Search

The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in every field is increasing rapidly. In order for UAVs to perform their duties correctly, they must be able to maintain continuous communication with ground stations. The use of WiFi wireless communication protocol has increased due to its high bandwidth. One of the most important threats that can threaten this type of communication is Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. In the event of such an attack, the UAV becomes inaccessible and may crash. Especially when the open port number is known, it becomes much easier to perform attacks that consume the resources of the drone. In this study, a mechanism is proposed to eliminate or at least mitigate the attack risk. This mechanism enables UAVs using wireless communication (WiFi) to communicate using TCP over UDP using middleware. In addition, by periodically changing the UDP open ports with a secret port number sequence known to both parties, it prevents the attacker from using the open port for a long time and renders the attack ineffective. In this study, the effects of the port hopping method on UAVs are evaluated. Test results on real systems shows that the proposed system makes the communication system of UAVs more resistant to DoS attacks by 91.2%.

Detection and diagnosis of the plant diseases in the early stage significantly minimize yield losses. Image-based automated plant diseases identification (APDI) tools have started to been widely used in pest managements strategies. The current APDI systems rely on images captured in laboratory conditions, which hardens the usage of the APDI systems by smallholder farmers. In this study, we investigate whether the smallholder farmers can exploit APDI systems using their basic and cheap unmanned autonomous vehicles (UAVs) with standard cameras. To create the tomato images like the one taken by UAVs, we build a new dataset from a public dataset by using image processing tools. The dataset includes tomato leaf photographs separated into 10 classes (diseases or healthy). To detect the diseases, we develop a new hybrid detection model, called SpikingTomaNet, which merges a novel deep convolutional neural network model with spiking neural network (SNN) model. This hybrid model provides both better accuracy rates for the plant diseases identification and more energy efficiency for the battery-constrained UAVs due to the SNN’s event-driven architecture. In this hybrid model, the features extracted from the CNN model are used as the input layer for SNNs. To assess our approach’s performance, firstly, we compare the proposed CNN model inside the developed hybrid model with well-known AlexNet, VggNet-5 and LeNet models. Secondly, we compare the developed hybrid model with three hybrid models composed of combinations of the well-known models and SNN model. To train and test the proposed neural network, 32022 images in the dataset are exploited. The results show that the SNN method significantly increases the success, especially in the augmented dataset. The experiment result shows that while the proposed hybrid model provides 97.78% accuracy on original images, its success on the created datasets is between 59.97%–82.98%. In addition, the results shows that the proposed hybrid model provides better overall accuracy in the classification of the diseases in comparison to the well-known models and LeNet and their combination with SNN.

The Institute for In Vitro Sciences (IIVS) is sponsoring a series of workshops to develop recommendations for optimal scientific and technical approaches for conducting in vitro assays to assess potential toxicity within and across tobacco and various next-generation products (NGPs) including heated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDSs). This publication was developed by a working group of the workshop members in conjunction with the sixth workshop in that series entitled "Dosimetry for conducting in vitro evaluations" and focuses on aerosol dosimetry for aerosol exposure to combustible cigarettes, HTP, and ENDS aerosolized tobacco products and summarizes the key challenges as well as documenting areas for future research.

The IoT environment includes the enormous amount of atomic services with dynamic QoS compared with traditional web services. In such an environment, in the service composition process, discovering a requested service meeting the required QoS is a di cult task. In this work, to address this issue, we propose a peer-to-peer-based service discovery model, which looks for the information about services meeting the requested QoS and functionality on an overlay constructed with users of services versus service nodes, with probably constrained resources. However, employing a plain discovery algorithm on the overlay network such as flooding, or k-random walk could cause high message overhead or delay. This necessitates an intelligent and adaptive discovery algorithm, which adapts itself based on users’ previous queries and the results. To fill this gap, the proposed service discovery approach is equipped with a reinforcement learning-based algorithm, named SARL. The reinforcement learning-based algorithm enables SARL to significantly reduce delay and message overhead in the service discovery process by ranking neighboring nodes based on users’ service request preferences and the service query results. The proposed model is implemented on the OMNet simulation platform. The simulation results demonstrate that SARL remarkably outperforms the existing approaches in terms of message overhead, reliability, timeliness, and energy usage efficiency.

