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The knowledge of high-pressure behavior of LiH is significant for the validation of fundamental theoretical models and applications in thermonuclear materials and potential energy supplies. The compressibility of 7 LiH under isentropic compression at high pressure was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experimental technique for quasi-isentropic compression with low-density materials was developed using the magnetocumulative generator CJ-100 and x-ray flash radiography. The x-ray images and extracted interface of the sample target in dynamic flash radiography experiments were obtained. According to each interface size of the target both before and after compression, the compression ratio of 7 LiH and reference material aluminum was obtained. The density of the reference and using its known isentropic curve provide the pressure in the reference. The pressure in 7 LiH was deduced from the pressure in the reference and using the calculated gradient correction factor. The quasi-isentropic data point at 438 GPa was obtained experimentally. A semiempirical three-term complete equation of state was constructed and validated for 7 LiH using the theory of Mie-Grüneisen-Debye with experimental data from the literature. The quasi-isentrope data point is reasonably consistent with the theoretical results. The quasi-isentropic experimental techniques and results broaden the existing research scope and are practical and helpful to further validate theoretical models in the future.

Abstract: Whether breast-conserving therapy (BCT) should be chosen as a local treatment for young women with early-stage breast cancer is controversial. This study compared the survival benefits of BCT or mastectomy in young women under 40 with early-stage breast cancer and further explored age-stratified outcomes. This study investigated whether there is a survival benefit when young women undergo BCT compared with mastectomy.The characteristics and prognosis of white women under 40 with stage I-II breast cancer from 1988 to 2016 were analyzed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. These women were either treated with BCT or mastectomy. The log-rank test of the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox proportional risk regression model were used to analyze the data and survival. The analysis was stratified by age (18-35 and 36-40 years).A total of 23,810 breast cancer patients were included, of whom 44.9% received BCT and 55.1% underwent mastectomy, with a median follow-up of 116 months. Patients undergoing mastectomy had a higher tumor burden and younger age. By the end of the 20th century, the proportion of BCT had grown from nearly 35% to approximately 60%, and then gradually fell to 35% into the 21st century. Compared with the mastectomy group, the BCT group had improved breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.917; 95% CI, 0.846-0.995, P = .037) and overall survival (OS) (HR 0.925; 95% CI, 0.859-0.997, P = .041). In stratified analysis according to the different ages, the survival benefit of BCT was more pronounced in the slightly older (36-40 years) group while there was no significant survival difference in the younger group (18-35 years).In young women with early-stage breast cancer, BCT showed survival benefits that were at least no worse than mastectomy, and these benefits were even better in the 36 to 40 years age group. Young age may not be a contraindication for BCT., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Abstract: Currently, the wide-spread use of screening mammography has led to dramatic increases in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). However, DCIS of Chinese Americans, the largest Asian subgroup in American, has rarely been comprehensively studied over the past decade. This work compared the DCIS characteristics and prognosis of Chinese American patients with White Americans in the USA to determine the characteristics and prognosis of DCIS patients of Chinese Americans.The data were obtained using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. The diagnosis and treatment variables between the two groups were compared by means of Chi-square tests. Survival was determined with the use of the Kaplan-Meier method and the multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model.From 1975 to 2016, 81,745 White Americans and 2069 Chinese Americans were diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ. Compared with the white patients, the Chinese Americans were younger (P < .001) with smaller tumors (P < .001) and higher family income (P < .001). DCIS patients of Chinese American group accounted for a higher percentage of all breast cancers than the whites (P < .001). In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, Chinese American was an independent favorable prognostic factor in terms of overall survival (OS) (HR, 0.684; 95% CI, 0.593-0.789; P < .001) compared with the white group.In conclusion, DCIS characteristics of the Chinese group, which exhibited a higher proportion of younger age, a higher DCIS ratio, and a better prognosis, were distinct from those of the White Americans., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

MyD88 has been implicated in the tumourigenesis, metastasis and recurrence of breast cancer (BC). Here we utilized TJ-M2010-2 (TJ), an inhibitor of MyD88 homodimerimerization, and siMyD88 to suppress the function of MyD88 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. BC cells were treated in vitro and xenografted into nude mice to generate a model in vivo. TJ inhibited BC cell growth by impeding proliferation rather than by promoting apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, TJ and siMyD88 significantly attenuated cell migration and invasion, inhibited EMT-like progression and reduced cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1 and TNF-α) secretion induced by LPS. In vivo, TJ significantly hindered tumour growth in mice. Notably, TJ also decreased the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1, and TNF-α and M2 macrophage infiltration in the tumour microenvironment. The expression of MyD88, TRAF6, NF-κB p65, Snail, MMP-2, MMP-9, p-GSK-3β and p-Akt was significantly downregulated by TJ in BC cells and tumour tissues. Collectively, these results suggest that a MyD88 inhibitor (TJ) may be a promising therapeutic modality for treating BC patients., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

