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Plant taxonomy includes the identification, description, and classification of plants at the level of species or other taxa. This study aims to analyze the views of university teachers on plant taxonomy and its teaching, the causes of the shortage of plant taxonomists, and the challenges encountered by students in learning plant taxonomy. University teachers in Morocco (n = 24) responded to a survey consisting of fixed and open-ended questions. The data was analyzed by inductive and deductive content analysis. The results showed that all university teachers considered a taxonomist as a scientist and plant taxonomy as a dynamic and highly scientific, and descriptive discipline. They stated that the taxonomist community is in crisis because of the shortage of plant taxonomists and the decrease in the quality of training provided at the university. The biggest challenges in learning plant taxonomy were the prevalence of traditional teacher-centered methods, the inadequacy of time and didactic resources spent on teaching, and the Latin nomenclature. The difficulties associated with the concept of evolution and the diversity of classifications were also mentioned. The angiosperm group was the most difficult for students to understand. Furthermore, this research shows that the financial, human, institutional, pedagogical, and didactic resources for the teaching of plant taxonomy are insufficient and do not allow for the use of teaching methods supporting learning. How to plant taxonomy is taught is important, and when it is considered difficult, it can lead to a reluctance to study plant species and be one of the reasons for the decline in plant taxonomists in Morocco. Consequently, this issue can negatively affect the preservation and conservation of local flora.

In addition to identifying the pedagogical approaches favoured by teachers in environmental education, the study aims to reveal the impact of the teaching methods and tools used as well as the teaching difficulties encountered on the effectiveness of teachers’ pedagogical action, particularly in the “Scientific Awakening” course. The study concerns a sample of 636 primary school teachers from the urban and rural areas of the Fez-Meknes Regional Academy of Education in Morocco. The data was collected using a 37-item questionnaire covering the following variables: the teaching methods adopted, the preferred pedagogical approaches, the teaching material used, and the teaching difficulties encountered. The study fits under a descriptive correlational design. The most used teaching methods were the teacher-centred oral methods (dialogue and demonstration method) lacking learner-centred activities (working in small groups, discovery method). The least used ones were laboratory experiments and ICT-based demonstrations. The study shows that teachers who use active methods are the most aware of difficulties in teaching environmental issues and were the most capable of effectively solving learning problems and achieving pedagogical objectives. The study shows that Moroccan primary school teachers need in-service training for the adoption of a systemic and interdisciplinary pedagogical approach. In addition, to address the issue of the alarming failure to complete the “Scientific Awakening” program, we recommend continuous training for the benefit of teachers. This training should cover the appropriate active methods to effectively complete this program. Finally, the study underlined the need to solve the problem of the enormous lack of teaching tools. Certainly, this shortage significantly influences the pedagogical action of teachers regardless of the pedagogical methods adopted.