In vitro testing of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) aerosol condensates is important in evaluating their potential toxicity. Collecting sufficient condensate for these tests is a time consuming and costly procedure. The "triple puff (TP)" is a novel system which collects the aerosol from three ENDS devices sequentially into a single filter pad and impinger. The TP substantially reduces condensate collection time relative to the conventional single ENDS, single puff (SP), device system. Both the TP and SP (using two puffing profiles) were used to generate condensates from JUUL ENDS e-liquid Mint 5.0% (nicotine by weight). Aerosols were collected using the filter pad and ethanol-containing impinger method. Condensates produced with the SP and TP were compared for concentrations of primary constituents and carbonyl compounds as well as for their cytotoxicity (OECD 129), mutagenicity (OECD 471) and genotoxicity (OECD 487). Condensates generated with the SP and TP, regardless of puffing regimen, were very similar chemically and equivalent in the biological assays tested (not cytotoxic, mutagenic, or genotoxic). The TP device significantly reduces production time of ENDS condensates relative to the standard SP method and thus may facilitate further research by reducing the time and effort required to collect ENDS condensates.

Tarımsal ürünlerin toprak bilgisine ve fiyat tahmin bilgilerine sınırlı erişimleri nedeniyle, çiftçiler mahsullerini bölgelerindeki ortak uygulamaya göre yetiştirmektedir. Bu, tarımda sürdürülebilirliğin devam ettirilememesine ve çiftçilerin üretimi ile tüketicinin talepleri arasında bir dengesizliğe yol açmaktadır. Yukarıda belirtilen sorunları ele almak için AgriTrade adlı BİT (ICT) tabanlı bir tarımsal ürün yetiştirme planlama politikası ve sistemi öneriyoruz. AgriTrade'in temel operasyonu, öncelikle çiftçileri bir mobil uygulama kullanarak interaktif bir şekilde ekim planlamasına katılmaya teşvik etmek, ikincisi, tedarik zincirinden toplanan verileri kullanarak çiftçilere yüksek hassasiyetli fiyat ve toprak bilgisi sağlamak için makine öğrenimi algoritmalarını kullanmaktır. AgriTrade'in fizibilitesini göstermek için, Avrupa'nın son 15 yıllık domates fiyatlarını ve AB'nin en büyük domates ihracatçılarından biri olan Türkiye'deki çiftçilerin domates yetiştiriciliği istatistiklerini toplayarak bir pilot kullanım örneği gerçekleştiriyoruz. AgriTrade, AB'nin tarihi domates fiyatlarına dayalı olarak gelecekteki domates fiyatlarını tahmin ediyor. Domatesi geleneksel yöntemle pazarlamayı ve tahmine dayalı pazarlamayı karşılaştırıyoruz: Geleneksel pazarlama yöntemi, ürünü yetiştirildiğinde hemen satmak iken, tahmine dayalı pazarlama, ürünü, ürünün fiyatlarının daha yüksek olduğu tahmin edilen ana kadar depolamaktır. Sonuçlar, Türkiye'deki çiftçilerin tahmine dayalı pazarlamayı uyguladıklarında, geleneksel yolla pazarlamaya kıyasla karlarını % 9,1 civarında önemli ölçüde artırabileceklerini gösteriyor., Due to their limited accessibility to the soil information and price prediction information of the agricultural products, farmers grow their crops based on the common practice in their regions. This leads to non-sustainability in agriculture and imbalance between farmers' production and customers' demand, respectively. To address the above-mentioned issues, we propose an ICT-based cultivation planning policy and system, named AgriTrade. The basic operation of AgriTrade lies in, first, incenting farmers to participate in the cultivation planning in an interactive manner using a mobile app, second, employing machine learning algorithms to provide high precision price and soil information for farmers using data collected from across the supply chain. To demonstrate the feasibility of AgriTrade, we carry out a pilot use case by collecting the last 15 years’ tomato prices of Europe and the statistics of tomato cultivation of farmers in Turkey, which is one of the biggest tomato exporters of the EU. AgriTrade forecasts the future tomato prices based on the historical tomato prices of the EU. We compare the traditional way marketing and forecast-based marketing of tomatoes: While the traditional way marketing is to immediately sell the product when it is grown, the forecast-based marketing is to store the product until the time the product's prices is higher based on the predicted prices and to sell it. The results show that when the farmers of Turkey apply the forecast-based marketing, they can remarkably increase their profits around 9.1% compared with the traditional way marketing.

Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired function and increased vulnerability to death(1). Despite rapid advances over recent years, many of the molecular and cellular processes which underlie progressive loss of healthy physiology are poorly understood(2). To gain a better insight into these processes we have created a single cell transcriptomic atlas across the life span of Mus musculus which includes data from 23 tissues and organs. We discovered cell-specific changes occurring across multiple cell types and organs, as well as age related changes in the cellular composition of different organs. Using single-cell transcriptomic data we were able to assess cell type specific manifestations of different hallmarks of aging, such as senescence(3), genomic instability(4) and changes in the organism’s immune system(2). This Tabula Muris Senis provides a wealth of new molecular information about how the most significant hallmarks of aging are reflected in a broad range of tissues and cell types.

Determination of the flotation kinetic is crucial for optimization, simulation, and plant design for flotation processes. Even though there are many studies carried out to clarify the kinetic properties of the conventional flotation cells, there is not enough detailed study about the Jameson cell which is used more than 300 plants but no application in Turkey yet. One of the most important parameters affects the kinetic of flotation is a frother. The effects of common frothers on the kinetic of Jameson cell can be crucial due to the possible further application of the cell in European and Turkish flotation industries. The present study was performed out to reveal the kinetic properties of the Jameson cell by using both pure quartz and coal particles. Besides, the effects of three different types of frothers on the kinetic of the Jameson cell were investigated for various particles sizes. According to the results, aliphatic alcohol type frother (MIBC) provided higher recovery for fine particles, while polypropylene glycol type frother (AF65) gave a better ability to float medium and coarse size particles. Additionally, the results show that the Jameson cell was four times faster than the mechanical cell for medium size while the ratio was three times for coarse particles. Lastly AF65 can be used for flotation of coarse particles in the Jameson cell while MIBC can be preferred for fines.

The evolution of power grids into digitized smart grids (SGs) brings about promising opportunities but also considerable challenges. On the one hand, smart grids promise more efficient, sustainable and reliable operation while providing more market functions and better customer service. On the other, however, the distributed nature of power generation in SGs poses challenges w.r.t. dependable distributed command and control (C2), digital service provisioning, and secure and reliable data communication. Distributed C2 of systems such as SGs hinges on reliable, timely and secure data communication. Thus, future SGs will be fully digitized. As such, for dependable SGs, novel, secure, resilient methods and communication protocols must be developed. In order to do so, a novel hardware-in-the-loop simulation testbed should be developed and used to validate the research that is capable of accurately modelling both the digital IT networks that control the SG, as well as the SG's power infrastructure -- from big transformer substations to pro-sumer households. There is a general lack of hardware integrated test-beds that focus on the distributed control and wireless edge networks for smart grids. In this paper, we demonstrate a cyber-physical testbed development framework, which we believe to help the researchers to in the development future cyber-physical testbeds., Güç şebekelerinin sayısallaştırılmış akıllı şebekelere (SG'ler) evrimi gelecek vaat eden fırsatlar ve aynı zamanda önemli zorluklar yaratmaktadır. Bir yandan, akıllı şebekeler daha fazla pazar işlevi ve daha iyi müşteri hizmeti sunarken daha verimli, sürdürülebilir ve güvenilir bir operasyon vaat ediyor. Öte yandan, SG'lerde elektrik üretiminin dağınık doğası, güvenilir dağıtılmış komuta ve kontrol (K2), dijital servis sağlama ve güvenli ve güvenilir veri iletişimi açısından zorluklar doğurmaktadır. SG'ler gibi dağıtılmış K2 sistemleri, güvenilir, zamanlı ve güvenli veri iletişimine dayanır. Böylece, gelecekteki SG'ler tamamen dijital hale getirilecektir. Bu nedenle, güvenilir SG'ler için yeni, güvenli, esnek yöntemler ve iletişim protokolleri geliştirilmelidir. Bunu yapabilmek için, hem SG'yi kontrol eden dijital BT (bilişim teknolojileri) ağlarını hem de SG'nin güç altyapısını doğru bir şekilde modelleyebilecek araştırmayı doğrulamak için yeni bir çevrim içi donanım simülasyonu testi geliştirilmeli ve kullanılmalıdır -- büyük trafo merkezlerinden tüketici hanelerine kadar. Akıllı şebekeler için dağıtılmış kontrole ve kablosuz kenar ağlara odaklanan, genel donanım entegre edilmiş test ortamları eksikliği vardır. Bu yazıda, gelecekteki enerji ağlarının temel taşı olduğuna inandığımız siber-fiziksel bir test ortamı öneriyoruz.

In this study, a system has been developed to detect the human density of indoor spaces such as libraries, banks, shopping malls. The RGB images used in this work was obtained from the real-life space. First and second order color moments were used as feature extractor.

The Tabula Muris ConsortiumWe have created a compendium of single cell transcriptome data from the model organism Mus musculus comprising more than 100,000 cells from 20 organs and tissues. These data represent a new resource for cell biology, revealing gene expression in poorly characterized cell populations and allowing for direct and controlled comparison of gene expression in cell types shared between tissues, such as T-lymphocytes and endothelial cells from distinct anatomical locations. Two distinct technical approaches were used for most tissues: one approach, microfluidic droplet-based 3’-end counting, enabled the survey of thousands of cells at relatively low coverage, while the other, FACS-based full length transcript analysis, enabled characterization of cell types with high sensitivity and coverage. The cumulative data provide the foundation for an atlas of transcriptomic cell biology.

Wnt/β-catenin signalling is central to development and its regulation is essential in preventing cancer. Using phosphorylation of Dishevelled as readout of pathway activation, we identified Drosophila Wnk kinase as a new regulator of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling. WNK kinases are known for regulating ion co-transporters associated with hypertension disorders. We demonstrate that wnk loss-of-function phenotypes resemble canonical Wnt pathway mutants, while Wnk overexpression causes gain-of-function canonical Wnt-signalling phenotypes. Importantly, knockdown of human WNK1 and WNK2 also results in decreased Wnt signalling in mammalian cell culture, suggesting that Wnk kinases have a conserved function in ensuring peak levels of canonical Wnt signalling.

Natural evolutionary forces and selective inbreeding have given rise to many different mouse strains that exhibit specific characteristics and traits (Beck et al. 2000). The publication of the mouse genome sequence has accelerated investigation of genomic variation among different types of mice. Indeed, genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) comparison studies across different inbred strains of mice have not only elucidated haplotype structure (Wade et al. 2002; Wiltshire et al. 2003), but have also provided markers for mapping phenotypic differences between strains. Sequence analysis has also identified segmental duplications in genomes, which are defined as stretches of DNA sequence ≥1-5 kb in length with ≥90% sequence conservation that are present in more than one location in the genome. They make up ∼5% of the human genome (Bailey et al. 2002) and lesser proportions of rodent genomes, 2.92% in the rat (Tuzun et al. 2004) and 1%-1.2% in the mouse (Cheung et al. 2003). These studies have found that both intrachromosomal and interchromosomal or transchromosomal segmental duplications are mosaics of sequences duplicated from within one chromosome or nonhomologous chromosomes, respectively. Transchromosomal duplications are predominantly located in regions close to the centromere and/or telomere and contain few functional genes, whereas intrachromosomal segmental duplications harbor functional genes and gene families and are predominantly found in euchromatic regions (Eichler et al. 1996; Jackson et al. 1999; Horvath et al. 2001; Cheung et al. 2003; Tuzun et al. 2004). Since both types appear to be recent evolutionary events (Cheung et al. 2001), they are likely to contribute to the generation of phenotypic diversity among laboratory mice. In the course of application of BAC array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) to characterize tumors in mouse models, we noticed large strain-specific ratio variations for many BACs, indicating probable germ-line copy number variations. Since these relative increases and decreases in copy number at particular loci could underlie certain strain specific phenotypes, we undertook a systematic study to detect and map variant loci among laboratory mouse genomes. This approach provides complementary information to genome sequencing, because large-scale copy number differences are not easily identified by sequence analysis (Locke et al. 2003), and it allows investigation of mouse genomes that have not been scheduled for whole-genome sequencing. Here, we report on the substantial copy number variation we found among mouse strains. Careful analysis of the results of our interstrain comparisons indicated that the BAC arrays also provided the ability to detect small ratio variations that presumably reflect nucleotide level variation among the strains. We show that this capability can be used to distinguish chromosomal regions of heterozygosity and homozygosity in interspecific backcross mice. These regions differ by log2ratio ∼ 0.1. Given the high density of genome coverage possible on BAC arrays and the rate at which hybridizations can be performed, this novel application of array CGH provides a highly efficient means to genotype progeny of interspecific backcross mice.

