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1. Changing genetic architecture of body mass index from infancy to early adulthood: an individual based pooled analysis of 25 twin cohorts

Author: Silventoinen, K, Li, W, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Yokoyama, Y, Aaltonen, S, Piirtola, M, Sugawara, M, Tanaka, M, Matsumoto, S, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Lichtenstein, P, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Saudino, KJ, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Magnusson, PKE, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Boomsma, D, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Li, W, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Yokoyama, Y, Aaltonen, S, Piirtola, M, Sugawara, M, Tanaka, M, Matsumoto, S, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Lichtenstein, P, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Saudino, KJ, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Magnusson, PKE, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Boomsma, D, Sorensen, TIA, and Kaprio, J
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) shows strong continuity over childhood and adolescence and high childhood BMI is the strongest predictor of adult obesity. Genetic factors strongly contribute to this continuity, but it is still poorly known how their contribution changes over childhood and adolescence. Thus, we used the genetic twin design to estimate the genetic correlations of BMI from infancy to adulthood and compared them to the genetic correlations of height. METHODS: We pooled individual level data from 25 longitudinal twin cohorts including 38,530 complete twin pairs and having 283,766 longitudinal height and weight measures. The data were analyzed using Cholesky decomposition offering genetic and environmental correlations of BMI and height between all age combinations from 1 to 19 years of age. RESULTS: The genetic correlations of BMI and height were stronger than the trait correlations. For BMI, we found that genetic correlations decreased as the age between the assessments increased, a trend that was especially visible from early to middle childhood. In contrast, for height, the genetic correlations were strong between all ages. Age-to-age correlations between environmental factors shared by co-twins were found for BMI in early childhood but disappeared altogether by middle childhood. For height, shared environmental correlations persisted from infancy to adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the genes affecting BMI change over childhood and adolescence leading to decreasing age-to-age genetic correlations. This change is especially visible from early to middle childhood indicating that new genetic factors start to affect BMI in middle childhood. Identifying mediating pathways of these genetic factors can open possibilities for interventions, especially for those children with high genetic predisposition to adult obesity.
Published: 2022

2. Financial strain moderates genetic influences on self-rated health: support for diathesis-stress model of gene-environment interplay

Author: Finkel, D, Zavala, C, Franz, CE, Pahlen, S, Gatz, M, Pedersen, NL, Finch, BK, Aslan, AD, Catts, VS, Ericsson, M, Krueger, RF, Martin, NG, Mohan, A, Mosing, MA, Prescott, CA, Whitfield, KE, Finkel, D, Zavala, C, Franz, CE, Pahlen, S, Gatz, M, Pedersen, NL, Finch, BK, Aslan, AD, Catts, VS, Ericsson, M, Krueger, RF, Martin, NG, Mohan, A, Mosing, MA, Prescott, CA, and Whitfield, KE
Abstract: Data from the Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium were used to examine predictions of different models of gene-by-environment interaction to understand how genetic variance in self-rated health (SRH) varies at different levels of financial strain. A total of 11,359 individuals from 10 twin studies in Australia, Sweden, and the United States contributed relevant data, including 2,074 monozygotic and 2,623 dizygotic twin pairs. Age ranged from 22 to 98 years, with a mean age of 61.05 (SD = 13.24). A factor model was used to create a harmonized measure of financial strain across studies and items. Twin analyses of genetic and environmental variance for SRH incorporating age, age2, sex, and financial strain moderators indicated significant financial strain moderation of genetic influences on self-rated health. Moderation results did not differ across sex or country. Genetic variance for SRH increased as financial strain increased, matching the predictions of the diathesis-stress and social comparison models for components of variance. Under these models, environmental improvements would be expected to reduce genetically based health disparities.
Published: 2022

3. [Not Available].

Author: Krueger, RF, Kotov, R, Watson, D, Forbes, MK, Eaton, NR, Ruggero, CJ, Simms, LJ, Widiger, TA, Achenbach, TM, Bach, B, Bagby, RM, Bornovalova, MA, Carpenter, WT, Chmielewski, M, Cicero, DC, Clark, LA, