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The rising demand for plant-based alternatives to traditional meat products has led to the development of plant-based sausages (PBSs) that closely mimic the texture and taste of their meat counterparts. This study investigates the rheological and textural properties, as well as proton molecular dynamics, of hot dog-type PBSs and batters used in their production. Various formulations were analyzed to understand how different ingredients and processing methods affect the characteristics of the final products. Our findings reveal that the incorporation of specific plant proteins and hydrocolloids significantly influences the rheological behavior and texture profile of sausages. The hardness of the samples ranged from 4.33 to 5.09 N/mm and was generally higher for the products with inorganic iron sources. Regarding the viscoelastic properties, all the samples showed larger values of the storage modulus than the loss modulus, which indicates their solid-like behavior. Additionally, the study utilized advanced proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to elucidate the molecular dynamics within plant-based matrices, providing insights into water distribution and mobility. Key findings highlight the impact of different plant proteins and additives on the texture and stability of sausage analogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potato juice (PJ), commonly considered a burdensome waste, is rich in various compounds with bioactive properties. It has long been considered a remedy for gastric problems in traditional folk medicine. If valorization of PJ through implementation in the production of functional foods is to be considered, stabilization methods must be developed to allow long-term storage of this seasonal product. It is important that such methods are chosen with regard to their effect on the bioactive value of the obtained product. In this study, the impact of four stabilization methods on the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of PJ was investigated. Elevated temperatures were used in thermal deproteinization used to obtain DPJW (deproteinated potato juice water) and spray-drying of FPJ (fresh potato juice) that resulted in SDPJ. Freeze drying and cryoconcentration were the low temperature processing methods that yielded PJL (potato juice lyophilisate) and CPJ (cryocorncentrated potato juice), respectively. All processed materials were characterized chemically and compared with raw materials in terms of phenolic compounds content, antioxidant activity as well as cytotoxicity to human tumor cells isolated from the gastric mucosa (Hs476T cell line), colon (Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines), and normal cells isolated from the small intestine and colon epithelium (IEC-6 and NCM460 cell lines). It was stated that high-temperature processes – thermal deproteinization and spray-drying – yielded products with increased antioxidant potential (TEAC) that also showed increased cytotoxic activity towards intestinal cancer cells. At the same time the cytotoxicity towards normal cells remained on par with that of fresh PJ (IEC-6 cells) or decreased (NCM460 cells). Thermal deproteinization significantly decreased the content of glycoalcaloids in the juice, while spray drying did not have such an effect. The two low-temperature processes investigated – cryoconcentration and freeze drying – did not affect the PJ cytotoxic activity towards any of the cell lines used in the tests, whereas they did affect the antioxidant properties and glycoalcaloids content of PJ.

Microbial production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) has attracted the interest of scientists for decades. Its product offers an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to fossil-based raw materials for chemical synthesis. Citrobacter freundii is one of the natural producers of 1,3-PD known for its ability to yield it in significant titers. An efficient bioprocess requires an in-depth understanding of the factors that influence the performance of its biocatalyst. The effects of pH, temperature, stirring rate, and substrate concentration on glycerol fermentation in fed-batch cultures of C. freundii AD119 were investigated in this study. In addition to monitoring the kinetics of substrate utilization and the formation of the final products, the concentration of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA), an inhibitory intermediate of glycerol bioconversion, was analyzed. When the optimal working conditions were used (pH 7.0, temperature 30 °C, stirring rate of 80 rpm, and glycerol concentration below 15 g/L during the fed-batch phase), 53.44 g/L of 1,3-PD were obtained. When the process was performed at temperatures of 33 °C or higher or in acidic pH (6.5), an elevated concentration of 3-HPA was observed and the process halted prematurely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to characterize the course of the election campaign, a detailed analysis of the election results and an attempt to reflect on the consequences of the outcome of the elections that took place in Germany on September 26, 2021. The author analyzes the election results with particular emphasis on the ongoing changes in the German party system. This election was unique for several reasons: 1) the chancellor in office was, for the first time, not seeking re-election so it was obvious that someone else would head the new government; 2) three parties (CDU/CSU, SPD and the Greens) nominated their candidates for chancellor; 3) the elections were highly personalized: errors and slip-ups of the leaders significantly impacted the ratings of their parties; 4) the election campaign was exceptionally dynamic (the party leading the polls changed three times), and its course was strongly influenced by unexpected events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the tragic flood in western Germany; 5) in their programs, most parties set themselves far-reaching goals related to the modernization of the German economy and the adaptation of Germany to the challenges of the climate crisis. The study confirmed the thesis that the results of the elections to the Bundestag of the 20th electoral term validated most of the tendencies within the German party system that could be observed in the 21st century. Thus, the German party system will continue to be based on the six relevant parties represented in the Bundestag (SPD, CDU/CSU, Greens, FDP, AfD and Die Linke). However, the position of extreme parties (AfD, Die Linke) weakened, resulting in a greater number of possible coalition solutions. After the elections, a progressive coalition was formed, nicknamed a “traffic lights coalition”, made up of the SPD, the Greens and the FDP with Olaf Scholz as the new chancellor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cricket powder (CP), rich in protein, fat, vitamins and minerals, is potentially a valuable additive for the production of food. While being relatively poorly studied in terms of its technological properties, this raw material has already found acceptance from organizations such as EU or FAO. The research reported in this paper was aimed at investigating the effects of an addition of 2% and 6% of CP to pâté. Proximate composition and textural properties of the products were determined, and Low-Field NMR was used to analyze the impact of the additive on the dynamics of water. Differences were determined in the obtained products in terms of chemical composition, with fat, protein and ash contents increasing with increased addition of CP. The NMR analyzes revealed that 6% addition of CP resulted in an increased ratio of bound to bulk water (decreased T1 spin-lattice time) and increased mobility of bulk water (increased T22 spin-spin time). The same amount of the additive was found to cause a significant decrease in hardness and spreadability of the pâté. A 2% addition of CP did not impact these properties of the product significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spray-dried potato juice, a raw material with pro-health properties that have already been described in recent literature, was used to substitute a part of wheat flour in bread. Bread was chosen based on its popularity. This paper is a report on the results of this substitution. Three levels of flour replacement were chosen – 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% (with respect to the mass of flour). The influence of potato juice addition on some of the most important characteristics of wheat bread was determined. Mixes of wheat flour and spray-dried potato juice were analyzed for fermentative and pasting properties. Baked bread samples were analyzed for their texture, color, consumer acceptance and antioxidant activity. The substitution influenced the volume of the loaf as gasses were not retained by the underdeveloped gluten network. Spray-dried potato juice was also found to influence the pasting properties. The viscosity values (peak viscosity, trough and final viscosity) determined with the RVA device were increased in pastes obtained from raw material mixtures with spray-dried potato juice. These crumb also showed increased firmness and chewiness as well as decreased springiness in the performed texture profile analyses. Spray-dried potato juice was also found to impact the color of bread crumb to an extent noticeable to the human eye. The bread that contained spray-dried potato juice was darker than bread produced with sole wheat bread. The color components (CIE L*a*b*) were shifted toward red and yellow. The bread containing spray-dried potato juice was also significantly richer in antioxidant compounds than the control wheat bread. From the perspective of consumer acceptance, the introduction of larger amounts of spray-dried potato juice resulted in deterioration of the sensory quality. Nonetheless, the acceptance of bread with 2.5% of flour substituted with spray-dried potato juice did not differ significantly from the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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