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Zinc oxide (ZnO) and materials based on it are often used to create battery-type supercapacitor electrodes and are considered as promising materials for hybrid asymmetric supercapacitors. However, when creating such electrodes, it is necessary to take into account the instability and degradation of zinc oxide in aggressive environments with a non-neutral pH. To the best of our knowledge, studies of the changes in the properties of ZnO-containing electrodes in alkaline electrolytes have not been carried out. In this work, changes in the structure and properties of these electrodes under alkaline treatment were investigated using the example of ZnO-containing composites, which are often used for the manufacturing of supercapacitor electrodes. Supercapacitor electrodes made of two materials containing ZnO were studied: (i) a heterogeneous ZnO-Co3O4 system, and (ii) a hexagonal h-Zn-Co-O solid solution. A comparison was made between the structure and properties of these materials before and after in situ electrochemical oxidation in the process of measuring cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge. It has been shown that the structure of both nanoparticles of the heterogeneous ZnO-Co3O4 system and the h-Zn-Co-O solid solution changes due to the dissolution of ZnO in the alkaline electrolyte 3.5 M KOH, with the short-term alkaline treatment producing cobalt and zinc hydroxides, and long-term exposure leading to electrochemical cyclic oxidation–reduction, forming cobalt oxide Co3O4. Since the resulting cobalt oxide nanoparticles are immobilized in the electrode structure, a considerable specific capacity of 446 F g−1 or 74.4 mA h g−1 is achieved at a mass loading of 0.0105 g. The fabricated hybrid capacitor showed a good electrochemical performance, with a series resistance of 0.2 Ohm and a capacitance retention of 87% after 10,000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of transition in the line of business assets and obligations succession with regard to norms of civil, family and business law represents an important legal problem as for the matter of family business succession. Russian legislation does not determine the family business succession as a single entity, there exists no special regulation as well as the term “entrepreneurial succession”. The doctrine gives a reasonable conclusion that “practices of the recent past reveal substantial problems of marital regimes legal regulation under a digital transformation of the economy”. Inheriting different properties that can be collectively referred to sphere of entrepreneurial activity causes many problems of similar properties transition in the line of succession in the field of law enforcement. Determining particularities of legal regulation of inheritance relations complicated with business activities in order to ensure efficient regulation of succession to business assets and debts and as well to ensure law enforcement stability. The methodological base for the present scientific research is represented by the system of general scientific and specific scientific methods and research techniques, including a historical method, a logical method, a method of system analysis and research, a comparative legal method, a statistical method, a functional-structural method, methods of analysis and synthesis, a method of specification, an empirical and theoretical method, i.e. analogy, deduction. The authors suppose that in conditions of the world financial crisis complicated with consequences of the coronavirus pandemic small businesses are the most vulnerable, including family businesses. The authors believe that a modern lawyer must have systemic knowledge for efficient application of civil law, inheritance law, family law, entrepreneurial law on the basis of the convergence principle in law. The use of a rather broad methodological base allows determining essential properties of legal regulation of the family members’ entrepreneurial activity and inheritance relations from the point of view of law enforcement problems resolution. As for particularities of inheritance regulations application, a joint-stock company is supposed to have certain mechanisms of the protection of its interests in terms of its shares inheritance. For example, it is possible to envisage the right of a private joint-stock company to discourage inclusion within its shareholders a new participant in line with a similar power of the limited liability companies.

Based on Markov model of MIMO data transmission system channel coefficients from moving object held synthesis and analysis of channel coefficients error estimation. The model takes into account distribution configuration of reflectors in area, reception center and moving object location at a given time, kind of trajectory and speed of the moving object. A theory discrete Markov processes linear filtration is used by the development of estimation algorithm. Posteriori dispersions matrix is calculated. The simulation of filtering algorithm for different signal-interference situations is carried out.