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3. A global database of soil nematode abundance and functional group composition.

Author

van den Hoogen, Johan, Geisen, Stefan, Wall, Diana H, Wardle, David A, Traunspurger, Walter, de Goede, Ron GM, Adams, Byron J, Ahmad, Wasim, Ferris, Howard, Bardgett, Richard D, Bonkowski, Michael, Campos-Herrera, Raquel, Cares, Juvenil E, Caruso, Tancredi, de Brito Caixeta, Larissa, Chen, Xiaoyun, Costa, Sofia R, Creamer, Rachel, da Cunha E Castro, José Mauro, Dam, Marie, Djigal, Djibril, Escuer, Miguel, Griffiths, Bryan S, Gutiérrez, Carmen, Hohberg, Karin, Kalinkina, Daria, Kardol, Paul, Kergunteuil, Alan, Korthals, Gerard, Krashevska, Valentyna, Kudrin, Alexey A, Li, Qi, Liang, Wenju, Magilton, Matthew, Marais, Mariette, Martín, José Antonio Rodríguez, Matveeva, Elizaveta, Mayad, El Hassan, Mzough, E, Mulder, Christian, Mullin, Peter, Neilson, Roy, Nguyen, TA Duong, Nielsen, Uffe N, Okada, Hiroaki, Rius, Juan Emilio Palomares, Pan, Kaiwen, Peneva, Vlada, Pellissier, Loïc, da Silva, Julio Carlos Pereira, Pitteloud, Camille, Powers, Thomas O, Powers, Kirsten, Quist, Casper W, Rasmann, Sergio, Moreno, Sara Sánchez, Scheu, Stefan, Setälä, Heikki, Sushchuk, Anna, Tiunov, Alexei V, Trap, Jean, Vestergård, Mette, Villenave, Cecile, Waeyenberge, Lieven, Wilschut, Rutger A, Wright, Daniel G, Keith, Aidan M, Yang, Jiue-In, Schmidt, Olaf, Bouharroud, R, Ferji, Z, van der Putten, Wim H, Routh, Devin, and Crowther, Thomas W

Abstract

As the most abundant animals on earth, nematodes are a dominant component of the soil community. They play critical roles in regulating biogeochemical cycles and vegetation dynamics within and across landscapes and are an indicator of soil biological activity. Here, we present a comprehensive global dataset of soil nematode abundance and functional group composition. This dataset includes 6,825 georeferenced soil samples from all continents and biomes. For geospatial mapping purposes these samples are aggregated into 1,933 unique 1-km pixels, each of which is linked to 73 global environmental covariate data layers. Altogether, this dataset can help to gain insight into the spatial distribution patterns of soil nematode abundance and community composition, and the environmental drivers shaping these patterns.

Published
2020

5. Size compartmentalization of energy channeling in terrestrial belowground food webs

Author

Potapov, Anton M., Rozanova, Oksana L., Semenina, Eugenia E., Leonov, Vladislav D., Belyakova, Olga I., Bogatyreva, Varvara YU., Degtyarev, Maxim I., Esaulov, Anton S., Korotkevich, Anastasiya Yu., Kudrin, Alexey A., Malysheva, Elena A., Mazei, Yuri A., Tsurikov, Sergey M., Zuev, Andrey G., and Tiunov, Alexei V.

Published
2021

6. Exotic Topological Magnetic States in Thin Co/Pd Ferromagnetic Films

Author

Dorokhin, Mikhail V., primary, Ved, Mikhail V., additional, Kalentyeva, Irina L., additional, Demina, Polina B., additional, Zdoroveyshchev, Anton V., additional, Zdoroveyshchev, Daniil A., additional, Kudrin, Alexey V., additional, Temiryazeva, Marina P., additional, Temiryazev, Alexei G., additional, Tatarskiy, Dmitry A., additional, Trushin, Vladimir N., additional, Orlova, Anastasia N., additional, Kriukov, Ruslan N., additional, Zubkov, Sergey Yu., additional, and Sadovnikov, Alexandr V., additional

Published
2024
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8. Incorporation of the 15N-labeled simulated arthropod rain in the soil food web.

