1999, SN; 2³, Oochi-chô, Shiki, 10.viii.1999, SN; 1³ 1♀, Kawamoto-machi, Inbara, 12.v.1999, SN; 4³ 1♀, Masuda-shi, Mukaiyokotachô, 7-8.v.2000, SN; 1³ 4♀, same location, 29.vii.2000, SN; 3³, Masuda-shi, Yasudomichô, 18.vii.2000, SN; 2³ 8♀, Masuda-shi, Musochô, 6.v.2001, SN; 2³ 1³(L), Masuda-shi, Musochô, Takatsu-gawa R., 27.vii.2000, SN. Hiroshima: 1³(I), Akitakata-shi, Yachiyo-chô, Haji, Haji-dam, 11.vii.2000, SN; 1³ 2♀, Akitakata-shi, Yoshida-chô, Yoshida, 21.iv.1999, SN; 1³(L) 1³(I), Higashihiroshima-shi, Takaya-chô, Nakashima, 13.vii.1999, SN; 1³, Hiroshima-shi, Asakita-ku, Kabechô, Imaida, 24.iv.1999, SN; 3³ 1³(L) 2♀, Kôzan-chô, Uzuto-gawa R., Hattabara-dam, 5.viii.1998, SN; 6³ 1³(L) 1♀, same location, 25.vii.2000, SN; 1³(I), Miyoshi-shi, Minamihatajikimachi, 1.viii.1999, SN; 2³, same location, 6.x.1999, SN; 1³ 2♀, Ôtake-shi, Fukase, Kose-gawa R., 8.v.2001, SN; 1³, same location, 23.vii.2001, SN; 1³(L) 4♀, Ôtake-shi, Bouroku, Kose-gawa R., 7.v.2001, SN; 5³ 4♀, Ôtake-shi, Kuritanicho, Yasaka-dam, 28.vii.2000, SN; 1³, Sera-chô, Io, Hattabara-dam, 26.vii.2000, SN; 2³ 1³(L), Yuki-chô, Shimominauchi, 25.iv.1999, SN; 1³(L), same location, 15.v.2003, TN. Yamaguchi: 1³ 2♀, Iwakuni-shi, Miwachô, One-gawa, Yasaka-dam, 25.ix.2000, SN. SHIKOKU : Tokushima: 1³ 1³(L), Kitô-son, Takanose-kyô, 18.vii.1998, I. Yamashita. Kagawa: 2³ 1³(I) 1♀, Takamatsu-shi, Shionoe, 14.ix.2006, NK. Kôchi: 11³ 2³(L) 6♀, Kami-shi, Monobechô, Befu, 2.viii.2003, I. Yamashita; 2³(L), Muroto-shi, Sakihama, Sakihama-gawa R., 29.iv.2004, M. Takai; 1³(L) 1♀, Nankoku-shi, Nakanogawa-rindô, 29.v.2004, M. Takai; 1³(L), Ochi-chô, Tokoroyama, Ichigaya, 21.vii.2004, K. Nio; 1³(L), Sukumo-shi, Itchûbara, 28.iv.2001, M. Takai; 1³, same location, 30.iv.2004, M. Takai; 1³, Tosashimizu-shi, Mochiishi, Kitayamahigashi, 21.vii.2004, K. Nio. KYÛSHÛ : Fukuoka: 1³ 1♀, Chikushino-shi, Yoshiki, 30.iv.1986, N. Gyotoku; 1³ 1♀, same location, 9.x.1986, N. Gyotoku; 2³, Ukiha-shi, Yoshiimachi, Sakurai, Chikuko-gawa R., 8.iv.1997, TN. Saga: 4³ 9♀, Takeo-shi, 22–23.iv.2009, T. Shimizu; 7³ 1♀, Ureshino-shi, 4.vi.2009, T. Shimizu. TSUSHIMA: 5³ 2³(L) 2♀, Tsushima-shi, Kamiagata-chô, Sago, upper reaches of Sago-gawa R., 22.vii.2009, R.B. Kuranishi., Published as part of Kuhara, Naotoshi, Nozaki, Takao, Zhang, Ao & Zhou, Xin, 2023, DNA barcoding facilitates discovery and description of two new species of the Mystacides azureus Species Group (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Japan, pp. 215-231 in Zootaxa 5306 (2) on page 225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8058719, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1761) Fauna Svecia: Sistens Animalia Sveciae Regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Distributa per Classes & Ordines, Genera & Species, cum Differentiis Specierum, Synonymis Auctorum, Nominibus Incolaru, Locis Natalium, Descriptionibus Insectorum. 2 nd Edition. Sumtu & Literis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 578 pp., 2 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34906","Mosely, M. E. (1939) The British Caddis Flies (Trichoptera). Routledge, London, 320 pp.","Vshivkova, T. S., Morse, J. C. & Yang, L. (1997) Family Leptoceridae. In: Lehr, P. A. (Ed.), Key to the Insects of the Russian Far East. Vol. 5. Part 1. Trichoptera and Lepidoptera. Dal'nauka, Vladivostok, pp. 154 - 202. [in Russian]","Kumanski, K. 1988. Trichoptera, Integripalpia. Fauna Bulgarica 19. Bulgarska Akademi na Naukite, Sofia, 354 pp.","Yang, L. & Morse, J. C. (2000) Leptoceridae (Trichoptera) of the People's Republic of China. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 64, 1 - 311."]}

Mystacides moritai n. sp. Figs 1, 4A–4I Mystacides sp. (af. superatus): Morita 2011, 217. Diagnosis. Among species of the M. azureus Species Group, the male of this species shares an unusually large caudal projection of the each inferior appendage with that of M. superatus from China, but can be distinguished from it by lack of the lower projection of the appendage. Female of this species is similar to that of M. azureus but can be distinguished from it by the shape of the lamellae; in lateral aspect, each is parallel sided or slightly tapered in the apical half in the present species but broadest with a dorsal expansion at midpoint in M. azureus. It also somewhat resembles that of M. rivularis n. sp. but can be distinguished from it by the subtriangular plate of the spermathecal sclerite. Adult. Forewing length: male 6.1–8.1 mm (mean = 7.5 mm, n = 10); female 6.8–8.5 mm (mean = 7.5 mm, n = 8). Vertex, thorax, and wings in ethanol brownish black. General morphology typical for the genus. Relative eye size smaller than that in M. azureus for both male and female (Fig. 1). Male genitalia (Figs 4A–4E). Segment IX 1/8 as long dorsally as tall laterally, 1 1/4 times as long ventrally as tall laterally; in ventral view apicoventral process of sternum 2/3 as long as rest of sternum, with stout base and slender V-shaped lateral arms. Preanal appendages very long and slender. Tergum X antisymmetrical, produced into two spines; longer spine bent inward at one-third from base in dorsal aspect, extending beyond apical process of sternum IX; other spine half as long as longer one, nearly straight in dorsal aspect with acute apex. Inferior appendages each clavate in lateral view with slender base 1/3 as thick as broad apex; upper caudal projection directed dorsad, as long as wide; middle caudal projection unusually large, curved dorsomesad, tapering to acute apex; lower caudal projection lacking. Phallus without evident paramere spines or phallicata, with ventromedian spine directed anteroventrad at one third distance from apex and pair of sharp, triangular flanges subapically, apicoventral lip of phallobase constricted subapically in ventral aspect. Female genitalia (Figs 4F–4H). Segment IX short. Segment X shorter than preanal appendages, narrowly incised ventromedially in dorsal view. Preanal appendages slender, straight, and setose. Lamellae very long; in lateral aspect each with apical half twice as broad as basal half, somewhat curved downward, parallel sided or slightly tapered in apical half, with round apex; dorsal margin inflated; outer surface slightly concave. Gonopod plates triangular in ventral aspect with short, rounded pair of posterolateral processes; apex extending far beyond apex of segment X. Spermathecal sclerite rhomboid, rounded anteriorly. Holotype: ³, Honshû, Mie, Shima-shi, Isobe-chô, Natsukusa, 34.359°N, 136.766°E, alt. 20 m, 5.vii.2008, H. Morita. Paratypes: 1³, same data as holotype; 7³, Honshû, Hyôgo, Asago-shi, Wadayama, Kudawa, Ishibe-jinjya, 3.xi.2006, K. Inazu & TI. Other specimens examined. HONSHÛ: Fukui: 5³ 9♀, Tsuruga-shi, Ikenokôchi-shitsugen, 1.x.2013, TI; 3³ 11♀, same location, 30.v.2015, TI; 8³ 7♀, same location, 24.vi.2015, TI; 5³ 4♀, same location, 21.vii.2015, TI; 4♀, same location, 11.vi.2016, TI. Hyôgo: 3³, Asago-shi, Wadayama, Kudawa, Ishibe-jinjya, 19.v.2009, R.B. Kuranishi. Etymology. Named moritai after Mr. H. Morita, who first provided us the examined specimens of this species, including the holotype. Distribution. Japan (western Honshû). Habitat. Adults of this species have been collected at three sites: beside a small stream with low gradient, from a stream flowing through a small marsh, and from a pond recharged by spring water. Adults of M. azureus also have been collected at all these sites sympatrically.

