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We present the results of the simulation of a quantum neural network based on quantum dots using numerical method of path integral calculation. In the proposed implementation of the quantum neural network using an array of single-electron quantum dots with dipole-dipole interaction, the coherence is shown to survive up to 0.1 nanosecond in time and up to the liquid nitrogen temperature of 77K.We study the quantum correlations between the quantum dots by means of calculation of the entanglement of formation in a pair of quantum dots on the GaAs based substrate with dot size of 100 ÷ 101 nanometer and interdot distance of 101 ÷ 102 nanometers order.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of associated mental disorders in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)., Material and Methods: Twenty-seven patients (9 men and 18 women, mean age 59.8±11.9 years) with the upper and lower motor neuron lesions were studied. The average duration of the disease at the time of examination was 3.2±2.4 years. Clinical psychopathological and follow-up methods were used. The severity of cognitive impairment was measured with the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS). The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used to assess the severity of depression., Results: Most patients (88.9%) had cognitive impairments. Amnestic disorders were primarily presented by hypo- and dysmnesia. These patients showed slow thinking, torpidity combined with circumstantiality and a tendency to detail. In addition to attentional fluctuations, we observed reduced attentional capacity, higher distractibility, and difficulty concentrating. The later stages of the disease were accompanied by the overall decline of thinking ability and intelligence with severe perseverations, and failure in the adequate self-assessment. More than half of the patients also developed the symptoms, such as dynamic aphasia, as well as functional speech disorders, i.e. gnosis and praxis. The vast majority of the patients had affective disorders (92.3%). So far as the symptoms of the underlying neurological condition worsened, the associated depressive symptoms prevailed (62.9%). Particular attention should be given to the clinical cases of ALS associated with psychotic disorders such as acute schizophrenia-like psychotic disorders., Conclusion: Presence of affective, cognitive and behavioral disorders, as well as a specific neuroimaging pattern, are considered as a whole as the manifestation of the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This provides support for the current opinion suggesting the similarity of ALS and FTD, which allows for considering these diseases as different phenotypic manifestations of a single pathological process.

Based on a clinical case, the authors consider the problem of the optimal choice of an antidepressant, taking into account not only the psychopathological structure of depression, the severity and characteristics of its triad, but also the presence of somatic symptoms. This determines the need for a comprehensive analysis of the pharmacological profile of prescribed antidepressants, their psychotropic and somatotropic effects. The switch of the patient to brintellix, which has polymodal neuroreceptor activity, at a dose of 20 mg per day, made it possible to achieve remission and reduce adverse reactions caused by SSRIs.

Objective: To establish the psychopathological characteristics of depersonalization disorders in patients with depressive states of varying severity and nosological affiliation., Material and Methods: Fifty-five patients (39 women, mean age 36.89±12.9 years and 16 men, mean age 37.11±13.7 years) were studied using a psychopathological method and psychometric scales., Results: There is a certain syntropy between the various variants of depressive and depersonalization disorders. Depersonalization of change, the mildest variant of the disorder of self-consciousness, is observed both in so-called endogenous affective disorders (phases of recurrent depressive disorder (DDR) and bipolar affective disorder (BAR)), and in predominantly psychogenic depressive disorders (impaired adaptation). Depersonalization of loss is characteristic of the more severe phases of DDR and BAR, as well as periods of exacerbation of dysthymia., Conclusion: The synergism between depressive affect and depersonalization disorders determines the choice of therapeutic tactics.

We have determined the magnetic structures of GdCuSn, GdAgSn and GdAuSn using a combination of [Formula: see text]Gd Mössbauer spectroscopy and neutron powder diffraction. Each compound shows the same antiferromagnetic ordering of the Gd sublattice. The magnetic cell is doubled along the crystallographic a-axis (propagation vector [Formula: see text]) with the moments aligned along the hexagonal c-axis, forming alternating ferromagnetic sheets of up/down Gd moments along the a-axis.