Author

Rozanova, Oksana L., Tsurikov, Sergey M., Kudrin, Alexey A., Leonov, Vladislav D., Krivosheina, Marina G., Fedorenko, Dmitry N., Tanasevitch, Andrei V., Rybalov, Leonid B., and Tiunov, Alexei V.

Subjects
ANIMAL communities, FOOD chains, RAINFALL, FOREST litter, ARTHROPODA
Abstract

Direct trophic links between aboveground and belowground animal communities are rarely considered in food web models. Most invertebrate animals inhabiting aboveground space eventually become prey of soil predators and scavengers forming a gravity-driven spatial subsidy to detrital food webs, but its importance remains unquantified. We used laboratory-grown 15N-labeled Collembola to trace the incorporation of arthropod rain into soil food webs. Live or euthanized Collembola were supplemented once to field mesocosms in the amount equivalent to the mean daily input of the arthropod rain (19 mg d.w. m−2). After the addition of live Collembola, the isotopic label was found most often in predatory Trombidiformes (83% of samples) and Mesostigmata mites (85%), followed by Araneae (58%), Chilopoda (45%), and Coleoptera (29%). Among non-predatory groups, the isotopic label was recorded in Thysanoptera (27%), Collembola (24%), and Oribatida (18%). The 15N-label was also detected in Symphyla, Formicidae, Diplura, Diplopoda, Opiliones, Diptera, Hemiptera, Oligochaeta, and Nematoda. There was a positive correlation between natural 15N abundance and the frequency of the isotopic label among predators, but not among decomposers. In the non-replicated treatment, in which dead collembolans were added, the label was found in predators and decomposers in approximately equal proportions (21–25%). Unlike other forms of the aboveground subsidy (such as leaf litter, frass, or honeydew) that are primarily processed by microorganisms, arthropod rain is assimilated directly by the animals. The high frequency of consumption of the aboveground subsidy suggests that it plays a significant role in maintaining the abundance of soil predators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Polycrystalline GeSn Films Grown by Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition on SiO2/Si(001) Substrates.

Author

Shengurov, Gennady Vladimirovich, Buzynin, Yury Nikolaevich, Chalkov, Vadim Yurievich, Nezhdanov, Alexey Vladimirovich, Kudrin, Alexey Vladimirovich, and Yunin, Pavel Andreevich

Subjects
CHEMICAL vapor deposition, HOLE mobility, LIQUID crystal displays, SURFACE roughness, RECRYSTALLIZATION (Metallurgy), THIN film transistors, GERMANIUM films, WIRE
Abstract

The conditions for the growth of polycrystalline GeSn films on SiO2/Si(001) substrates by hot wire chemical vapor deposition are determined for the first time. The effect of the introduction of Sn into the Ge lattice on the morphology, structure, and transport properties of films is studied. GeSn films obtained at 300 °C have a uniform surface with a roughness of less than 1.0 nm. It is shown that the introduction of 5% Sn allows, without the use of recrystallization annealing, to significantly increase the hole mobility of polycrystalline GeSn films from 20 to 60 cm2 V−1 × s−1. despite the small grain size of 35 nm. Such films are of great interest for creating thin‐film transistors for active matrices' liquid crystal displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Electrical properties of silicon-implanted β-Ga2O3:Fe crystals

Author

Nikolskaya, Alena, primary, Revin, Alexander, additional, Korolev, Dmitry, additional, Mikhaylov, Alexey, additional, Trushin, Vladimir, additional, Kudrin, Alexey, additional, Zdoroveyshchev, Anton, additional, Zdoroveyshchev, Daniil, additional, Yunin, Pavel, additional, Drozdov, Mikhail, additional, Konakov, Anton, additional, and Tetelbaum, David, additional

Published
2023
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13. Soil nematode abundance and functional group composition at a global scale

Author

van den Hoogen, Johan, Geisen, Stefan, Routh, Devin, Ferris, Howard, Traunspurger, Walter, Wardle, David A., de Goede, Ron G. M., Adams, Byron J., Ahmad, Wasim, Andriuzzi, Walter S., Bardgett, Richard D., Bonkowski, Michael, Campos-Herrera, Raquel, Cares, Juvenil E., Caruso, Tancredi, de Brito Caixeta, Larissa, Chen, Xiaoyun, Costa, Sofia R., Creamer, Rachel, Mauro da Cunha Castro, José, Dam, Marie, Djigal, Djibril, Escuer, Miguel, Griffiths, Bryan S., Gutiérrez, Carmen, Hohberg, Karin, Kalinkina, Daria, Kardol, Paul, Kergunteuil, Alan, Korthals, Gerard, Krashevska, Valentyna, Kudrin, Alexey A., Li, Qi, Liang, Wenju, Magilton, Matthew, Marais, Mariette, Martín, José Antonio Rodríguez, Matveeva, Elizaveta, Mayad, El Hassan, Mulder, Christian, Mullin, Peter, Neilson, Roy, Nguyen, T. A. Duong, Nielsen, Uffe N., Okada, Hiroaki, Rius, Juan Emilio Palomares, Pan, Kaiwen, Peneva, Vlada, Pellissier, Loïc, Carlos Pereira da Silva, Julio, Pitteloud, Camille, Powers, Thomas O., Powers, Kirsten, Quist, Casper W., Rasmann, Sergio, Moreno, Sara Sánchez, Scheu, Stefan, Setälä, Heikki, Sushchuk, Anna, Tiunov, Alexei V., Trap, Jean, van der Putten, Wim, Vestergård, Mette, Villenave, Cecile, Waeyenberge, Lieven, Wall, Diana H., Wilschut, Rutger, Wright, Daniel G., Yang, Jiue-in, and Crowther, Thomas Ward

Published
2019
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17. Electrical properties of silicon-implanted β-Ga2O3:Fe crystals.

Author

Nikolskaya, Alena, Revin, Alexander, Korolev, Dmitry, Mikhaylov, Alexey, Trushin, Vladimir, Kudrin, Alexey, Zdoroveyshchev, Anton, Zdoroveyshchev, Daniil, Yunin, Pavel, Drozdov, Mikhail, Konakov, Anton, and Tetelbaum, David

Subjects
ELECTRON donors, ION implantation, ELECTRON mobility, CRYSTALS, HIGH temperatures, SEMICONDUCTORS, IRON
Abstract

Ion implantation is a promising method for the development of β-Ga2O3-based technologies and devices. However, the physical principles of ion implantation for this particular semiconductor are still at the early stage of development. One of the primary tasks is the study of electrical properties of the ion-doped layers. In this work, we have investigated the electrical parameters of layers produced by ion implantation of a shallow donor impurity—silicon—into a semi-insulating β-Ga2O3 doped with iron and having a surface orientation of (−201). It is established that the activation efficiency of the implanted impurity significantly exceeds unity after post-implantation annealing at high temperatures. This indicates that not only silicon itself contributes to conductivity, but also defects formed with its (and, probably, iron) participation are involved. The temperature dependence of electron mobility is consistent with the theoretically calculated one under the assumption that, apart from shallow donors, there are also deep defect-associated donors and acceptors. It is assumed that the established properties are specific for the case of direct Si implantation into β-Ga2O3 doped with Fe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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20. Manipulation of Micromagnetic Structure of Thin Co/Pt Multilayer Films by Precise Variation of Co and Pt Thicknesses

