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Prevention and treatment of arterial hypertension is of great importance. Improvement of existing medicines through the use of alternative routes of administration can enhance the pharmacotherapeutic characteristics of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS) allow for delivery of a drug through intact skin into the systemic circulation, while minimizing side effects. The development of transdermal formulations of antihypertensive drugs, Lisinopril dihydrate in particular, has practical and scientific significance. Optimization of the algorithm for the development of transdermal drugs involves in vitro preformulation studies of the membrane permeability of APIs and the identification of factors that affect this process.

The aim of the study was to analyze the problem of constructing and interpreting human pedigrees, which include some signs that are easily detected during a clinical examination and the collection of primary history. Materials and methods. 2 pedigrees from own sources and 2 pedigrees of famous people from literary sources are presented. They serve as the examples of using the provided data for further medical and genealogical analysis. Results and discussion. The results indicate that pedigree analysis is a primary and informationally important tool for the further algorithm of diagnosis and treatment of subjects. The effect of the quantity, quality and testing level of the presented genealogical information for a full pedigree analysis and the use of its possibilities is demonstrated. Pedigree analysis demonstrated that the number of absolute units of quantitative information presented (total number of generations and members of the pedigree) and absolute units of qualitative information (traits/medical conditions listed and their level of detail) may not be associated with the value of genetic conclusions. It has been shown that the largest number of members in a generation is usually represented for the generation of the propositus. Thus, smaller pedigrees, where more units of information are represented per member, can be of greater value for genetic conclusions. An analysis of one's own pedigrees showed that, on average, less than one trait can be represented per person in the pedigree. Additionally, small pedigrees with available molecular genetic data may be of greatest value, even retrospectively. Conclusions. It is shown that pedigrees can represent valuable primary information for clinicians regarding the further algorithm of the subject dealing and serve as a tool for the scientific thinking development in the educational process [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Тhe article presents the theoretical justification for the choice of active pharmaceutical ingredients of antihypertensive action for the creation of new forms of delivery – transdermal therapeutic systems. The aim: monitoring of studies on the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the development of transdermal drugs for the treatment of hypertension. Materials: open access electronic resources of scientific periodicals from around the world: Google Scholar (https:// scholar.google.com/); PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/); Sciencedirect (https://www.sciencedirect.com/); Pubchem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/); National Library of Ukraine named after V. I. Vernadskyi (http:// www.nbuv.gov.ua/); Ukrainian Institute of Intellectual Property (Ukrpatent) (https://sis.ukrpatent.org/uk/); Industrial Property (https://base.uipv.org/searchBul/); USPTO. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (https://www. uspto.gov/patents/search); European Patent Office (EPO) (https://www.epo.org/). Methods of the research: information search, theoretical analysis and systematization of data from scientific sources, logical analysis. Results: a review of scientific sources was carried out, and an analysis of ACE inhibitors as candidates for the creation of transdermal forms for the treatment of arterial hypertension was carried out. The pharmacological and physicochemical aspects of the possibility of their use for introduction through the skin are defined. It has been established that the search and development of the latest means of treatment of arterial hypertension, which would significantly increase the duration and quality of life of patients, are extremely relevant. Transdermal drug delivery systems are one of the pharmaceutical products being developed on the world market, and their use allows overcoming the associated disadvantages of other delivery routes. Conclusions: the review of domestic and foreign literature confirmed the relevance of biopharmaceutical research in the field of development of innovative dosage forms – transdermal therapeutic systems for the treatment of hypertension. The choice of promising antihypertensive active pharmaceutical ingredients of the ACE group (enalapril maleate, lisinopril dihydrate, and captopril) is substantiated, taking into account their specific physicochemical properties that are suitable for penetration through the skin. The market for transdermal drug delivery is increasing, and there is a prospect of higher growth rates in this market in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]