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Objectives: Sphenomaxillary plate (SMP) is an inconstant bony septum separating the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses. Neglecting the SMP during endoscopic sinus surgery may lead to mistaking the sphenoid sinus for the posterior ethmoid cell with potentially dangerous consequences. However, its proper identification may allow planned sphenoidotomy through the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus or to enlarge transnasal or transethmoidal sphenoidotomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate (1) the incidence and morphology of the SMP and (2) possibility and safety of trans-SMP sphenoidotomy. Methods: In the radioanatomical part of the study multiplanar reconstruction analysis of 117 consecutive paranasal sinus CT scans was conducted. In the clinical part of the research, trans-SMP sphenoidotomy was performed in consecutive patients operated on for chronic rhinosinusitis. Results: The SMP was found in 25% of sides (34% of patients). It was constantly located superolateral to the posterior insertion of the middle turbinate. The SMP formed the prominence on the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus that could be identified using volume rendering in 11% of sides (19% of patients). 30 trans-SMP sphenoidotomies were performed in 18 patients. The SMP prominence was identified in 15 sides. In absence of SMP prominence, identification of the SMP was still possible using other anatomical landmarks. Conclusions: The SMP is present in over 30% Caucasian subjects at least on one side. Sphenoidotomy through the SMP is feasible and safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Otorhinolaryngological Review / Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny (Index Copernicus) is the property of Index Copernicus International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: It is generally acknowledged that the posterior ethmoidal cells drain under the superior nasal turbinate (SorNT) or, rarely, under the supreme nasal turbinate (SmeNT), and the sphenoid ostium (SO) opens to the sphenoethmoidal recess. However, detailed relations between these structures are variable, complex and still not clear. There is no reliable data on the prevalence of SmeNT and drainage of the posterior ethmoidal cells under this structure. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the anatomy of the aforementioned region.Materials and Methods: Multiplanar and three-dimensional reconstruction analysis of 100 thin slice paranasal sinus computed tomography scans.Results: SmeNT was identified in 77 subjects (136 sides). It formed the ostium to the posterior ethmoidal cell adjacent to the skull base or orbit in 58 subjects (91 sides). This cell drained independently from the remaining posterior ethmoidal cells. The sphenoethmoidal (Onodi) cell drained to supreme meatus in 41 subjects (54 sides), and to superior meatus in 37 subjects (49 sides). SO was always located medial to the posteroinferior attachment of SmeNT, or SorNT (in absence of SmeNT).Conclusions: Patients with divergent drainage of the posterior ethmoids (with posterior ethmoidal cell draining to the supreme meatus) may require more extensive surgery to avoid persistence or recurrence of inflammatory disease. SmeNT is more common than thought, but due to its posterior and superior location to SorNT, it is rarely seen intraoperatively. If SmeNT is present, SO is always located medial to its posteroinferior attachment. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 1: 110-115). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wprowadzenie. Elektrokochleografia (ECochG) jest elektrofizjologiczną metodą rejestracji potencjałów generowanych na poziomie ucha wewnętrznego, dedykowaną ocenie funkcji ślimaka oraz początkowego odcinka nerwu słuchowego. Cel pracy. Ocena morfologii zapisów ECochG uzyskiwanych dla różnej częstości prezentacji bodźca u pacjentów z osłoniakami przedsionkowymi. Materiał i metody. Przeanalizowano zapisy badań ECochG transtympanalnej wykonanych u 32 pacjentów w wieku 24-52 lat ze zdiagnozowanymi radiologicznie osłoniakami przedsionkowymi. Grupę kontrolną stanowiły wyniki uzyskane z ucha zdrowego u 13 pacjentów. Odpowiedzi ECochG rejestrowano dla częstości podawania bodźca: 7,1/s, 21,1/s i 49,9/s. Analizie poddano: amplitudę i latencję potencjału czynnościowego (CAP), amplitudę potencjału sumacyjnego (SP) oraz współczynnik amplitud SP/CAP. Wyniki. Zaobserwowano, proporcjonalne do wielkości guza, wydłużenie latencji CAP oraz spadek jego amplitudy, mogące świadczyć o zaburzeniach procesów synchronicznych depolaryzacji włókien nerwowych. Stwierdzono także zmiany wartości stosunku SP/CAP, co wobec względnie stałych wartości SP, związane jest ze spadkiem amplitudy CAP. Wnioski. Ocena morfologiczna zapisów ECochG z zastosowaniem różnej częstości prezentacji bodźca może dostarczyć dodatkowych cennych informacji o stanie ślimaka i dystalnej części nerwu słuchowego u chorych z małymi osłoniakami przedsionkowymi. Introduction. Electrocochleography is an electrophysiological method of recording potentials generated in the inner ear dedicated to evaluation of cochlear function and the distal portion of the auditory nerve. Aim. Morphology assessment of EcochG records obtained at different stimulus rates in patients with vestibular schwannoma. Material and methods. EcochG records obtained from 32 patients aged 24-52 with radiologically diagnosed vestibular schwannoma were analysed. The control group consisted of 13 results achieved from healthy ears (opposite to the tumour). Electrocochleography was obtained at stimulus rates ranging from 7.1/s, 21.1/s and 49.9/s. The results comprising Amplitude and latency of the Compound Action Potential (CAP), amplitude of Summating Potential (SP) and the ratio of SP to the amplitude of CAP (SP/CAP ratio) were then analyzed statistically. Results. Proportional tumor size CAP latency prolongation as well as the amplitude decrease were observed, which reflects the disorder of synchronous depolarization processes of the nerve fibers. The observed changes in SP/CAP ratio depended mostly on CAP amplitude reduction with relatively stable amplitude of the SP. Conclusions. Transtympanic electrocochleography assessment obtained at different stimulus rates is a useful method providing information about peripheral processes in the hearing system and about a degree of hearing organ damage in patients with minor vestibular schwannoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Severe mental illnesses have far-reaching consequences for both patients and their relatives. This paper reviews literature on the measures of caregiving consequences. Authors provide a condensed knowledge and research results in the area of caregiving consequences, especially both subjective and objective caregivers' burden. The consequences of care apply to carers' social and leisure activities, financial status, health condition. The burden of care has three fundamental causes: the reorganisation of mental health services, a social isolation of patients and their families and the lack of systemic support for caregivers. The problem of caregiving consequences has been investigated in several studies. In order to identify factors, which have impact on caregiver distress, a variety instruments have been developed. This paper focuses on questionnaires useful for the systematic assessment of both objective and subjective burden: Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ), Perceived Family Burden Scale (PFBS), Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS), Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI), Family Problems Questionnaire (FPQ). The mentioned instruments proved to be a reliable instrument for measuring caregiver consequences in mental healthcare.