Author

Dorokhin, M.V., primary, Zdoroveyshchev, Anton V., additional, Temiryazeva, Marina P., additional, Temiryazev, Alexei G., additional, Demina, Polina B., additional, Vikhrova, O.V., additional, Kudrin, Alexey V., additional, Kalentyeva, Irina, additional, Ved, Mikhail V., additional, Orlova, Anastasia N., additional, Trushin, Vladimir N., additional, Sadovnikov, Alexandr V., additional, and Tatarskiy, Dmitry A., additional

Published
2022
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29. A global database of soil nematode abundance and functional group composition

Author

DOB Ecology, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), German Research Foundation, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, German Academic Exchange Service, National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (Vietnam), National Key Research and Development Program (China), European Research Council, Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine (Taiwan), Russian Foundation for Basic Research, James Hutton Institute, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Hoogen, Johan van den, Geisen, Stefan, Wall, Diana H., Wardle, David A., Traunspurger, Walter, Goede, Ron G. M. de, Adams, Byron J., Ahmad, Wasim, Ferris, Howard, Bardgett, Richard D., Bonkowski, Michael, Campos-Herrera, Raquel, Cares, Juvenil E., Caruso, Tancredi, Brito Caixeta, Larissa de, Chen, Xiaoyun, Costa, Sofia R., Creamer, Rachel, Cunha Castro, José Mauro da, Dam, Marie, Djigal, Djibril, Escuer, Miguel, Griffiths, Bryan S., Gutiérrez, Carmen, Hohberg, Karin, Kalinkina, Daria, Kardol, Paul, Kergunteuil, Alan, Korthals, Gerard, Krashevska, Valentyna, Kudrin, Alexey A., Li, Qi, Liang, Wenju, Magilton, Matthew, Marais, Mariette, Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Matveeva, Elizaveta, Mayad, El Hassan, Mzough, E., Mulder, Christian, Mullin, Peter, Neilson, Roy, Nguyen, T. A. Duong, Nielsen, Uffe N., Okada, Hiroaki, Palomares Rius, Juan E., Pan, Kaiwen, Peneva, Vlada, Pellissier, Loïc, Pereira da Silva, Julio Carlos, Pitteloud, Camille, Powers, Thomas O., Powers, Kirsten, Quist, Casper W., Rasmann, Sergio, Sánchez-Moreno, Sara, Scheu, Stefan, Setälä, Heikki, Sushchuk, Anna, Tiunov, Alexei V., Trap, Jean, Vestergård, Mette, Villenave, Cecile, Waeyenberge, Lieven, Wilschut, Rutger, Wright, Daniel G., Keith, Aidan M., Yang, Jiue-in, Schmidt, Olaf, Bouharroud, R., Ferji, Z., Putten, Wim H. van der, Routh, Devin, Crowther, Thomas Ward, DOB Ecology, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), German Research Foundation, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, German Academic Exchange Service, National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (Vietnam), National Key Research and Development Program (China), European Research Council, Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine (Taiwan), Russian Foundation for Basic Research, James Hutton Institute, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Hoogen, Johan van den, Geisen, Stefan, Wall, Diana H., Wardle, David A., Traunspurger, Walter, Goede, Ron G. M. de, Adams, Byron J., Ahmad, Wasim, Ferris, Howard, Bardgett, Richard D., Bonkowski, Michael, Campos-Herrera, Raquel, Cares, Juvenil E., Caruso, Tancredi, Brito Caixeta, Larissa de, Chen, Xiaoyun, Costa, Sofia R., Creamer, Rachel, Cunha Castro, José Mauro da, Dam, Marie, Djigal, Djibril, Escuer, Miguel, Griffiths, Bryan S., Gutiérrez, Carmen, Hohberg, Karin, Kalinkina, Daria, Kardol, Paul, Kergunteuil, Alan, Korthals, Gerard, Krashevska, Valentyna, Kudrin, Alexey A., Li, Qi, Liang, Wenju, Magilton, Matthew, Marais, Mariette, Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Matveeva, Elizaveta, Mayad, El Hassan, Mzough, E., Mulder, Christian, Mullin, Peter, Neilson, Roy, Nguyen, T. A. Duong, Nielsen, Uffe N., Okada, Hiroaki, Palomares Rius, Juan E., Pan, Kaiwen, Peneva, Vlada, Pellissier, Loïc, Pereira da Silva, Julio Carlos, Pitteloud, Camille, Powers, Thomas O., Powers, Kirsten, Quist, Casper W., Rasmann, Sergio, Sánchez-Moreno, Sara, Scheu, Stefan, Setälä, Heikki, Sushchuk, Anna, Tiunov, Alexei V., Trap, Jean, Vestergård, Mette, Villenave, Cecile, Waeyenberge, Lieven, Wilschut, Rutger, Wright, Daniel G., Keith, Aidan M., Yang, Jiue-in, Schmidt, Olaf, Bouharroud, R., Ferji, Z., Putten, Wim H. van der, Routh, Devin, and Crowther, Thomas Ward