The structural organization of cell membranes, the functional status of specific membrane reception and the body's autonomic provision (BAP) were studied in 248 children with primary forms of respiratory tuberculosis. There were BAP dysfunctions due to the predominance of sympathoadrenal mechanisms and to the increased overall tension of adaptive reactions in ill children during an active tuberculous process. In parallel, there were changes in the structural and functional organization of cellular membranes due to the impairments in the content of some fractions of phospholipids, as well as to the tropic capacity of specific membrane reception to the transmitters of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of ANS and to insulin. There are also clear relationships between the changes of the structural and functional organization of cell membranes and the functional activity of the leading mechanisms of VAP.

The investigations done showed that autoflora migrates from the intestinal reservoir into different organs and tissues passing through the injured surface, urinary tracts. Injury to the tissue structures results in derangement of the mechanisms of transmembranous transport, sedimentation of autoflora in the focal lesions, with the ensuing clinical manifestation of the illness being readily recordable. Location of the focal lesion, share that the autoflora has in the inflammatory reaction of the macroorganism, is most important stage-removing the injured tissues and subsequent regeneration. It is the immune system that controls this process.

The clinical peculiarities as well as clinical pathogenetic regularities of the eating behaviour disorders development in 144 patients with neuroses were analysed. In accordance with clinical observations two main types of primary and secondary eating behaviour disorders (anorexia) were picked out. It was determined that eating behaviour pathology in patients with primary anorexia was associated with deep suppression of eating impulse meanwhile in individuals with secondary alterations-with phobia or hypochondriacal disturbances. While the development of general neurotic symptoms was determined by pathogenetic psychotraumatic situations the formation of psychogenic disorders of eating behaviour was promoted by some additional factors exactly premorbid peculiarities of eating behaviour, digestive system's functional insufficiency.

The sympathoadrenal, parasympathetic, and humoral mechanisms of regulation of the autonomic nervous system, as well as the strain and reserve of the adaptive reactions of the body were examined in 57 pregnant women with chronic inflammations of the genitals and their newborns in the early neonatal period. The sympathoadrenal autonomic regulation predominated in pregnant women, whereas in the newborns imperfect adaptive restructuring of the body was observed in the early neonatal period.

It is established that active pyelonephritis and operative stress are accompanied with structural and functional changes in erythrocytic membranes: cholesterol and its ethers rose in quantity as well as difficulty oxidized phospholipids, cation adenosine triphosphatase activity changed. Being nonspecific, these changes seemed more pronounced in the active phase of chronic pyelonephritis. Minor structural rearrangement of membrane lipids in surgical patients indicated uneventful postoperative period. It is suggested that bacterial inflammation in the kidneys and urinary tracts may be related to the above shifts. The adjuvant use of dimephosphone produced a clear-cut membrane-stabilizing effect clinically reflected by reduced inflammation and improved renal function.

The authors studied the mechanisms of bacterial dissemination in operative wounds in patients after various surgical interventions. It was demonstrated in experiments that during adaptation of the organism to the operative stress, autobacteria enter the blood from the intestinal reservoir and are eliminated through the urinary tract and wound surfaces, if foci of mechanical or toxic destruction exist the autobacteria precipitate in the affected tissues and participate directly in the reparative processes. On the basis of the obtained data it is suggested that the phenomenon of activation and persistence of endogenous microflora exists as one of the syndromes of adaptation of man to the aggression factor, which is aimed at revealing and removing the foci of tissue destruction developing as the result of exposure to the effect of the stress.

The analysis has been performed of the mechanisms underlying the origin of asymptomatic bacteriuria as an adaptive reaction in response to surgical aggression. The experiments proved penetration of autobacteria from the intestine to blood channel and organic structures of the animals in the course of adaptation to an operative trauma and consequent elimination of the bacteria from the body. It was observed that endogenic microflora participates in regeneration of macroorganism structures which have lost their morphofunctional integrity due to mechanic and toxic aggression. It is suggested that activation and persistence of endogenic microflora may arise to identify and abolish foci of aseptic destruction during the aggression in adaptation to stress.