Mystacides rivularis n. sp. Figs 1–3 Mystacides sp.: Nozaki & Tanida 2007: 252. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from M. azureus, which is occasionally collected sympatrically with M. rivularis n. sp., by shape of the male segment IX that is strongly extended posteroventrad. Among species of the M. azureus Species Group, this character state is similar to that of M. schmidi Morse & Yang 2002 from Sri Lanka, but distinguishable from the latter by the long sigmoid spine of segment X. The female of this species is characterized by the manta-ray-shaped plate of the spermathecal sclerite. Adult. Forewing length: male 6.4–7.6 mm (mean = 7.2 mm, n = 10); female 6.8–7.6 mm (mean = 7.3 mm, n = 9). Vertex, thorax, and wings in ethanol brownish black. General morphology typical for the genus. Relative eye size smaller than that in M. azureus for both male and female (Fig. 1). Male genitalia (Figs 2A–2E). Segment IX 1/5 as long dorsally as tall laterally, 1 1/5 as long ventrally as tall laterally; in ventral view apicoventral process of sternum 3/4 as long as rest of sternum, with stout base and slender V-shaped lateral arms. Preanal appendages very long and slender. Tergum X antisymmetrical, produced into two sinuate spines: one spine sigmoid in dorsal aspect, long, extending far beyond apical process of sternum IX; other spine weakly sinuate and shorter than former. Inferior appendages each with dorsomesal lobe oriented vertically, somewhat longer than mid-width in lateral view, its anterior and posterior margins subparallel; posterior margin with three caudal projections: upper caudal projection with acute apex; middle caudal projection narrow and often longest among three projections, with acute apex; lower caudal projection with round apex. Phallus without evident paramere spines or phallicata, with ventromedian spine directed anteroventrad at one third distance from apex and pair of sharp, triangular flanges subapically, apicoventral lip of phallobase constricted subapically in ventral aspect. Variation (Figs 3A1–3F3): The shapes of tergum X and inferior appendages are variable geographically. The shorter process of tergum X is about half the length of the longer process in individuals from central Honshû (Figs 3F1–3F3), but the former is prolonged in those from northern Honshû (Figs 3C1–3E1) and almost reaches the tip of the latter in those from Hokkaidô (Figs 3A1–3B2). The middle projection of each inferior appendage tends to be more strongly developed in individuals from Hokkaidô and northern Honshû (Figs 3A1–3E1) than those from central Honshû (Figs 3F 1, 3F 2) with an exception (Fig. 3F3). Female genitalia (Figs 2F–2I). Segment IX short in lateral view. Segment X shorter than preanal appendages, narrowly incised ventromedially in dorsal view. Preanal appendages slender, straight, and setose. Lamellae very long, constricted basally, shape in lateral aspect variable geographically; dorsal margin inflated; apicodorsal corner protruded outward; outer surface slightly concave. Gonopod plates triangular in ventral aspect with pair of posterolateral processes short, rounded and apex extending far beyond apex of segment X. Spermathecal sclerite with pigmented manta-ray-shaped plate, anterior and posterior margins extended anterad and posterad mesally and acute. Variation: Lamellae in lateral aspect are each subelliptical and rounded apically in individuals from the type locality Kakida-gawa, central Honshû (Fig. 2F), but more nearly parallel-sided, gradually heightened caudally, and obliquely truncate apically in those from Hokkaidô (Fig. 2I). Holotype: ³, Kakida-gawa, Shimizu-chô, Shizuoka, Honshû, Japan, 35.1031°N, 138.9028°E, alt. 13 m, 27.iv.2002, TN. Paratypes: 3³, same data as holotype; 5³, type locality, 22–23.xi.2002, NK, 2³ (pinned), type locality, 5.iv.2006, TN. Other specimens examined. HOKKAIDÔ: Nemuro: 1♀, Shibetsu-chô, Shibetsu-shitsugen, 12.viii.1996, K. Kuribayashi, 1³ 1♀, same location, 21.viii.2013, M. Nakatani; 1♀, same location, 2–3.viii.2013, M. Nakatani; 1³ 1♀, same location, 3.ix.2013, M. Nakatani. Kushiro: 1³, Kushiro-shi, Akan-chô, Ibeshibetsu-gawa R., 6.viii.1990, NK; 1³, same location, 6.viii.1990, NK; 3³ 1♀, Shibecha-chô, Gojikkoku, Shirarutoroetoro-gawa R., 16.vii.2009, TI; 2³ 7♀, same location, 28.vii.2012, TI; 1³ 2♀, Shibecha-chô, Kayanuma, Shirarutoroetoro-gawa R., 16.vii.2009, TI; Kamikawa: 1³, Horokanai-chô, small tributary of Shumarinai-gawa R., 10.viii.1999, TI & A. Ohkawa; 1³, Horokanai-chô, small tributary of Shumarinai-gawa R., 7.vii.2007, NK. Ishikari: 1³, Chitose-shi, Bibi, Bibi-gawa R., 5–26.ix.1993, TI; 1³ 1♀, same location, 4.viii.2007, TI; 1³ 3♀, Eniwa-shi, Izari-gawa R., Eniwa-ôhashi, 11.vii.1999, TI; 1³, same location, 22.vii.1999, TI; 1³, same location, 17.vii.2015, TI; 1♀, Sapporo-shi, Hitsujigaoka, 24–31.vii.2009, K. Konishi; 1³, Sapporo-shi, Nopporo-shinrin-kôen, Osawa-guchi, 17.vi.2002, M. Sakurai. Iburi: 3³ 5♀, Tomakomai-shi, Misawa, Bibi-gawa R., 29.vii.1989, NK; 5³ 1♀, same location, 17.vii.1990, NK; 1♀, same location, 16.viii.1990, NK; 4♀, same location, 18.viii.1991, TI; 2³, same location, 12.ix.1993, TI; 1³, same location, 2.viii.1998, NK; 1³, same location, 20.viii.2007, TI & A. Ohkawa; 5³ 8♀, same location, 31.vii.2009, NK; 2³, Tomakomai-shi, Misawa, small stream, 1.viii.1992, NK; 1³, same location, 15.viii.1992, NK; 5³ 2♀, Tomakomai-shi, Uenae, Bibi-gawa R., 22.vii.2001, TI & A. Ohkawa; 1³, same location, 25.vii.2001, TI; 1³, same location, 29.vii.2001, TI; 1³, same location, 30.vii.2001, TI; 3³ 2♀, same location, 23.viii.2007, TI; 2³ 3♀, same location, 16.vii.2008, TI. HONSHÛ: Aomori: 1³, Nishimeya-mura, Anmon-gawa R., alt. 240 m, 16.ix.2010, TI; 1³, Takko-machi, Natsuzaka, Kumahara-gawa R., 18.viii.1996, Suzuki. Yamagata: 3³, Nishikawa-chô, Shizu, Buna-no-izumi, 11.ix.2003, TI. Shizuoka: 1♀, type locality, 11.iii.1984, reared and emerged on 7.iv.1984, TN; 3³ 1♀, same data as holotype; 1³ 1♀, type locality, 27.iv.2002, TN; 1♀, type locality, 31.viii.2002, TN; 2³ 1♀, type locality, 14.xi.2002, TN; 6³ 1♀, type locality, 22–23.xi.2002, NK. Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin adjective, rivularis = of a brook or small stream) refers to the habitat of this species. Distribution. Japan (Hokkaidô, eastern Honshû). Habitat. Adults are often found beside slowly flowing streams. They are sometimes collected with M. azureus sympatrically, but the habitat preference of the new species is narrower than that of the latter., Published as part of Kuhara, Naotoshi, Nozaki, Takao, Zhang, Ao & Zhou, Xin, 2023, DNA barcoding facilitates discovery and description of two new species of the Mystacides azureus Species Group (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Japan, pp. 215-231 in Zootaxa 5306 (2) on pages 219-223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8058719, {"references":["Nozaki, T. & Tanida, K. (2007) The caddisfly fauna of a huge spring-fed stream, the Kakida River, in central Japan. In: Bueno- Soria, J., Barba-Alvarez, R. & Armitage, B. J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 12 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. The Caddis Press, Columbus, pp. 243 - 255.","Morse, J. C. & Yang, L. (2002) Phylogeny, classification, and historical biogeography of world species of Mystacides (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae), with a new species from Sri Lanka. In: Mey, W. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 10 th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Goecke & Evers, Keltern, pp. 173 - 186."]}

Kuhara, Naotoshi, Nozaki, Takao, Zhang, Ao, Zhou, Xin (2023): DNA barcoding facilitates discovery and description of two new species of the Mystacides azureus Species Group (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5306 (2): 215-231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.3