Abstract

As the most abundant animals on earth, nematodes are a dominant component of the soil community. They play critical roles in regulating biogeochemical cycles and vegetation dynamics within and across landscapes and are an indicator of soil biological activity. Here, we present a comprehensive global dataset of soil nematode abundance and functional group composition. This dataset includes 6,825 georeferenced soil samples from all continents and biomes. For geospatial mapping purposes these samples are aggregated into 1,933 unique 1-km pixels, each of which is linked to 73 global environmental covariate data layers. Altogether, this dataset can help to gain insight into the spatial distribution patterns of soil nematode abundance and community composition, and the environmental drivers shaping these patterns.

Published
2020

30. Changes in Nematode Communities and Functional Diversity With the Conversion of Rainforest Into Rubber and Oil Palm Plantations

Author

Krashevska, Valentyna, Kudrin, Alexey A., Widyastuti, Rahayu, and Scheu, Stefan

Subjects
Ecology, microfauna, trophic groups, land use, monoculture, lowland rainforest, riparian area, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Focusing on nematodes and their well-developed indices of community, ecosystem structure and function, we investigated the effects of the conversion of rainforest into rubber and oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Land use did not affect the total abundance of litter- and soil-dwelling nematodes, neither in riparian nor in well-drained sites. However, the rainforest nematode community differed from communities in plantations, with differences in litter being more pronounced compared to soil. In litter, fungivores and nematodes with short generation time (c-p2) increased in monoculture plantations, while that of bacterivores, herbivores, and nematodes with longer generation time and higher sensitivity to disturbances (c-p3) decreased. This indicates higher environmental pressure on nematodes in monoculture plantations than in rainforest. In soil of monoculture plantations, bacterivores, and c-p3 nematodes decreased while herbivores increased. This suggests that the damage of plants by nematodes in oil palm plantations exceeds that in rainforest. Overall, nematode functional diversity indices suggest that the stability of the decomposer community is higher in rainforest compared to monoculture plantations. Importantly, functional diversity indices were much more meaningful than nematode abundance. Further, changes with land use manifested more in litter than in soil, reflecting that nematode communities in soil are buffered against changes in land use and associated environmental conditions. Therefore, to fully assess changes in the structure and functioning of decomposer systems with changes in land use, the litter layer, which often receives little attention, requires more careful consideration. Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2019 peerReviewed

Published
2019
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32. Soil nematode abundance and functional group composition at a global scale