To study formation of the internal picture of coronary heart disease (CHD), 116 patients with schizophrenia and manic depressive psychosis who suffered angina pectoris attacks and myocardial infarction were followed up. The control group was made up of 106 CHD patients treated at the cardiological hospitals. Of these, 88.6% manifested borderline neuropsychic disorders due to the underlying heart disease. It has been established, that in patients suffering from psychoses, the hyponosognosic and anosognosic types of CHD survival (79.3% of cases) prevailed as compared to the control group (4.8% of cases). Unlike the control group patients, in patients with endogenous psychoses, the psychological and social factors lose their crucial importance in formation of the internal picture of CHD. Correct assessment of interrelations between the mental and somatic disease may contribute to improvement of the diagnosis and treatment of CHD as well as to the carrying out of rehabilitation measures.

The authors analyze the status of cationic transmembranous transport in leukocytes in patients with chronic secondary pyelonephritis (CPN) as related to the clinical manifestations of pathology and immune response. 117 patients with CPN were examined. In 58 patients, pyelonephritis was associated with nephrolithiasis, in 59 with different abnormalities of the kidneys and urinary tract. The immunity status was examined according to the content of IgA, IgG, IgM, T and B lymphocytes, complement (CH50), the phagocytic neutrophil test and secretory IgA in the urine. In white blood cells, a study was made of the activity of Mg(2+)-, Na(+)-K(+)-, Ca(2+)-ATPases. As a result of the studies the patients were found to have low functional activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase during the clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis. Analysis of the frequency of enzymatic activity values showed their nonuniformity. In some patients, it was lowered (less than X--1), whereas in others, it appeared increased (over X+1). Patients with an enzymatic activity below X--1 manifested a decrease of the content of IgA, IgG, IgM, T and B lymphocytes, and of phagocytic activity of neutrophils as compared to patients exhibiting a high enzymatic activity. The conclusion is made about the relationship between enzymatic function and immune response. It is recommended that drugs possessing membrane-protective and reparative pharmacological effects be included into multimodality therapy.

The paper examines the relationship between the clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis and the functional activity of enzymes of cation transmembrane erythrocyte transport (Mg(2+)-, N(+)-K(+)-, Ca(2+)-ATPases). An individual analysis ascertained that the patients who showed a low Ca(2+)-ATPase activity had marked signs of inflammation in the body, as evidenced by ESR, seromucoid and fibrinogen concentrations. These patients had more significantly depressed immune defense mechanisms as reflected by the levels of immunoglobulins, T-lymphocytes, complement, the neutrophil phagocytosis, and urinary IgA concentrations). Variations were also found in examining the excretion of a number of metabolites. There was a substantial decrease in urea, creatinine, titrated acid, phosphorus excretions in patients with deficient Ca(2+)-ATPase activity than in those with its high activity. It was concluded that there was a relationship between some clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis and the functional activity of enzymes of cation transmembrane transport. To treat metabolic disorders, membrane-protective agents are recommended to include into combined therapy.

A study was made of phospholipid metabolism in 268 children aged 1 month to 3 years, who were in a critical condition consequent on acute complicated pneumonia. Unbalance of that type metabolism was revealed. It consisted in intensive accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin in the stroma of red blood cells and in a decrease of their pool in the blood plasma as well as in a reduction of the content of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine towards the plasma pool. The bronchial secretion was established to have an elevated content of malonic dialdehyde, diene conjugates and active phospholipases. The indicated membrane destabilizing processes occurring in patients with acute complicated pneumonia, who are in urgent conditions, dictate the necessity of including antioxidants and membrane stabilizers into the multimodality treatment of the disease.

