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2. THE GLAM AIRBORNE CAMPAIGN ACROSS THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN

Author

Ricaud, Philippe, Zbinden, Régina, Catoire, Valéry, Brocchi, Vanessa, Dulac, François, Hamonou, Eric, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, El Amraoui, Laaziz, Massart, Sébastien, Piguet, Bruno, Dayan, Uri, Nabat, Pierre, Sciare, Jean, Ramonet, Michel, Delmotte, Marc, di Sarra, Alcide, Sferlazzo, Damiano, di Iorio, Tatiana, Piacentino, Salvatore, Cristofanelli, Paolo, Mihalopoulos, Nikos, Kouvarakis, Giorgos, Pikridas, Michael, Savvides, Chrysanthos, Mamouri, Rodanthi-Elisavet, Nisantzi, Argyro, Hadjimitsis, Diofantos, Attié, Jean-Luc, Ferré, Hélène, Kangah, Yannick, Jaidan, Nizar, Guth, Jonathan, Jacquet, Patrick, Chevrier, Stéphane, Robert, Claude, Bourdon, Aurélien, Bourdinot, Jean-François, Etienne, Jean-Claude, Krysztofiak, Gisèle, and Theron, Pierre

Published
2018

4. Global carbonyl sulfide (OCS) measured by MIPAS/Envisat during 2002–2012

Author

Glatthor, Norbert, primary, Höpfner, Michael, additional, Leyser, Adrian, additional, Stiller, Gabriele P., additional, von Clarmann, Thomas, additional, Grabowski, Udo, additional, Kellmann, Sylvia, additional, Linden, Andrea, additional, Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin, additional, Krysztofiak, Gisele, additional, and Walker, Kaley A., additional

Published
2016
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5. Global carbonyl sulfide (OCS) measured by MIPAS/Envisat during 2002-2012.

Author

Glatthor, Norbert, Höpfner, Michael, Leyser, Adrian, Stiller, Gabriele P., von Clarmann, Thomas, Grabowski, Udo, Kellmann, Sylvia, Linden, Andrea, Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin, Krysztofiak, Gisele, and Walker, Kaley A.

Abstract

We present a global OCS data set covering the period June 2002 to April 2012, derived from FTIR limb emission spectra measured with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on the ENVISAT satellite. The vertical resolution is 4-5 km in the height region 6-15 km and 15 km at 40 km altitude. The total estimated error amounts to 40-50 pptv between 10 and 20 km and to 120 pptv at 40 km altitude. MIPAS OCS data show no systematic bias with respect to balloon observations, with deviations mostly below ±50 pptv. However, they are systematically higher than the OCS volume mixing ratios of the ACE-FTS instrument on SCISAT, with maximum deviations of up to 100 pptv in the altitude region 13-16 km. The data set of MIPAS OCS exhibits only moderate interannual variations and low interhemispheric differences. Average concentrations at 10 km altitude range from 480 pptv at high latitudes to 500-510 pptv in the tropics and at northern mid-latitudes. Seasonal variations at 10 km altitude amount up to 35 pptv in the northern and up to 15 pptv in the southern hemisphere. Northern hemispheric OCS abundances at 10 km altitude peak in June in the tropics and around October at high latitudes, while the respective southern hemispheric maxima were observed in July and in November. Global OCS distributions at 250 hPa (~ 10-11 km) show enhanced values at low latitudes, peaking during boreal summer above the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean, which indicates oceanic release. Further, a region of depleted OCS amounts extending from Brazil to central and southern Africa was detected at this altitude, which is most pronounced in austral summer. This depletion is related to seasonally varying vegetative uptake by the tropical forests. Typical signatures of biomass burning like the southern hemispheric biomass burning plume are not visible in MIPAS data, indicating that this process is only a minor source of tropospheric OCS. At the 150 hPa level (~ 13-14 km) enhanced amounts of OCS were also observed inside the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone, but this enhancement is not especially outstanding as compared to other low latitude regions at the same altitude. At the 80 hPa level (~ 17-18 km) equatorward transport of mid-latitude air masses containing lower OCS amounts around the summertime anticyclones was observed. A significant trend could not be detected in tropospheric MIPAS OCS amounts, which points to globally balanced sources and sinks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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6. Brominated VSLS and their influence on ozone under a changing climate

Author

Falk, Stefanie, Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin, Krysztofiak, Gisele, Jökel, Patrick, Graf, Phoebe, and Lennartz, Sinikka T.

Subjects
13. Climate action
Abstract

Very short-lived substances (VSLS) contribute as source gases significantly to the tropospheric and stratospheric bromine loading. At present, an estimated 25 % of stratospheric bromine is of oceanic origin. In this study, we investigate how climate change may impact the ocean–atmosphere flux of brominated VSLS, their atmospheric transport, and chemical transformations and evaluate how these changes will affect stratospheric ozone over the 21st century. Under the assumption of fixed ocean water concentrations and RCP6.0 scenario, we find an increase of the ocean–atmosphere flux of brominated VSLS of about 8–10 % by the end of the 21st century compared to present day. A decrease in the tropospheric mixing ratios of VSLS and an increase in the lower stratosphere are attributed to changes in atmospheric chemistry and transport. Our model simulations reveal that this increase is counteracted by a corresponding reduction of inorganic bromine. Therefore the total amount of bromine from VSLS in the stratosphere will not be changed by an increase in upwelling. Part of the increase of VSLS in the tropical lower stratosphere results from an increase in the corresponding tropopause height. As the depletion of stratospheric ozone due to bromine depends also on the availability of chlorine, we find the impact of bromine on stratospheric ozone at the end of the 21st century reduced compared to present day. Thus, these studies highlight the different factors influencing the role of brominated VSLS in a future climate.

7. Brominated VSLS and their influence on ozone under a changing climate

Author

Falk, Stefanie, Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin, Krysztofiak, Gisele, Jökel, Patrick, Graf, Phoebe, and Lennartz, Sinikka T.

Subjects
13. Climate action
Abstract

Very short-lived substances (VSLS) contribute as source gases significantly to the tropospheric and stratospheric bromine loading. At present, an estimated 25 % of stratospheric bromine is of oceanic origin. In this study, we investigate how climate change may impact the ocean–atmosphere flux of brominated VSLS, their atmospheric transport, and chemical transformations and evaluate how these changes will affect stratospheric ozone over the 21st century. Under the assumption of fixed ocean water concentrations and RCP6.0 scenario, we find an increase of the ocean–atmosphere flux of brominated VSLS of about 8–10 % by the end of the 21st century compared to present day. A decrease in the tropospheric mixing ratios of VSLS and an increase in the lower stratosphere are attributed to changes in atmospheric chemistry and transport. Our model simulations reveal that this increase is counteracted by a corresponding reduction of inorganic bromine. Therefore the total amount of bromine from VSLS in the stratosphere will not be changed by an increase in upwelling. Part of the increase of VSLS in the tropical lower stratosphere results from an increase in the corresponding tropopause height. As the depletion of stratospheric ozone due to bromine depends also on the availability of chlorine, we find the impact of bromine on stratospheric ozone at the end of the 21st century reduced compared to present day. Thus, these studies highlight the different factors influencing the role of brominated VSLS in a future climate.

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