Author

Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, National Science Foundation (US), Global Environment Facility, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Minas Gerais, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), German Research Foundation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), German Academic Exchange Service, National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (Vietnam), Australian Research Council, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Campos-Herrera, R. [0000-0003-0852-5269], Hoogen, Johan van den, Geisen, Stefan, Routh, Devin, Ferris, Howard, Traunspurger, Walter, Wardle, David A., Goede, Ron G. M. de, Adams, Byron J., Ahmad, Wasim, Andriuzzi, Walter S., Bardgett, Richard D., Bonkowski, Michael, Campos-Herrera, Raquel, Cares, Juvenil E., Caruso, Tancredi, Brito Caixeta, Larissa de, Chen, Xiaoyun, Costa, Sofia R., Creamer, Rachel, Cunha Castro, José Mauro da, Dam, Marie, Djigal, Djibril, Escuer, Miguel, Griffiths, Bryan S., Gutiérrez, Carmen, Hohberg, Karin, Kalinkina, Daria, Kardol, Paul, Kergunteuil, Alan, Korthals, Gerard, Krashevska, Valentyna, Kudrin, Alexey A., Li, Qi, Liang, Wenju, Magilton, Matthew, Marais, Mariette, Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Matveeva, Elizaveta, Mayad, El Hassan, Mulder, Christian, Mullin, Peter, Neilson, Roy, Nguyen, T. A. Duong, Nielsen, Uffe N., Okada, Hiroaki, Palomares Rius, Juan E., Pan, Kaiwen, Peneva, Vlada, Pellissier, Loïc, Pereira da Silva, Julio Carlos, Pitteloud, Camille, Powers, Thomas O., Powers, Kirsten, Quist, Casper W., Rasmann, Sergio, Sánchez-Moreno, Sara, Scheu, Stefan, Setälä, Heikki, Sushchuk, Anna, Tiunov, Alexei V., Trap, Jean, Putten, Wim H. van der, Vestergård, Mette, Villenave, Cecile, Waeyenberge, Lieven, Wall, Diana H., Wilschut, Rutger, Wright, Daniel G., Yang, Jiue-in, Crowther, Thomas Ward, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, National Science Foundation (US), Global Environment Facility, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Minas Gerais, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), European Commission, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), German Research Foundation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), German Academic Exchange Service, National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (Vietnam), Australian Research Council, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Campos-Herrera, R. [0000-0003-0852-5269], Hoogen, Johan van den, Geisen, Stefan, Routh, Devin, Ferris, Howard, Traunspurger, Walter, Wardle, David A., Goede, Ron G. M. de, Adams, Byron J., Ahmad, Wasim, Andriuzzi, Walter S., Bardgett, Richard D., Bonkowski, Michael, Campos-Herrera, Raquel, Cares, Juvenil E., Caruso, Tancredi, Brito Caixeta, Larissa de, Chen, Xiaoyun, Costa, Sofia R., Creamer, Rachel, Cunha Castro, José Mauro da, Dam, Marie, Djigal, Djibril, Escuer, Miguel, Griffiths, Bryan S., Gutiérrez, Carmen, Hohberg, Karin, Kalinkina, Daria, Kardol, Paul, Kergunteuil, Alan, Korthals, Gerard, Krashevska, Valentyna, Kudrin, Alexey A., Li, Qi, Liang, Wenju, Magilton, Matthew, Marais, Mariette, Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Matveeva, Elizaveta, Mayad, El Hassan, Mulder, Christian, Mullin, Peter, Neilson, Roy, Nguyen, T. A. Duong, Nielsen, Uffe N., Okada, Hiroaki, Palomares Rius, Juan E., Pan, Kaiwen, Peneva, Vlada, Pellissier, Loïc, Pereira da Silva, Julio Carlos, Pitteloud, Camille, Powers, Thomas O., Powers, Kirsten, Quist, Casper W., Rasmann, Sergio, Sánchez-Moreno, Sara, Scheu, Stefan, Setälä, Heikki, Sushchuk, Anna, Tiunov, Alexei V., Trap, Jean, Putten, Wim H. van der, Vestergård, Mette, Villenave, Cecile, Waeyenberge, Lieven, Wall, Diana H., Wilschut, Rutger, Wright, Daniel G., Yang, Jiue-in, and Crowther, Thomas Ward