Based on a study of the function of the enzymes participating in red blood cell transmembrane transport (K+, Na+ATPase, Mg2(+)-ATPase and Ca2(+)-ATPase) in the newborn with pneumonias it was established that there was a decrease in the activity of the enzymes at the height of the clinical manifestations of disease, especially in septic pneumonias. The changes discovered were in agreement with the disease gravity and the intensity of certain clinical symptoms and depended as well on the initial vegetative tone. The activity of the membrane enzymes also depended on the changes in the physicochemical constants of cellular membranes, namely on red blood cell deformability and the phospholipid ratio. The results of the studies demonstrate that the use of the drugs favouring the improvement of reparative functions of cellular membranes and inhibiting the transmembrane calcium flow is advisable in the newborn as part of multimodality treatment.

It has been found that a most important mechanism underlying the development of various pathological conditions in the organism of neonates with perinatal hypoxic lesions of the central nervous system is the structural and functional disorganization of the cell membranes. This is associated with activation of lipid peroxidation, effect of lysosomal enzymes, and impairment of antioxidative defense. As a result, the membrane content of most important lipids is changed, their degenerative forms appear, lipoperoxides accumulate, and the activity of the membrane enzymes is inhibited. The obtained evidence serves the basis for a wide-scale application of the membranotrophic therapy for hypoxic CNS lesions in the neonates.

A single taking by children of eggs' white in an amount of 2 g/kg of the body weight resulted in that the blood plasma experienced a decline in the relative content of phosphatidylserine, lecithin and a rise in the level of phosphatidylethanolamine. In the membranes of erythrocytes there occurred a rise in the proportion of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and a fall of the share of lecithin and sphyngomyelin. In the composition of beta-lipoproteins the level of phosphatidylethanolamine was up with a marked drop of phosphatidylserine. Variations in the content of sphyngomyelin and lecithin showed no characteristic features.

Mental state was assessed in 205 recipients of implanted cardiac pacemakers. Evaluation and classification of relevant disorders manifesting in the nearest and late postsurgical period are presented. Biological and social-psychological factors are discussed which promote mental disorders. The necessity in psychiatric consultation in medical units treating and supervising the recipients of implanted cardiac pacemakers is stressed.

The authors determined the levels of lipoperoxides and activities of endogenic phospholipases in red cell membranes and cerebrospinal fluid in 101 patients with ischemic and 35 patients with hemorrhagic strokes. The authors established increases in the activities of endogenic phospholipases and of processes of peroxidation of membrane lipids which correlated with the severity and outcome of cerebral strokes. It has been proved that the parameters of activity of membrane destructive processes may serve as criteria characterizing the severity and predicting the outcome of acute cerebral circulation impairments.

Children with febril and epileptic convulsion during different periods of the disease demonstrate changes in the correlation of phospholipids in the blood plasma. These changes are mainly of a general character and do not depend upon the genesis of convulsions. The largest differences were seen in the lysolecithine level. These data probably indicate to a certain qualitative basis in the phospholipid metabolism in children with this pathology or may be related to a retardation in the formation of the structure of phospholipid metabolism.

Altogether 101 patients with various forms of cerebral circulation disorders have been examined for the red cell membrane status. The levels of diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, Schiff's bases in the red cell membranes, blood viscosity, and red cell mechanical instability and deformability time have been under study. The findings evidence a relationship between the cellular membrane structural and functional disarrangement and the disease severity. Assessment of the aforesaid characteristics may become an important criterion in the diagnosis and prognosis of such diseases.

The criteria of the effectiveness of preparations possessing the antioxidative and membrane reparative properties in 135 patients with different clinical forms of disorders of the cerebral circulation were developed. It was found that the effectiveness of antioxidative and membrane stabilizing drugs in relieving consequences of free radical aggression as compared with traditional means varied and manifested itself in such an order: essenciale----alpha-tocopherol----unithiol. The presented methods of therapy and appropriate drugs may be recommended for the introduction in the complex of therapeutic and rehabilitative measures.