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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on synovitis in a mouse model of osteoarthritis and explore the possible mechanism. Methods We assessed the therapeutic effect of LIPUS on synovitis in a mouse model of destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM). The histopathology of the synovium of the knee joint was examined in 7 mice with DMM (model group), 7 normal mice (control group) and 7 mice with DMM treated with LIPUS. The proportion of iNOS- and CD206-positive cells in F4/80-positive macrophages in the synovium was detected. Cultured THP-1 macrophages were divided into control group, LIPUS group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group and LPS+LIPUS group, and Raw 264.7 cells were divided into LPS group and LPS+LIPUS group with corresponding treatments. The mRNA levels of polarization-related indexes (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 and Arg1) were detected using real-time quantitative PCR after the treatments, and the protein levels of p-JNK and p-NF-κB p65 were detected using Western blotting. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to observe the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in THP-1 cells after LPS or LPS+LIPUS treatment. Results In the mouse models of DMM, treatment with LIPUS significantly reduced the thicknesses of the synovium (P < 0.05), decreased the proportion of M1 macrophages and upregulated the proportion of M2 macrophages in the synovium (P < 0.05). In THP-1 and Raw 264.7 macrophages stimulated with LPS, LIPUS treatment significantly lowered IL-1β and TNF-α levels but increased IL-10 and Arg1 levels (P < 0.05). LIPUS also decreased the protein levels of p-JNK and p-NF-κB p65 in LPS-stimulated macrophages (P < 0.05) and suppressed LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB (P < 0.05). Conclusion LIPUS produces anti-inflammatory effects on the synovium in the mouse model of osteoarthritis possibly by modulating the polarization of synovial macrophages through the JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways.

The Orthogonal neighborhood preserving embedding（ ONPE） is an unsupervised feature dimension reduction method and only use global neighborhood parameter,when it is used to high- dimension fault feature for feature dimension reduction,it is incapacity of using sample class label information and adaptive adjust neighborhood parameter while the space distribution of samples changed. Aiming at the problems above,a fault identification method based on improved supervised orthogonal neighborhood preserving embedding（ IS-ONPE） for feature dimension reduction is proposed. In IS- ONPE,the distance between different points is adjusted by utilizing class label information,thereby a new distance matrix is formed and the neighborhood is constructed through this new distance matrix,at the same time,the neighborhood parameter are adaptive adjusted according to local cluster coefficient. With the low- dimensional feature as inputs of support vector machine（ SVM） for identifying fault types. The experiment results of gear fault identification indicate that the proposed method can identification gear fault in high accuracy,it has some superiority.

The accurate and efficient detection of printed circuit board (PCB) surface defects is crucial to the electronic information manufacturing industry. However, current approaches to PCB defect detection face challenges, including large model sizes and difficulties in balancing detection accuracy with speed. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel PCB surface defect detection algorithm, named DVCW-YOLO. First, all standard convolutions in the backbone and neck networks of YOLOv8n are replaced with lightweight DWConv convolutions. In addition, a self-designed C2fCBAM module is introduced to the backbone network for extracting features. Next, within the neck structure, the C2f module is substituted with the more lightweight VOVGSCSP module, thereby reducing model redundancy, simplifying model complexity, and enhancing detection speed. By enhancing prominent features and suppressing less important ones, this modification allows the model to better focus on key regions, thereby improving feature representation capabilities. Finally, the WIoU loss function is implemented to replace the traditional CIoU function in YOLOv8n. This adjustment addresses issues related to low generalization and poor detection performance for small objects or complex backgrounds, while also mitigating the impact of low-quality or extreme samples on model accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the DVCW-YOLO model achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 99.3% and a detection speed of 43.3 frames per second (FPS), which represent improvements of 4% and 4.08%, respectively, over the YOLOv8n model. These results confirm that the proposed model meets the real-time PCB defect detection requirements of small and medium-sized enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of intrinsic capacity (IC) subtypes and their distinct impacts on age-related outcomes remain unexplored. This study sought to investigate IC impairment trajectories across domains and their associations with the risk of age-related outcomes, including falls, functional limitations, reduced quality of life (QoL) and mortality at 4- and 8-year follow-ups. The study sample comprised 1,782 older adults residing in the community from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TLSA). Utilizing group-based multitrajectory modeling, distinct subtypes of IC decline trajectories across various domains were identified. Cox proportional hazard models and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the associations between the identified subtypes and age-related outcomes. We identified four subtypes of IC decline: robust with mild decline (n=902), hearing loss with cognitive decline (n=197), physio-cognitive decline (PCD) with depression (n=373), and severe IC decline (n=310). Over the 4-year study period, compared to the robust with mild decline group, hearing loss with cognitive decline group exhibited a significantly higher risk of diminished QoL (OR=2.53 [1.66-3.86], p<0.01), whereas those in the PCD with depression group experienced an elevated risk of falls (OR=1.62 [1.18-2.23], p<0.01), as well as functional limitation (OR=2.61 [1.81-3.75], p<.01). Individuals in the severe IC decline group faced a substantially increased risk of all outcomes of interest. Distinct subtypes of IC decline across different domains have varying impacts on age-related outcomes, highlighting the need for a personalized approach to promote healthy ageing at the population level, while further investigation into specific pathophysiological mechanisms is warranted as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound has a long history as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), whose intensity is below 300 mW/cm2, has been widely used in orthopedic rehabilitation treatment. However, the detailed bioeffects and underlying mechanisms of LIPUS treatment need to be explored. OBJECTIVE: To make a comprehensive view of the field, bibliometric and visualization analysis was used to reveal the global research trends of LIPUS in orthopedics and rehabilitation treatment between 1994 and 2023. METHODS: All literature data on LIPUS were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were applied for the bibliometric and visualization analysis. RESULTS: A total of 760 publications were included. The distribution of publications generally showed an unstable rising trend. China had the highest number of publications (28.0%), and Chong Qing Medical University was the organization with the highest number of publications (5.8%). Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology had the highest number of publications (8.8%), while BMJ-British Medical Journal had the highest impact factor among the retrieved journals. Ling Qin from the Chinese University of Hong Kong was the most active researcher. Our overlay visualization map showed that the keywords such as pain, knee osteoarthritis, apoptosis, chondrocytes, cartilage, and autophagy, which link to osteoarthritis, have becoming the new research trends and hotspots. CONCLUSION: LIPUS is a popular and increasingly important area of orthopedic rehabilitation, and collaboration of authors from different countries should be further strengthened. Predictably, clinical application of LIPUS on chronic inflammation-related diseases and regenerative medicine, and in-depth biological mechanisms are the orientations of LIPUS in orthopedic rehabilitation treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]