Abstract

Soil organisms are a crucial part of the terrestrial biosphere. Despite their importance for ecosystem functioning, few quantitative, spatially explicit models of the active belowground community currently exist. In particular, nematodes are the most abundant animals on Earth, filling all trophic levels in the soil food web. Here we use 6,759 georeferenced samples to generate a mechanistic understanding of the patterns of the global abundance of nematodes in the soil and the composition of their functional groups. The resulting maps show that 4.4 ± 0.64 × 1020 nematodes (with a total biomass of approximately 0.3 gigatonnes) inhabit surface soils across the world, with higher abundances in sub-Arctic regions (38% of total) than in temperate (24%) or tropical (21%) regions. Regional variations in these global trends also provide insights into local patterns of soil fertility and functioning. These high-resolution models provide the first steps towards representing soil ecological processes in global biogeochemical models and will enable the prediction of elemental cycling under current and future climate scenarios.

Published
2019

34. Cohesive strength of nanocrystalline ZnO:Ga thin films deposited at room temperature

Author

Rubio-Peña Luis, Kudrin Alexey, Danilov Yury, Samantilleke Anura, Rebouta Luís, Garim Vitor, Lanceros-Mendez Senetxu, Alpuim Pedro, and Carvalho Sandra

Subjects
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

Abstract In this study, transparent conducting nanocrystalline ZnO:Ga (GZO) films were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering at room temperature on polymers (and glass for comparison). Electrical resistivities of 8.8 × 10-4 and 2.2 × 10-3 Ω cm were obtained for films deposited on glass and polymers, respectively. The crack onset strain (COS) and the cohesive strength of the coatings were investigated by means of tensile testing. The COS is similar for different GZO coatings and occurs for nominal strains approx. 1%. The cohesive strength of coatings, which was evaluated from the initial part of the crack density evolution, was found to be between 1.3 and 1.4 GPa. For these calculations, a Young's modulus of 112 GPa was used, evaluated by nanoindentation.

Published
2011

43. Spruce girdling decreases abundance of fungivorous soil nematodes in a boreal forest.

Author

Kudrin, Alexey A., Zuev, Andrey G., Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Konakova, Tatiana N., Kolesnikova, Alla A., Gruzdev, Ivan V., Gabov, Dmitriy N., Yakovleva, Evgenia V., and Tiunov, Alexei V.

Subjects
*SOIL nematodes, *TAIGAS, *SPRUCE, *TUNDRAS, *COMMUNITY forests, *PINACEAE, *NORWAY spruce, *NEMATODES
Abstract

The relative importance of belowground and aboveground energy inputs for the decomposer communities in soil remains largely unknown. In particular, no research has been done on the significance of root-derived resources for nematode communities in boreal forests. In two spruce stands in the taiga zone, we set up a field experiment in which girdling of spruce trees and clipping of dwarf shrubs was performed. Root-derived resources were hypothesized to be highly important; accordingly, we expected to observe a suppression of the nematode community after experimental manipulations. To obtain information on the nature of changes in the soil food web, nematode community structure indices were applied. In partial confirmation of our hypothesis, spruce girdling decreased mycorrhizal hyphae biomass as assessed via in-growth mesh bags, as well as the abundance of fungivorous nematodes, mostly of the Aphelenchoides and Filenchus genera. The enrichment index (EI) value decreased, indicating reduction of organic matter inputs into the soil food web, whereas nematode channel ratio (NCR) index value increased, indicating a shift towards domination of the bacterial energy channel. Total nematode abundance, genera richness, and abundance of herbivores, omnivores, and predators did not change in response to spruce girdling. Clipping of dwarf shrubs decreased fungal and bacterial PLFA biomarkers, but did not affect nematode communities. Thus, the resources channeled in soil by the roots of canopy trees are of different relative importance for nematodes having different trophic habits. Fungivorous nematodes are at least partly dependent on root-derived resources, suggesting feeding on ectomycorrhizal mycelium. Rhizodeposits of understory vegetation are likely of low importance for nematodes. • We set up experiment in which spruce girdling and clipping of shrubs was performed. • Spruce girdling decreased the abundance of fungivorous nematodes. • Clipping of dwarf shrubs did not affect nematode communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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