Ecnomus sakishimensis sp. nov. (Figs. 5 A���G, 6) Diagnosis. The male of this species is somewhat similar to that of E. ramayana Malicky & Chantaramongkok 1993 described from Thailand, but can be distinguished from the latter and also other Ecnomus species by the unique shape and structure of the inferior appendages which are short and subtriangular in lateral aspect and have a mesal projection. The female is characterized by the ventral plates of segment VIII, which are relatively small and constricted in the basal half. Description. Adult (Fig. 5). Length of each forewing of male 3.5 ���5.0 mm (mean = 4.3 mm, n = 13), female 3.7���5.1 mm (mean = 4.5 mm, n = 8). General appearance similar to E. japonicus. Male genitalia (Fig. 5 A���E). Tergum IX short, about 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 as long as sternum IX (Fig. 5 A); anterodorsal margin deeply notched (Fig. 5 B); sternum IX without longitudinal median line; anteroventral margin shallowly excised; posterior margin nearly straight (Fig. 5 C). Segment X represented by pair of short, broad plates, each with 3 setae along posteromesal margin (Fig. 5 B). Superior appendages slender, long, almost parallel-sided with round apices in lateral aspect (Fig. 5 A), weakly curved inward in dorsal aspect (Fig. 5 B); inner surfaces concave, bearing black peg-like stout setae along dorsal and apical margins in distal 1 / 3 (Fig. 5 B); finger-like projection arising from each ventrobasal corner, with 2 setae apically (Fig. 5 B). Inferior appendages short, as long as high, not reaching posterior end of superior appendages, subtriangular in lateral aspect (Fig. 5 A); each with inner projection curved dorsomesad, tapered to apex (Figs. 5 A, 5 C); basal plate semisclerotized, with pair of small lateral projections at midlength (Fig. 5 C). Phallus bulbous basally, acute apically, sclerotized laterally and membranous dorsally, including pair of sclerites; parameres moderately screlotized, flattened, subtriangular in lateral aspect, directed posterodorsad; dorsobasal lobe distinct (Fig. 5 E). Female genitalia (Figs. 5 F, 5 G). Ventromesal plate of sternum VII absent. Ventral plates of sternum VIII relatively small, constricted in lateral aspect (Fig. 5 F) and projecting anterad laterally at basal 1 / 3 rd to 1 / 2 nd; each with basal part adhering to main body of segment; distal part flap-like, each with 3 long setae along posterior margin (Figs. 5 F, 5 G). Segment X with small sclerites on posterior unpigmented portion (Fig. 5 F). Segment XI setose, well pigmented (Figs. 5 F, 5 G). Holotype. male (in alcohol), Japan, Ry��ky�� Islands, Iriomote-jima, Taketomi-ch��, ��mijya-gawa, ��mijyabashi, 24.39 ��N, 123.86 ��E, 24.iii. 1999, TI & AO (SEHU). Paratypes. 4 males, (in alcohol), same data as holotype (CBM); 5 males, Iriomote-jima, Taketomi-ch��, Airagawa, nr. R. 217, 28��� 30.x. 2012, TI (SEHU); 3 males (in alcohol), Iriomote-jima, Taketomi-ch��, Aira-gawa, 13��� 17.iii. 2002, T. Yoshida & H. Sugaya (CBM). Other specimens. [Ry��ky�� Islands] Ishigaki-jima: 6 males, 3 females, Ishigaki-shi, Hakusui, Nagura-gawa, el. 3���28 m, 13���21.x. 1999, K. Konishi; 2 males, 1 female, ibid, 11���15.iv. 2005, TI; 1 female, ibid, 22.iii. 2009, TI. 1 male, ibid, 11.iii. 2011, TI; 1 female, ibid, 12.iv. 2011, TI; 3 males, 14 females, ibid, 25���26.x. 2012, TI; 1 male, Ishigaki-shi, Nagura-gawa, el. 95 m, 26.x. 2012, TI; 1 male, 3 females, Ishigaki-shi, tributary of Nagura-gawa, el. 9 m, 11���13.iv. 2011, TI; 2 males, 1 female, Ishigaki-shi, stream nr. Nagura-dam, el. 70 m, 11.iv. 2011, TI. Iriomotejima: 1 male, Taketomi-ch��, Aira-gawa, 24.iii. 1999, TI & AO; 1 male, 2 females, ibid, 13���17.iii. 2002, T. Yoshida & H. Sugaya; 2 females, ibid, 1.xii. 2013, TI; 1 male, Taketomi-ch��, ��tomi, Nishifunatsuki-gawa, 23.iii. 1999, TI & AO; 1 female, ibid, 30.x. 2012, TI; 2 males, same data as holotype; 1 male, type locality, 13.iv. 2005, TI; 4 females, type locality, 9.x. 2012, TI. Etymology. Named for its distribution in the Sakishima Islands, which is the southern part of the Ry��ky�� Islands, including Ishigaki-jima and Iriomote-jima. Distribution. Japan: Ry��ky�� Islands (Ishigaki-jima, Iriomote-jima). Habitat. The above specimens were collected beside streams and rivers, mainly in the middle reaches. Remarks. This species belongs to the E. connatus Group of Li & Morse (1997), because the phallus is bulbous basally and acute apically, the superior appendages are elongate, and sternum IX lacks a longitudinal median line. The Ry��ky�� Islands, except the northern part, are usually considered to be included in the Oriental region (Toda et al. 2003), hence this is an Oriental species., Published as part of Kuhara, Naotoshi, 2016, Revision of Japanese species of the genus Ecnomus McLachlan (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae), with descriptions of two new species, pp. 561-571 in Zootaxa 4114 (5) on pages 568-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/265300, {"references":["Malicky, H. & Chantaramongkol, P. (1993) Neue Trichopteren aus Thailand. Teil 2: Rhyacophilidae, Philopotamidae, Polycentropodidae, Ecnomidae, Psychomyidae, Xiphocentronidae, Helicopsychidae, Odontoceridae (Arbeiten uber thailandische Kocherfliegen Nr. 12). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 25, 1137 - 1187.","Li, Y. J. & Morse, J. C. (1997) Species of the genus Ecnomus (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae) from the People's Republic of China. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 123, 85 - 134.","Toda, M., Shokita, S. & Nishida, M. (2003) Ryukyu-retto no seibutsu-so no rekishiteki naritachi (Origin of flora and fauna of Ryukyu Islands). In: Nishida, M., Shikatani, N. & Shokita, S. (Eds.), The flora and fauna of inland waters in the Ryukyu Islands. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 25 - 32. [in Japanese]"]}

Ecnomus yamashironis Tsuda 1942 (Figs. 3 A���D, 6) Ecnomus yamashironis Tsuda 1942: 267 ���268, fig. 26 [Type locality: Japan, Honsh��, Shiga and Ky��to]. (Type not seen.) Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from the other Japanese species by the elongate and straight inferior appendages in the male and the trilobed posterior margin of the ventromesal plate of segment VII in the female. In the original description, Tsuda (1942) described and illustrated the male genitalia of this species. In addition, Li & Morse (1997) and Arefina (2003) re-described the male and female genitalia based on Chinese and Far East Russian specimens, respectively. Illustrations of the male (Figs. 3 A���C) and female (Fig. 3 D) genitalia of the Japanese specimens are provided. Specimens examined. [Hokkaid��] S��ya: 2 females, Sarufutsu-mura, Narita-gawa, Kaede-bashi, 31.vii. 2007, NK; 1 female, Sarufutsu-mura, Nigori-kawa, Wakakusa-bashi, 1.viii. 2007, TI; 19 males, 5 females, Sarufutsumura, Asajino, outlet of Kamuito-numa, 31.vii. 2007, NK; 7 males, Sarufutsu-mura, Sarufutsu- 2 -g��sen-gawa, Sh��bu-bashi, 8.vii. 2007, NK & TI; 24 males, 18 females, ibid, 31.vii. 2007, NK & TI; 2 males, 1 female, Sarufutsumura, tributary of Sarufutsu-gawa, 15.vii. 2006, NK; 15 males, 4 females, Toyotomi-ch��, Sarobetsu-gawa, Kaiunbashi, 16.vii. 2006, NK; 1 female, Wakkanai-shi, Masuhoro-gawa, 20.viii. 1997, TI & AO. Rumoi: 21 males, 53 females, Rumoi-shi, ��wada, el. 9-10 m, 2.viii. 2015, NK. Ishikari: 1 male, Chitose-shi, Neshikoshi, Chitose-gawa, 20.viii. 1997, NK; 1 male, Chitose-shi, Bibi, Chitose-ko, 28.vii. 2007, TI. [Honsh��] Ibaraki: 1 male, 2 females, Ishige-machi, Kinu-gawa, 16.vii. 1997, K. Tojo; 4 males, Yasato-machi, Gorind��, Koise-gawa, 16.v. 1998, N. Kawase. Shizuoka: 3 males, 3 females, Shimizu-ch��, Kakita-gawa, 27.v. 2001, T. Nozaki, & K. Tanida. Mie: 2 males, 1 female, Kameyama-shi, pond in Sekich��-washiyama, 5.ix. 2013, TI; 6 males, 8 females, ibid, 10.ix. 2014, TI. Shimane: 1 male, 3 females, ��da-shi, Sambe, Ukinuno-no-ike, 5.viii. 2001, AO. Distribution. Japan (Hokkaid��, Honsh��), Korea, China, Russian Far East. Habitat. Many specimens shown above were collected along slow-flowing, lowland rivers, suggesting that the larvae may prefer lotic waters. According to Nishino & Tanida (1992), however, adults can be collected also along shorelines of Lake Biwa-ko in central Honsh��., Published as part of Kuhara, Naotoshi, 2016, Revision of Japanese species of the genus Ecnomus McLachlan (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae), with descriptions of two new species, pp. 561-571 in Zootaxa 4114 (5) on pages 565-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/265300, {"references":["Tsuda, M. (1942) Japanische Trichopteren. I. Systematik. Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University, Series B, 17, 239 - 339. [in German]","Li, Y. J. & Morse, J. C. (1997) Species of the genus Ecnomus (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae) from the People's Republic of China. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 123, 85 - 134.","Arefina, T. I. (2003) Caddisflies of the family Ecnomidae MacLachlan (Insecta: Trichoptera) of the Russian Far East. Vladimir Ya. Levanidov's Biennial Memorial Meetings, 2, 178 - 183.","Nishino, M. & Tanida, K. (1992) Trichoptera. In: Nishino, M (Ed.), Zoobenthos in the Lake Biwa. II. Insecta. Lake Biwa Research Institute, Otsu, pp. 28 - 48 [in Japanese]"]}

Ecnomus hokkaidensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1 A���J, 6) Ecnomus sp.: Kuhara et al. 2007, appendix 69. Diagnosis. The male of this species is very similar to that of E. tenellus, but can be distinguished from it by the shape and structure of the inferior appendages. In E. hokkaidensis, each inferior appendage bears a spatulate projection basodorsally, whereas E. tenellus has an ear-like dorsal projection at midlength. In ventral aspect, the inferior appendages are relatively longer and more slender and are angled abruptly inward at midlength in E. hokkaidensis, but they are stouter and smoothly curved in E. tenellus. The female of this species is characterized by sternum VII with 2 ventromesal plates. Description. Adult (Fig. 1). Length of each forewing of male 4.5���5.7 mm (mean = 5.0 mm, n = 17), female 4.7���5.5 mm (mean = 5.0 mm, n = 14). Head frons with single frontal wart, pair of ellipsoidal dorsal hypomedial warts, and indistinct pair of small ventral hypomedial warts; vertex with pairs of oval antennal, preocellar, ocellar, and occipital warts (Figs. 1 A, 1 B). Pronotum with 2 pairs of warts; lateral warts indistinct laterally; medial warts round; mesonotum with pair of round scutal warts and pair of semicircular scutellar warts (Fig. 1 A). Legs with tibial spur formula 3, 4, 4. Forewings each with fork of R 1 and forks I, II, III, IV and V, discoidal cell, median cell and thyridial cell; crossvein m-cu near bifurcation of medial vein; hind wings with forks II and V (Fig. 1 C). Male genitalia (Figs. 1 D���H). Tergum IX long, reaching posterior margin of sternum IX (Fig. 1 D); anterodorsal margin deeply and widely excised (Fig. 1 E); sternum IX drop-shaped in lateral aspect (Fig. 1 D), with longitudinal median line in ventral aspect (Fig. 1 F); anteroventral margin deeply notched; posteroventral margin shallowly and broadly excised (Fig. 1 F). Segment X with pair of finger-shaped posteroventral projections, each weakly bent inward at midlength and with 2 setae apically; anterolateral arms curved outward anteriorly (Fig. 1 E). Superior appendages elongate-triangular, tapering to blunt apices in lateral aspect (Fig. 1 D); mesal surfaces concave, each with short triangular projection near base bearing 3 apical setae (Fig. 1 E); stout setae arising from apical and dorsal margins in distal 2 / 5 (Figs. 1 D, 1 E). Inferior appendages subequal in length with superior appendages; each elongate, slightly upcurved, thick basally, constricted medially in lateral aspect (Fig. 1 D); with outer margin abruptly angled 45 �� inward at midlength, tapered to blunt apex in ventral aspect (Fig. 1 F); with mesally-directed spatulate projection basodorsally (Fig. 1 G). Basal plate of inferior appendages sclerotized, with pair of small triangular projections laterally 1 / 3 rd distance from anterior end (Figs. 1 F, 1 G); with pair of small, longitudinal, posterodorsal projections directed anteromesad and bearing setae along margins (Fig. 1 H). Phallus with strongly sclerotized phallobase, tubular, curved downward (Fig. 1 H); distal 1 / 3 flattened dorsoventrally and spoon-shaped (Fig. 1 G); parameres and basodorsal lobes absent. Female genitalia (Figs. 1 I, 1 J). Sternum VII with 2 distinctly pigmented ventromesal plates; anterior plate oval; posterior plate wide, concave anteriorly with posterolateral extensions in ventral aspect (Fig. 1 J). Ventral plates of sternum VIII suboval, each with 3 long setae along apical margin (Fig. 1 J). Segment XI setose, unpigmented with narrow, oblique, sclerotized bands anterolaterally (Fig. 1 I). Holotype. male (pinned), Japan, Hokkaid��, Ishikari, Chitose-shi, Shikotsu-ko, Poropinai, 42.80 ��N, 141.34 ��E, 14.viii. 2006, NK (SEHU). Paratypes. 1 male (pinned), type locality, 12.viii. 2005, NK (SEHU); 14 males (in alcohol), type locality, 10.viii. 2005, NK (CBM); 4 males, type locality, 5.viii. 2005, NK (SEHU). Other specimens. [Hokkaid��] Kushiro: 2 males, Kushiro-ch��, Hokuchiku-ura, 15.viii. 2007, T. Kosugi; 6 males, 11 females, Kushiro-ch��, Kushiro-gawa, 15.viii. 2007, TI & T. Kosugi; 2 males, 2 females, Kushiro-ch��, Takkobu-numa, 8.viii. 2006, TI; 2 males, 1 female, Kushiro-shi, Iwabokki, 3.vii. 1987, M. Itou; 1 female, Shibechach��, Shirarutoro-ko, 7.vii. 2006, TI. S��ya: 2 males, Sarufutsu-mura, Narita-gawa, Kaede-bashi, 31.vii. 2007, NK & TI; 1 female, Sarufutsu-mura, Asajino, outlet of Kamuito-numa, 31.vii. 2007, NK; 3 males, 4 females, Sarufutsumura, pond nr. Sarufutsu-gawa, 31.vii. 2007, NK; 10 males, 2 females, Sarufutsu-mura, Sarufutsu- 2 -g��sen-gawa, Sh��bu-bashi, 31.vii. 2007, NK & TI. Rumoi: 6 males, 15 females, Rumoi-shi, ��wada, el. 9-10 m, 2.viii. 2015, NK. Ishikari: 2 males, 4 females, type locality, 5.viii. 2005, NK; 1 male, 6 females, ibid, 12.viii. 2005, NK; 1 female, ibid, 17.viii. 2005, NK; 1 male, 2 females, ibid, 14.viii. 2006, NK; 1 male, Chitose-shi, Shikotsu-ko, Okotan, 29.vii. 1990, NK; 1 female, Chitose-shi, Shikotsu-ko, Shikotsuko-onsen, 9.viii. 2006, NK; 6 males, 2 females, Chitose-shi, Shikotsu-ko, Shishamonai, 5.viii. 2005, NK; 8 males, 12 females, ibid, 10.viii. 2006, NK; 1 male, Eniwa-shi, Izari-gawa, el. 130 m, 2.viii. 2015, TI; 1 male, Eniwa-shi, Izari-gawa, el. 170 m, 17.vii. 2015, TI. Etymology. Named for its distribution in Hokkaid��. Distribution. Japan: Hokkaid��. Habitat. Adults of this species have been collected beside slow flowing streams or rivers and shorelines of a pond in the Kushiro Marsh, Kushiro, and Lake Shikotsu-ko, Ishikari. Remarks. The downward curved phallus with spoon-shaped apex indicates this species belongs to the E. tenellus Group of Li & Morse (1997). This is the fourth species in the Group distributed in the East Palaearctic region, as a result of E. tsudai and E. kososiensis becoming invalid names as discussed below., Published as part of Kuhara, Naotoshi, 2016, Revision of Japanese species of the genus Ecnomus McLachlan (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae), with descriptions of two new species, pp. 561-571 in Zootaxa 4114 (5) on pages 561-564, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/265300, {"references":["Kuhara, N., Nagayasu, Y. & Ito, T. (2007) Shikotsu-ko to Shikotsu-ko ryunyu kasen no tobikera mokuroku (A list of caddisflies collected in Shikotsu-ko and streams flowing into the lake). In: The Editing Committee of Nature and Lives in Lake Shikotsu-ko (Ed.), Nature and Lives in Lake Shikotsu-ko. Study Group of the Chip and the Water of Lake Shikotsu-ko, Sapporo, pp. 65 - 74 (appendix). [in Japanese]","Li, Y. J. & Morse, J. C. (1997) Species of the genus Ecnomus (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae) from the People's Republic of China. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 123, 85 - 134."]}