PTPRD (protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, D) is a tumor suppressor gene, frequently inactivated through deletions or epigenetic mechanisms in several cancers with importance for global health. In this study, we provide new and functionally integrated evidence on genetic and epigenetic alterations of PTPRD gene in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Importantly, HCC is the sixth most common malignancy and the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. We used a high throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray assay (Affymetrix, 10K2.0 Assay) covering the whole genome to screen an extensive panel of HCC cell lines (N=14 in total) to detect DNA copy number changes. PTPRD expression was determined in human HCCs by Q-RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Promoter hypermethylation was assessed by combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA). DNA methyl transferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC) and/or histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostain A (TSA) were used to restore the expression. We identified homozygous deletions in Mahlavu and SNU475 cells, in the 5′UTR and coding regions, respectively. PTPRD mRNA expression was downregulated in 78.5% of cell lines and 82.6% of primary HCCs. PTPRD protein expression was also found to be lost or reduced in HCC tumor tissues. We found promoter hypermethylation in 22.2% of the paired HCC samples and restored PTPRD expression by 5-AzaC and/or TSA treatments. In conclusion, PTPRD is homozygously deleted and epigenetically downregulated in HCCs. We hypothesize PTPRD as a tumor suppressor candidate and potential cancer biomarker in human HCCs. This hypothesis is consistent with compelling evidences in other organ systems, as discussed in this article. Further functional assays in larger samples may ascertain the contribution of PTPRD to hepatocarcinogenesis in greater detail, not to forget its broader importance for diagnostic medicine and the emerging field of personalized medicine in oncology. © Copyright 2015, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2015.

In the power distribution domain, the increasing penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) requires reliable, real-time and cost effective communication in order to manage the grid safely and securely. To achieve this goal, a heterogeneous network (mixing the public Internet and private networks) is a promising solution due to its cost effectiveness. However, the current Internet infrastructure does not support reliable real time communication. To cope with these challenges, we propose QoS routing based on a novel overlay network protocol. Moreover, the protocol provides fault-tolerant communication for critical applications by applying multi-path routing over disjoint paths. Simulation results demonstrates that the proposed overlay network and algorithms perform well in obtaining QoS-aware overlay routing service in scalable manner as well as fault-tolerance for the critical application.

Aberrant regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has an important role during the onset and progression of colorectal cancer, with over 90% of cases of sporadic colon cancer featuring mutations in APC or β-catenin. However, it has remained a point of controversy whether these mutations are sufficient to activate the pathway or require additional upstream signals. Here we show that colorectal tumours express elevated levels of Wnt3 and Evi/Wls/GPR177. We found that in colon cancer cells, even in the presence of mutations in APC or β-catenin, downstream signalling remains responsive to Wnt ligands and receptor proximal signalling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that truncated APC proteins bind β-catenin and key components of the destruction complex. These results indicate that cells with mutations in APC or β-catenin depend on Wnt ligands and their secretion for a sufficient level of β-catenin signalling, which potentially opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions by targeting Wnt secretion via Evi/Wls., Activating mutations in the Wnt signalling pathway are associated with colon cancer. Here the authors show that tumour cells carrying mutations in APC and β-catenin are still regulated by Wnt ligands, suggesting that Wnt secretion and receptor signalling remains important to control downstream signalling.