With our improved understanding of the biological behavior of breast cancer, minimally invasive intervention is urgently needed for personalized treatment of early disease. Intraductal therapy is one such minimally invasive approach. With the help of appropriate tools, technologies using the intraductal means of entering the ducts may be used both to diagnose and treat lesions in the mammary duct system with less trauma and at the same time avoid systemic toxicity. Traditional agents such as those targeting pathways, endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, or gene therapy can be used alone or combined with other new technologies, such as nanomaterials, through the intraductal route. Additionally, relevant mammary tumor models in rodents which reflect changes in the tumor microenvironment will help deepen our understanding of their biological behavior and heterogeneity. This article reviews the current status and future prospects of intraductal therapy in breast cancer, with emphasis on ductal carcinoma in situ.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of micro-clamping stent-retriever thrombectomy (MSRT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke with intracranial large vessel embolism (ILVE), and compare it with that of conventional stent-retriever thrombectomy (CSRT)., Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 108 patients with ILVA treated by MSRT (n = 52) or CSRT (n = 56) from the 2 participating institutions between January 2016 and November 2017. The rates of successful (Modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [mTICI] grade 2b or 3) and complete reperfusion (mTICI grade 3), time from guide catheter placement to reperfusion, rates of first-pass success, and the number of passes for reperfusion were compared between the MSRT and CSRT groups., Results: The complete reperfusion (mTICI 3) rates by MSRT were significantly higher than those achieved with CSRT (78.8% [41/52] vs. 57.1% [32/56], respectively; P = 0.016). Successful reperfusion (mTICI 2b or 3) rates were 92.3% (48/52) in the MSRT group and 83.9% (47/56) in the CSRT groups (P = 0.181). The mean number of passes for reperfusion was significantly lower with MSRT compared with CSRT (1.5 ± 0.2 vs. 2.5 ± 0.5, respectively; P = 0.001). The first-pass success rates were significantly higher in the MSRT group than in the CSRT group (65.4% [34/52] vs. 28.6% [16/56]; P = 0.0001). The mean time from guide catheter placement to reperfusion was significantly shorter in the MSRT group (20.5 ± 6.6 minutes vs. 46.3 ± 7.6 minutes; P = 0.001)., Conclusions: These findings suggest that the complete reperfusion rates and mechanical thrombectomy efficiency in patients with ILVE are better after MSRT compared with CSRT., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Embolization of thrombus fragments in new or downstream vascular territories is a potential adverse event in neurothrombectomy, requiring additional repeated thrombectomy attempts. This study aims to describe technical results of the thrombectomy with clamping embolus technique (TCET) method in acute ischemic stroke. This study also aims to evaluate the efficiency of mechanical thrombectomy by TCET, and to compare it with conventional stent retriever thrombectomy (CSRT)., Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in 52 consecutive patients treated between January 2015 and October 2016 for intracranial large vessel occlusion by stent retriever thrombectomy. Recanalization rates, procedure durations, and thrombectomy attempts were compared between the TCET and the CSRT groups., Results: Successful recanalization (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [TICI] 2b or 3) with TCET was achieved in 91.7% (22 of 24) versus 92.9% (26 of 28) in the CSRT group (P = .921). To preserve the restored patency of severely affected atherosclerotic intracranial vessels, 7 and 8 patients received angioplasty or stenting in the TCET and CSRT groups, respectively. In embolic cases, the number of thrombectomy attempts with TCET was significantly lower than that obtained with CSRT (1.7 ± .2 versus 2.6 ± .5, respectively; P = .001); the one-pass thrombectomy rate was significantly higher in the TCET group than in the CSRT-treated patients (58.8% versus 25.0%, respectively; P = .014). Procedure duration was significantly shorter by TCET than by CSRT (35.8 ± 5.8 minutes versus 55.5 ± 7.2 minutes, respectively; P = .001)., Conclusions: The efficiency of mechanical thrombectomy by TCET in acute ischemic stroke might be improved compared with CSRT., (Copyright © 2018 National Stroke Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

We reported a case of acute embolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery with a patent accessory middle cerebral artery. Because of the presence of sufficient collateral blood supply from the accessory middle cerebral artery, the patient only underwent transient ischemic attack and did not need endovascular treatment. There was mild infarction in the basal ganglia and temporal lobe, NIHSS score of the patient at discharge seven days after stroke onset was 0, and modified Rankin scale score at 90 days was 0., (© The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.)

Background: Non-bronchial systemic arteries can be a significant source of massive hemoptysis in patients with marked pleural involvement. However, in some cases without pleural involvement, the pulmonary ligament artery (PLA) can also enter the abnormal lung parenchyma and be responsible for hemoptysis., Purpose: To discuss the factors influencing the development of a blood supply from the PLA in patients with hemoptysis., Material and Methods: Seventy-five consecutive patients who underwent bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for massive hemoptysis were evaluated between January 2006 and December 2011 retrospectively. Selective arteriography showed an enlarged and tortuous PLA in five patients. CT was done to determine the site and extent of the underlying diseases before BAE in all patients. Angiographic and CT images were analyzed to determine if there was a relationship between PLA supply and location of the underlying disease or mediastinal pleural involvement., Results: The underlying lesions of six patients involved the basal segments of the lower lobe without marked mediastinal pleural thickening or adhesion, but diaphragmatic and lateral pleural thickening was observed in one case. Of these six patients, the PLA supplied blood to the lesions related to the hemoptysis in five patients. No patient with massive hemoptysis whose underlying lesions involved other segments of lung had a PLA supplying the lesions., Conclusion: Even though pleural involvement is absent, underlying lesions involving the basal segments of the lower lobe could be a good indicator that the PLA is the cause of bleeding in patients with massive hemoptysis.

Unlabelled: Monoclonal antibody Hb3 against large bowel carcinoma was used to study 20 cases of large bowel carcinoma and 60 cases of chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC) by immunohistochemical methods., Results: The positive Hb3 binding rates to large bowel carcinoma, CUC, normal bowel mucosa and fetal large bowel mucosa were 80.0%, 41.7%, 8.3% and 100.0% respectively. In addition, the positive Hb3 binding rate to CUC in the rectum was higher than that in the colon, which agrees with the fact that most large bowel carcinomas are found in the rectum. The authors believe that the expression of tumor associated antigen in CUC is a very early biochemical abnormality which can be detected before morphological changes occur. The results of this study support the viewpoint that chronic ulcerative colitis is a precancerous condition of large bowel cancer.