Ecnomus japonicus Fischer 1970 (Figs. 4 A���D, 6) Ecnomus serrata Kobayashi 1959: 347 ���348, fig. 3, male [type locality: Japan, Ky��sh��, Fukuoka, Yoshii]. Preoccupied by Ecnomus serratus Ulmer 1930. (Type not seen.) Ecnomus japonicus Fischer 1970: 242. [replacement name for Ecnomus serrata Kobayashi] Ecnomus tsudai Kumanski 1992, 62��� 63, figs. 35���40, male, female [type locality: North Korea, Province Py��ngannam-do] New synonym. Diagnosis. The upturned apices of the male inferior appendages of this species are similar to those of E. connatus Li & Morse 1997 from China, but E. japonicus can be distinguished from the latter by the shape of the superior appendages, which are parallel-sided in lateral aspect; and the parameres, which are flattened and boot-shaped. These boot-shaped parameres are also unique among Japanese species. The female is distinguished from the other Japanese species by the combination of the lack of a ventromesal plate of sternum VII and the large ventral plates of segment VIII. Description. Adult (Fig. 4). Length of each forewing of male 4.7���5.4 mm (mean = 5.2 mm, n = 6), female 5.2���5.4 mm (mean = 5.3 mm, n = 4). Warts on head and thorax similar to those of E. hokkaidensis sp. nov. except as follows: Preocellar warts on head vertex subtriangular (Fig. 4 A); frons with pairs of large dorsal hypomedial warts and distinct small ventral hypomedial warts (Fig. 4 B); medial warts on pronotum slightly larger than in E. hokkaidensis (Fig. 4 A). Venation similar to E. hokkaidensis but forewing crossvein m-cu meeting median vein well before bifurcation of medial vein (Fig. 4 C). Male genitalia (Figs. 4 D���H). Tergum IX short, about 1 / 2 as long as sternum IX (Fig. 4 D); anterodorsal margin shallowly excised (Fig. 4 F); sternum IX without longitudinal median line (Fig. 4 E); in lateral aspect ventral margin nearly linear, dorsal margin expanded around midlength (Fig. 4 D); in ventral aspect anterior and posterior margins shallowly excised (Fig. 4 E). Segment X represented by pair of short broad plates, each triangular in dorsal aspect with 3 setae apically (Fig. 4 F). Superior appendages elongate, parallel-sided with rounded apices in lateral aspect (Fig. 4 D), inner surfaces with black stout peg-like setae in apical 1 / 4; finger-like projection arising from each ventrobasal corner, with 2 or 3 setae apically (Fig. 4 F). Inferior appendages extending to or slightly beyond posterior end of superior appendages, upcurved preapically (Fig. 4 D); basal plate semisclerotized, with pair of small narrow lateral projections at 1 / 3 rd distance from anterior end (Fig. 4 G). Phallus bulbous basally, acute apically; parameres moderately sclerotized, short, flattened, boot-shaped in lateral aspect, directed posterodorsad; dorsobasal lobe distinct (Fig. 4 H). Female genitalia (Figs. 4 I, 4 J). Ventromesal plates of sternum VII absent. Ventral plates of sternum VIII large, subquadrate in lateral aspect, each with 3 long setae along apical margin (Fig. 4 I); outer surfaces slightly sinuate (Fig. 4 J). Segment X short (Fig. 4 I). Segment XI setose, well pigmented (Figs. 4 I, 4 J). Specimens examined. [Hokkaid��] Rumoi: 6 females, Rumoi-shi, ��wada, Rumoi-gawa, el. 10 m, 2.viii. 2015, NK. [Honsh��] Ibaraki: 1 male, Takahagi-shi, Yokokawa, Oyama-dam, 17.vii. 2010, N. Katsuma. Kanagawa: 1 male, Sagamihara-shi, Mikage, 28.v. 2007, N. Katsuma. Mie: 1 male, Ise-shi, K��raibiro, 4.ix. 2004, H. Morita; 1 male, Ise-shi, Tsurugi-t��ge, 15.vi. 2002, H. Morita; 3 males, Kumano-shi, Kiwach��, 12.viii. 2009, H. Morita. Shiga: 1 female, Higashi��mi-shi, Yuzurio-ch��, Kanzaki-gawa, Kazaoka-dani, el. 380 m, 6.ix. 2013, TI; 1 male, Yogo-ch��, Suganami, 6.viii. 2008, T. Ushijima. Ky��to: 1 male, Ayabe-shi, 16.ix. 2006, NK; 1 male, Sonobe-ch��, 22.viii. 2000, S. Tsukaguchi. [Shikoku] Tokushima: 5 males, 3 females, Aioi-ch��, Taniuchi-gawa, 3.ix. 2004, S. Tsukaguchi; 1 male, Kamiyama-ch��, Minamigy��shano, Akui-gawa, 28.v. 2004, K. Nio. K��chi: 1 male, Niyodo-mura, Mori, 11.vii. 2004, M. Takai. [Ky��sh��] Fukuoka: 1 female, Hisayama-machi, Ino, Todoroki-gawa, 21.ix. 2000, AO. [Tsushima] 2 males, 2 females, Tsushima-shi, Kamiagata-cho, Sago, 1.5 km South of K��noki-yama, 22- 23.vii. 2009, R. B. Kuranishi. [Korea] 2 males, 2 females, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Cheongdo, Unmun-myeon, Sinwonri, 30.viii. 2015, S. Inaba & S. Park. Distribution. Japan: Hokkaid��, Honsh��, Shikoku, Ky��sh��, Tsushima. Korea, Russian Far East (Khabarovsk and Primorye Territories). Habitat. Adults were collected beside a lowland river in Hokkaid��. Remarks. The male genitalia of Ecnomus tsudai Kumanski, described from Korea is essentially identical to that of this species judging from the original description (Kumanski 1992) and examination of Korean specimens. Thus, I conclude that E. tsudai is a junior subjective synonym of E. japonicus. Ecnomus japonicus belongs to the E. connatus Group of Li & Morse (1997), because the phallus is bulbous basally and acute apically, the superior appendages are elongate, and sternum IX lacks longitudinal median line., Published as part of Kuhara, Naotoshi, 2016, Revision of Japanese species of the genus Ecnomus McLachlan (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae), with descriptions of two new species, pp. 561-571 in Zootaxa 4114 (5) on pages 566-568, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/265300, {"references":["Fischer, F. C. J. (1970) Anderung einiger praokkupierten Namen in der Ordnung Trichoptera. Entomologische Bericitten, 30, 242 - 243.","Kobayashi, M. (1959) Caddisfly fauna of the vicinity of Yoshii-machi, Fukuoka Prefecture, with descriptions of five new species. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, 4, 343 - 354.","Ulmer, G. (1930) Trichopteren von den Philippinen und von den Sunda-Inseln. Treubia, 11, 373 - 498.","Kumanski, K. (1992) Studies on Trichoptera of Korea (North) III. Superfamily Hydropsychoidea. Insecta Koreana, 9, 52 - 77.","Li, Y. J. & Morse, J. C. (1997) Species of the genus Ecnomus (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae) from the People's Republic of China. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 123, 85 - 134."]}

Kuhara, Naotoshi (2016): Revision of Japanese species of the genus Ecnomus McLachlan (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae), with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4114 (5): 561-571, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4114.5.2

Ecnomus tenellus (Rambur 1842) (Figs. 2 A���D, 6) Philopotamus tenellus Rambur 1842: 503 [Type locality: France]. (Type not seen.) Ecnomus omiensis Tsuda 1942: 268 ���269, fig. 27 [Type locality: Japan, Honsh��, Shiga and Ky��to]. Synonymized by Schmid (1958). Ecnomus kososiensis Kobayashi 1987: 16, figs. 4���8, male, female [Type locality: Japan, Honsh��, Shimane, Matsue]. New synonym. Diagnosis. This species is easily distinguished from the other Japanese species by the upcurved inferior appendages each with a short ear-like dorsal projection at midlength in the male, and the posteromesal rectangular notch of the ventromesal plate of segment VII in the female. Nielsen (1957, 1980) described external and internal morphology of the genital segments in detail for the male and female of this species, respectively. In addition, several authors described and illustrated the general morphology and genitalia of the two sexes (e.g., Schmid 1958; Li & Morse 1997; Arefina 2003). Illustrations of male (Fig. 2 A���C) and female (Fig. 2 D) genitalia of Japanese specimens are provided. Specimens examined. 1 male (holotype of Ecnomus kososhiensis; CBM; specimen number of Kobayashi, 8294), ���Kososhi (30 m), Matsue-shi, Shimane Pref.