Summary Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an important role in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. When Wnt ligands bind to the receptor complex, LRP5/6 coreceptors are activated by phosphorylation and concomitantly endocytosed. In vertebrates, Wnt ligands induce caveolin-dependent endocytosis of LRP6 to relay signal downstream, whereas antagonists such as Dickkopf promote clathrin-dependent endocytosis, leading to inhibition. However, little is known about how LRP6 is directed to different internalization mechanisms, and how caveolin-dependent endocytosis is mediated. In an RNAi screen, we identified the Rab GTPase RAB8B as being required for Wnt/β-catenin signaling. RAB8B depletion reduces LRP6 activity, β-catenin accumulation, and induction of Wnt target genes, whereas RAB8B overexpression promotes LRP6 activity and internalization and rescues inhibition of caveolar endocytosis. In Xenopus laevis and Danio rerio , RAB8B morphants show lower Wnt activity during embryonic development. Our results implicate RAB8B as an essential evolutionary conserved component of Wnt/β-catenin signaling through regulation of LRP6 activity and endocytosis.

Over the last decade, cell-based screening has become a powerful method in target identification and plays an important role both in basic research and drug discovery. The availability of whole genome sequences and improvements in cell-based screening techniques opened new avenues for high-throughput experiments. Large libraries of RNA interference reagents available for many organisms allow the dissection of broad spectrum of cellular processes. Here, we describe the current state of the large-scale phenotype screening with a focus on cell-based screens. We underline the importance and provide details of screen design, scalability, performance, data analysis, and hit prioritization. Similar to classical high-throughput in vitro screens with defined-target approaches in the past, cell-based screens depend on a successful establishment of robust phenotypic assays, the ability to quantitatively measure phenotypic changes and bioinformatics methods for data analysis, integration, and interpretation.

Over the last decade, cell-based screening has become a powerful method in target identification and plays an important role both in basic research and drug discovery. The availability of whole genome sequences and improvements in cell-based screening techniques opened new avenues for high-throughput experiments. Large libraries of RNA interference reagents available for many organisms allow the dissection of broad spectrum of cellular processes. Here, we describe the current state of the large-scale phenotype screening with a focus on cell-based screens. We underline the importance and provide details of screen design, scalability, performance, data analysis, and hit prioritization. Similar to classical high-throughput in vitro screens with defined-target approaches in the past, cell-based screens depend on a successful establishment of robust phenotypic assays, the ability to quantitatively measure phenotypic changes and bioinformatics methods for data analysis, integration, and interpretation.

Introduction: Genomic instability is a hallmark of ovarian cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression, and are often dysregulated in cancer. The aim of this study is to determine whether copy number variations (CNV) lead to altered miRNA expression and downstream effects on target gene expression in serous epithelial ovarian cancer (SEOC). Materials and Methods: CN, mRNA and miRNA expression profiling was performed on 4 SEOC (OV167, OV202, OVCAR-3, PE01) and 1 normal (HOSE) cell lines using Affymetrix Cytogenetic 2.7M Arrays, Affymetrix GeneChip Gene 1.0 ST arrays and Exiqon MiRCURY LNA arrays respectively. Chromosomal positioning of miRNAs was performed using Bowtie v 0.12.7 [1]. Results and Discussion: We determined that 60% (361/605) of miRNAs assessed were in regions of CNV in at least 2 cancer cell lines. Of these miRNAs, 32% (115/361) had changes in expression levels that correlated with CNV. One of these, miR-23a, is predicted to target AXL, an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase upstream of the PI3K/mTOR signalling pathway. AXL is over-expressed in ovarian cancer, and an inverse relationship was identified between the expression of AXL and miR-23a in 2 of the 4 cell lines. Axl has been previously reported to be over-expressed in 73% of ovarian tumour samples [2]. Transient transfection of miRNA mimics (Ambion) into ovarian cancer cell lines confirmed AXL down regulation after miR-23a addition. Conclusion: We demonstrate that approximately one third of miRNAs that are located in regions of CNV have altered expression which correlates with the chromosomal change. We conclude that genomic instability may contribute to miRNA dysregulation in ovarian cancer.