���, 15.X. 1965, H. Kadowaki; 1 male, 1 female (paratypes of Ecnomus kososhiensis; CBM; specimens no. of Kobayashi, 8286), same location, 24.IX. 1965, H. Kadowaki. [Hokkaid��] Kushiro, 171 males, 225 females; Tokachi, 44 males, 11 females; S��ya, 183 males, 140 females; Rumoi, 104 males, 58 females; Kamikawa, 96 males, 111 females; Ishikari, 178 males, 228 females; Iburi, 184 males, 176 females; Hiyama, 1 male; Oshima, 175 males, 78 females. [Honsh��] Ibaraki, 2 males, 1 female; Gumma, 1 male; Kanagawa, 5 males, 4 females; Niigata, 2 males; Fukui, 2 males, 2 females; Yamanashi, 2 males; Nagano, 16 males, 47 females; Shizuoka, 2 males; Mie, 5 males, 2 females; Shiga, 9 males, 4 females; Shimane, 17 males, 12 females. [Shikoku] Ehime, 2 females; Kochi, 6 males, 5 females. [Ky��sh��] Fukuoka, 6 males, 8 females. [Small islands around 4 mainlands] Rishiri-t��, 26 males; Iki-no-shima, 3 females. [Ry��ky�� Islands] Okinawa-t��, 7 males, 2 females; Kume-jima, 5 males, 4 females; Ishigaki-jima, 13 males, 86 females, Iriomote-jima, 2 males, 7 females; Yonaguni-jima, 4 males, 1 female. [Europe] Great Britain, 5 males; Germany, 11 males, 3 females; Poland, 2 males, 2 females. Distribution. Widely distributed in the East and West Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions. In Japan: Hokkaid��, Honsh��, Shikoku, Ky��sh��, Rishiri-t��, Iki-no-shima, Ry��ky�� Islands (Okinawa-t��, Kume-jima, Ishigakijima, Iriomote-jima, Yonaguni-jima). Habitat. Most specimens shown above were collected along shorelines of lakes and ponds, suggesting that the larvae prefer lentic waters. In Britain, however, larvae of this species also inhabit slow-flowing rivers in addition to lakes (Edington & Hildrew, 1995). Remarks. Kobayashi (1987) described E. kososiensis from Honsh��, Japan. Judging from the original description, this species seems to be similar to E. tenellus, but he did not mentioned the diagnostic characters to discriminate them. My examination of the type specimen of E. kososiensis reveals that it agrees well with specimens of E. tenellus collected in Japan and Europe, and hence E. kososiensis is placed as a junior subjective synonym of E. tenellus., Published as part of Kuhara, Naotoshi, 2016, Revision of Japanese species of the genus Ecnomus McLachlan (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae), with descriptions of two new species, pp. 561-571 in Zootaxa 4114 (5) on pages 564-565, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/265300, {"references":["Rambur, P. J. (1842) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Nevropteres, Paris, 534 pp. + 12 pls.","Tsuda, M. (1942) Japanische Trichopteren. I. Systematik. Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University, Series B, 17, 239 - 339. [in German]","Schmid, F. (1958) Trichopteres de Ceylan. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 54, 1 - 173 + pls. 1 - 34.","Kobayashi, M. (1987) Caddisflies or Trichoptera from Shimane Prefecture in Japan (Insecta). Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum, 17, 13 - 35.","Nielsen, A. (1957) A comparative study of the genital segments and their appendages in male Trichoptera. Biologiske Skrifter, 8, 1 - 159.","Nielsen, A. (1980) A comparative study of the genital segments and the genital chamber in female Trichoptera. Biologiske Skrifter, 23, 1 - 200.","Li, Y. J. & Morse, J. C. (1997) Species of the genus Ecnomus (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae) from the People's Republic of China. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 123, 85 - 134.","Arefina, T. I. (2003) Caddisflies of the family Ecnomidae MacLachlan (Insecta: Trichoptera) of the Russian Far East. Vladimir Ya. Levanidov's Biennial Memorial Meetings, 2, 178 - 183.","Edington, J. M. & Hildrew, A. G. (1995) A Revised Key to the Caseless Caddis Larvae of the British Isles, with Notes on Their Ecology. Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, Cumbria, United Kingdom, Scientific Publication, No. 53, 1 - 134."]}

Biodiversity and Biogeography of the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin vol.1, We report the complete data of the caddisfly specimens collected during the seven annual expeditions of the International Kuril Island Project, and provide a list of caddisfly species known from the Kuril Islands. Caddisflies were collected from 21 out of 30 major islands, and collected from 14 islands for the first time. A total of 19 families, 45 genera and 98 species were collected during the expeditions, including 28 new species distribution records for the archipelago. These records bring the present total numbers to 20 families, 50 genera and 123 species. Glossosoma inops is placed in the junior subjective synonym of G. ussuricum.

Biodiversity and Biogeography of the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin vol.1, The male and female of a new philopotamid species, Kisaura dichotoma, is described from the islands of Kunashir, Hokkaidô, Honshû, Shikoku and Kyûshû in the east Palaearctic.

Adicella makaria Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2002 (Figs. 1, 6) Adicella makaria Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2002 in Malicky et al. 2002: 27, fig. 27, male, ��� Thailand ���; Malicky 2006: 1514, correction: the type locality is not Thailand but is Taiwan; Shimura 2010: 50, 54, photo of adult, Japan (Ry��ky�� Islands, Yonaguni-jima). Adult (Fig. 1). Light brown, body length (from front of head to end of abdomen) 4.5 ���6.0 mm in male (n= 7) and 4.5 ���6.0 mm in female (n= 9). Antennae 4.0��� 4.5 times as long as body in male (n= 3) and 3.5 ���4.0 times in female (n= 2); scapes thick, long, each about 4 times as long as its pedicel. Maxillary palpi each 5 -segmented, total length about 2.2 mm in male (n= 2) and 2.0 mm in female (n= 2); labial palpi each 3 -segmented, total length 0.5���0.8 mm in male (n= 4) and 0.55���0.60 mm in female (n= 2); all segments of both palpi cylindrical and covered with fine setae. Head with large anterodorsal setal wart (ad; anteromesal setal wart in Wiggins & Currie 1996; vertexal medioantennal compact setal wart in Ol��h & Johanson 2007) and 4 pairs of warts posterior from it, including dorsal (small, d; anterior setal warts in Wiggins & Currie 1996; vertexal ocellar compact setal warts in Ol��h & Johanson 2007), postero-dorsal (large, pd; posterior setal warts in Wiggins & Currie 1996; occipal setal warts in Ol��h & Johanson 2007), postero-lateral (small, pl; posterolateral setal warts in Wiggins & Currie 1996; postgenal setal warts in Ol��h & Johanson 2007) and postoccipital (small, p; unnamed in Wiggins & Currie 1996 and Ol��h & Johanson 2007) setal warts (Fig. 1 A). Pronotum with 1���2 pairs of warts, mesoscutum with pair of longitudinal setal lines, and mesoscutellum sometimes with pair of very small setal warts (Fig. 1 A). Wings narrow (Fig. 1 B). Forewings mostly covered with brown hairs. Hind wings subacute apically, covered with brown hairs, with long fringes at posterior margins. Venation similar in both sexes. Forewings with apical forks I, II and V, fork I with stalk, fork II sub-rectangular, fork V sessil; discoidal cell narrow and long, about 1 / 3 as long as wing, thyridial cell narrow and very long, about 1 / 2 as long as wing; r - s crossvein present in some specimens; Cu 2 and P connected by cu - p crossvein, then P fused with E+ 1 A+ 2 A to form single curved vein ending at arculus. Hind wings with apical forks I and II, fork II sub-rectangular; discoidal and thyridial cells absent; R fine (often invisible without staining) and fused to Sc near midlength of wings. Lengths of forewings and hind wings each 5.0���7.0 mm and 4.0���5.0 mm respectively in males (n= 7), 4.5 ���6.0 mm and 3.5���4.5 mm respectively in females (n= 9). Male genitalia (Figs. 1 C���G). Segment IX (IX) rectangular, posterolateral margins slightly convex in lateral view (Fig. 1 C); in dorsal view posterodorsal margin produced with two triangular lobes (Fig. 1 D, pdp IX). Upper part of tergum X (up X) trifurcate, setose apically, middle process longer than lateral processes (Figs. 1 C, D). Lower part of tergum X (lo X) tall, hood-like, composed of two large vertical lobes fused dorsally in basal half, directed ventrocaudad in basal half then gently curved and directed caudad (Fig. 1 C), apex of each lobe subacute in dorsal view (Fig. 1 D). Preanal appendages (pr ap) oval, subacute apically in lateral view, round apically in dorsal view (Figs. 1 C, D). Inferior appendages each with three branches (Figs. 1 C, E, F): Upper branch (up in ap) clublike with many short setae mesally; middle branch (mi in ap) longest, bar-like, gently curved mesad, acute apically with few short setae on apical outer surfaces; lower branch (lo in ap) thick at base, gradually tapered with many long and short setae on ventral surface, subacute apically. Phallobase (phb) tubular, curved 90 ��; paramere spines absent; phallicata (phc) tubular, almost straight, about 2 / 3 as long as phallobase (Fig. 1 G), with U- or V-shaped phallotremal sclerite. Female genitalia (Figs. 1 H���J). Segment IX (IX) short, tergum IX produced into subtriangular lobe posteromedially and fused with tergum X and preanal appendages (Figs. 1 H, I). Preanal appendages (pr ap) represented as broad setose mounds (Figs. 1 H, I). Segment X (X) forming longitudinally short tube with semimembranous ventral surface (Figs. 1 H, J). Lamellae irregularly shaped, vertical, setose lobes, each with small round flap on dorsolateral margin (Fig. 1 H). Gonopod plate (go pl) rugose, broadly semicircular or subquadrate; pair of small, round, vertical lobes (vl go pl) emerging from posterolateral ends, about 1 / 4 as large as lamellae in lateral view (Fig. 1 H), triangular in ventral view (Fig. 1 J). Apicomesal process of internal part of gonopod (ap go pl) slightly convex (Fig. 1 J), sometimes trapezoidal. Spermathecal sclerite (sp sc) subcircular in ventral view (Fig. 1 J), trapezoidal in lateral view (Fig. 1 H). Specimens examined. JAPAN: Ry��ky�� Islands. Ishigaki-jima: Hakusui, Nagura-gawa, small tributary, 12���21.x. 1999, K. Konishi, M, 3 females (TI); same data except 11���12.iii. 2009, TI, L & S, 3 females (TI); same data except 11���13.iv. 2011, TI, L & S, 1 male, 2 females (TI); same data except 25���31.X. 2012, TI, S & M, 1 male, 1 female (TI); Miyara-gawa, Nagura-damu-ue, 12.iv. 2011, TI, L & S, 2 males (TI). Iriomote-jima: Sonai, 13���17.iii. 2002, T. Yoshida & G. Sugaya, M, 1 male, 1 female (TI); small stream near boat station of Urauchi-gawa, 18.x. 2005, TI, S, 1 male (TI). Yonaguni-jima: Hikawa-suigen, 24.iii. 2009, N. Shimura, 1 female (N. Shimura); same data except 30.iii��� 1.iv. 2010, N. Shimura, 3 males, 1 female (N. Shimura); B��sai-rin, small stream, 27.iii. 2009, N. Shimura, 1 male (N. Shimura). Remarks. Malicky & Chantaramongkol (2002, in Malicky et al. 2002) did not recognize any species similar to Adicella makaria. However, it apparently belongs to the A. biramosa Group (Kimmins 1963, Schmid 1994) and its male most closely resembles that of A. trigitata Yang & Morse 2000 in the shape of the inferior appendages; the male of A. makaria differs from that of A. trigitata, however, by the absence of paramere spines. The female of this species is described here for the first time. In this species group, only the females of A. starmuehlneri Mallicky 1979 (Malicky 1979), A. biramosa Martynov 1936 (Schmid 1958) and A. capitata Yang & Morse 2000 (Yang & Morse 2000) have been described previously. Among these, tergum X is much shorter in A. makaria and apically rounded in dorsal and ventral view, versus truncate (A. starmuehlneri, A. capitata) or with an acute dorsomesal projection (A. biramosa). Habitat. Most adults were collected near small streams in forests. Distribution (Fig. 6). Taiwan: Nantou County, and Japan: Ry��ky�� Islands (Ishigaki-jima, Iriomote-jima, Yonaguni-jima). Japanese name. Taiwan-ko-higenaga-tobikera. Adicella trichotoma Ito & Kuhara sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 3, 6) Adicella sp.: Kuhara 1997: 62, Japan (Hokkaid��); Kuhara 2001: 20, Japan (Hokkaid��); Ito et al. 2010: 64, Japan (Hokkaid��). Diagnosis. Also a species of the Adicella biramosa Group (Kimmins 1963, Schmid 1994), the male of this species resembles that of Adicella mita Yang & Morse, 2000, described from southeastern China, in having a trifurcate upper part of tergum X with shortest middle process and phallus without paramere spines. However, it clearly differs from A. mita as follows. Adicella trichotoma has (1) preanal appendages oval with no acute posterior margin in dorsal and lateral aspects, and (2) inferior appendages tribranched. On the other hand, A. mita has (1) preanal appendages orbicular with subacute posterior margin in dorsal and lateral aspects, and (2) inferior appendages mitten-like, with broad, short lower branch. Among the A. biramosa Group for which the female is known, the female of this species resembles that of A. makaria in its short tergum X, but is distinguishable from the latter as follows: In A. trichotoma, vertical lobes of the gonopod plate are rather large, about 4 / 5 as large as lamellae in lateral view; in A. makaria, they are small, 1 / 4 as large as lamellae in lateral view. Adult (Figs. 2, 3). Light brown, body length 5.0��� 6.5 mm in male (n= 6) and 4.0��� 6.5 mm in female (n= 8). Antennae 3.1���3.6 times as long as body in male (n= 4), 2.8���3.1 times in female (n= 4); scapes thick, long, each about 4 times as long as its pedicel. Maxillary palpi each 5 -segmented, total length 1.5���1.7 mm in male (n= 2), 1.8 ���2.0 mm in female (n= 5); labial palpi each 3 -segmented, total length 0.5 mm in male (n= 2), 0.5���0.8 mm in female (n= 5); all segments of both palpi cylindrical and covered with fine setae. Warts on head and thorax as in A. makaria. Wings: Color and venation as in A. makaria. Lengths of forewings and hind wings each 6.0���7.0 mm and 5.0��� 5.5 mm respectively in males (n= 7), 4.5���6.5 mm and 3.5 ���5.0 mm respectively in females (n= 5). Male genitalia (Fig. 2). Segment IX rectangular in lateral view with posterolateral margins slightly convex (Fig. 2 A), in dorsal view posterodorsal margin produced triangularly often with two lobes variable in size and shape individually (Figs. 2 B, D 1���9), mostly asymmetrical (Figs. 2 D 1 ���4, 8, 9), sometimes absent (Figs. 2 D7, 8). Preanal appendages oval in dorsal and lateral views (Figs. 2 A, B). Upper part of tergum X trifurcate, setose apically, middle process shorter than lateral processes (Figs. 2 A, B). Lower part of tergum X tall, hood-like, composed of two large vertical lobes fused dorsally in basal half, directed ventrocaudad (Figs. 2 A, B), apex of each lobe broad in lateral view (Fig. 2 A), subacute in dorsal view (Fig. 2 B). Inferior appendages each with three branches and variable in shape among sites and also individually in each site, with numerous short thick setae mesally and long slender setae ventrally and laterally (Figs. 2 A, C, F, G 1���8): Upper branch finger-like, slightly bent ventrad (Figs. 2 A, G 1���8); in lateral view, gently tapered with subacute apices in most specimens (Figs. 2 A, G 2, G 4, G 5, G 7), but parallel-sided with round apices in few specimens (Figs. 2 G 1, G 6, G 8); middle branch thick, bar-like (Figs. 2 A, F, G), strongly curled mesad apically with subacute apex in ventral view (Fig. 2 C), in lateral view, thickest among three branches (Figs. 2 A, G), longest among three branches in most specimens (Figs. 2 A, G 1 ���G 4, G 7), but slightly shorter than upper branch in few specimens (Fig. 2 G 6), almost parallel sided with round or subquadrate apex in most specimens (Figs. 2 G 1, G 2, G 5, G 6, G 7, G 8), but apex slightly tapered (Fig. 2 G 4) or broadened (Figs. 2 A, G 3) in few specimens. Ratio of widths of middle part of middle branch to widths of middle part of upper branch 1.8 ���2.0 in Hokkaid�� (n= 7) (Figs. 2 A, G 1), 2.0��� 2.5 in Iwate (n= 2) (Fig. 2 G 2), about 3 in Ibaraki (n= 4) (Fig. 2 G 3), 1.8���2.3 in Mie (n= 5) (Fig. 2 G 4), 1.1���2.9 in Shikoku (n= 9) (Figs. 2 D5, 7), 1.1 in Shimane (n= 1) (Fig. 2 G 6) and 1.5 in Okinawa (n= 2) (Fig. 2 G 8), with geographical cline not found in ratio; lower branch (Figs. 2 A, F, G) shortest, variable in size even at each site, often only protuberance (Figs. 2 G1, 3G 7). Phallobase tube curved 90 ˚; paramere spines absent; phallicata tubular, almost straight, about 2 / 3 as long as phallobase, with U- or V-shaped phallotremal sclerite (Figs. 2 C, E). Female genitalia (Fig. 3). Segment IX short, fused with tergum X and preanal appendages (Fig. 3 A); terga IXa (IXa) and IXb (IXb) conspicuous in dorsal view (Fig. 3 B); IXb variable in size and shape individually even at each site (Fig. 3 D 1���8), round (Fig. 3 D 1) or subtrapezoidal (Fig. 3 D 2), with (Figs. 3 B, D 3���5, D 7, D 8) or without (Figs. 3 D1, 2) middle notch, asymmetrical in some specimens (Figs. 3 D5, 6), very short in few specimens (Fig. 3 D 8). Preanal appendages (pr ap) represented as round, setose mounds (Fig. 3 A), semicircular in dorsal and ventral views (Figs. 3 B, C). Segment X (X) membranous, short, tube-like (Fig. 3 C), mesoventral slit present in few specimens. Lamellae round, vertical, setose lobe, each with rugose flap basolaterally (Figs. 3 A, C). Gonopod plate (go pl) broad, rugose laterally, with round vertical lobes (vl go pl) posterolaterally (Figs. 3 A, C); vertical lobes large, about 4 / 5 as large as lamellae in lateral view (Fig. 3 A), triangular in ventral view (Fig. 3 C). Apicomesal process of internal part of gonopod (ap go pl) semimembranous, subquadrate in ventral view (Fig. 3 C), acute in lateral view (Fig. 3 A). Spermathecal sclerite (sp sc) large sub-pentagonal in ventral view (Fig. 3 C), trapezoidal in lateral view (Fig. 3 A). Holotype male: JAPAN: Hokkaid��; Otaru-shi, Okusawa-suigenchi (43 ˚09���N, 140 ˚ 58 ���E, 220 m), 26.viii. 1996, Y. Sasaki & F. Takahashi, M (CBM-ZI 146707). Paratypes: type locality, but 29.vii. 1996, Y. Sasaki & F. Takahashi, M, 1 male, 2 females (CBM-ZI 146708���146710). Other specimens. JAPAN: Hokkaid��: Otaru-shi, Okusawa-suigenchi, Anataki, 26.vii. 1995, NKU, 1 female (NKU); Otaru-shi, Okusawa-suigenchi, Anataki, small stream, 26.vii. 1995, NKU, 1 males, 1 female (NKU); Otaru-shi, Okusawa-suigenchi, 29.vii. 1996, Y. Sasaki & F. Takahashi, M, 2 males, 5 females (1 male, 1 female, TI; 3 females, NKU); Otaru-shi, Okusawa-suigenchi, Shiraisawa, 2.viii. 1996, Y. Sasaki & F. Takahashi, M, 2 males, 29 females (NKU); Otaru-shi, Okusawa-suigenchi, 9.viii. 1996, Y. Sasaki & F. Takahashi, M, 10 females (NKU); Otaru-shi, Okusawa-suigenchi, 19.viii. 1996, Y. Sasaki and F. Takahashi, M, 1 female (NKU); Shimamaki-mura, Chihase-gawa, Nagumono-sawa, 160 m, 5.viii. 2008, TI, S, 1 male (TI); Shiriuchi-ch��, Idesu-gawa, 180 m, 12.vii. 2008, TI, S, 1 female (TI). Honsh��. Iwate: Iwaizumi-ch��, Mitagai-gawa, headwater, 18.vii. 2004, NKU, 3 males, 1 female (NKU); Iwaizumi-ch��, Osada, tributary of ��kawa, 12.vii. 1997, NKU, 1 male, 3 females (NKU); Iwaizumi-ch��, small tributary of Akka-gawa, 650 m, 19.vii. 2004, NKU, 1 male, 2 females (NKU); Miyako-shi, Kadoma, tributary of Miyama-gawa, 13.vii. 1997, NKU, 1 male (NKU); Kuji-shi, Kassemba, 12.vii. 1997, NKU, 1 male (NKU). Ibaraki: Hitachi-��miya-shi, Shimoisehata, mountain stream, 25.vi. 2005, NKA, 4 males, 5 females (TI); Hitachi-��ta-shi, Okami, small marsh, 8.viii. 2009, NKA, 1 male, 2 females (NKA). Mie: Daian-ch��, Ishigureminami, small stream, 13.vii. 2001, H. Morita, M, 1 male, 3 females (TI); same data except 30.vii. 2001, H. Morita, M, 1 male, 1 female (NKU); same data except 25.vii. 2001, H. Morita, M, 1 male, 1 female (TI); Yokkaichi-shi, Suizawa-ch��, small stream, 19.vi. 2009, H. Morita, M, 1 male, 5 females (TI); same data except 5.vii. 2009, H. Morita, M, 1 male (TI). Shimane: Okuizumi-ch��, Sentsuzan, 5���26.vii. 2006, M. Hayashi, M, 1 male (MKNM). Shikoku. Ehime: Uchiko-ch��, Odamiyama, Namakusa-dani, 29.vi. 2000, E. Yamamoto, M, 1 male, 1 female (TI); Uchiko-ch��, Odamiyama, Odamiyama-keikoku, small stream, 15.viii. 2000, E. Yamamoto, M, 5 males, 5 females (TI). Kochi: K��chi-shi, Tosayama, Kuishiyama, 8.vi. 2005, M. Takai, 1 male (TI); K��chi-shi, Tosayama, Kuishiyama, 2.ix. 2005, M. Takai, 2 males (TI); Kami-shi, Monobe, Nishikumabeppu-rind��, 25.vii. 2004, M. Takai, 1 males (TI); Ino-ch��, Teragawa, Yosakoi-t��ge, 19.vi. 2006, M. Takai, 1 male (TI); same data except 3.viii. 2001, I. Yamashita, 1 male (MKNM). Ry��ky�� Islands. Amami-��shima: Amami-shi, Setouchi, Miyama-gawa, Dainimiyama-bashi, 21.iv. 2008, TI, S, 3 females (TI). Okinawa-jima: Nago-shi, Genka-kawa, hygropetric habitat near Hogen-hashi, 8.iv. 2011, TI, S, 2 males, 2 females (TI); ��gimi-son, Takasato-gawa, small tributary at end of road, 17.iii. 2012, TI, S, 1 male, 4 females (TI); Kunigami-son, Oguni, small stream, 21.iii. 1999, TI & A. Ohkawa, S, 1 female (TI); Kunigami-son, Oku, small stream, 22.iii. 1999, TI & A. Ohkawa, S, 1 female (TI); Kunigami-son, Ie, 11���15.iv. 2001, K. Uesugi, M, 1 female (TI). Etymology. The specific epithet is a latinized version of the Greek adverb ���������������� (=in 3 parts) and a variant of the Greek adjective ���������������ς, -��, -��v��� (=cut), referring to the shape of the three-branched upper part of tergum X. Habitat. Most adults were collected near streams in mountain area. Distribution (Fig. 6). Japan: Hokkaid��, Honsh��, Shikoku, Ry��ky�� Islands (Amami-��shima, Okinawa-jima). Japanese name. Mitsumata-ko-higenaga-tobikera. Adicella paludicola Ito & Kuhara sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 6) Adicella sp. 1: Ito et al. 2007: 153, Japan (Hokkaid��); Ito & Kosugi 2007: 55, Japan (Hokkaid��). Diagnosis. A species of the Adicella pulcherrima Group (Schmid 1994), the male of this species resembles that of A. papillosa Yang & Morse 2000, distributed in southwestern China, in having the upper part of tergum X with seta-bearing papillae, a large lower part of tergum X and inferior appendages without branches. However, it clearly differs from the latter as follows: This species has (1) the upper part of tergum X is without a deep and wide dorsomesal slit and is never longer than the preanal appendages, (2) the lower part of tergum X is not extending beneath the phallus, and (3) the phallicata is without a phallotremal sclerite. On the other hand, A. papillosa has (1) the upper part of tergum X with a deep and wide dorsomesal slit and is much longer than the preanal appendages (2) the lower part of tergum X is extending mesad beneath the phallus, and (3) the phallicata has a U-shaped phallotremal sclerite. The female of this species resembles that of A. trichotoma but is distinguishable from the latter as follows: In A. trichotoma, the vertical lobes of the gonopod plate are relatively large, about 4 / 5 times as large as the lamellae in lateral view; in A. paludicola, the vertical lobes of the gonopod plate are rather small, about 2 / 3 as large as the lamellae and each is largely fused to its lamella along its dorsal edge in lateral view. Adult (Fig. 4). Light brown, body length 4.1���5.9 mm in male (n= 11) and 4.0��� 5.5 mm in female (n= 11). Antennae 3.0��� 4.6 times as long as body in male (n= 8), 2.8���3.5 times in female (n= 5); scapes thick, long, each 2.0 times as long as its pedicel. Maxillary palpi each 5 -segmented, total length 1.8 ���2.0 mm in male (n= 3), 1.8 mm in female (n= 2); labial palpi each 3 -segmented, to, Published as part of Ito, Tomiko, Kuhara, Naotoshi & Katsuma, Nobuyuki, 2013, The genus Adicella McLachlan (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae) in Japan, pp. 27-39 in Zootaxa 3635 (1) on pages 27-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3635.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/283517

Ito, Tomiko, Kuhara, Naotoshi, Katsuma, Nobuyuki (2013): The genus Adicella McLachlan (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 3635 (1): 27-39, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3635.1.3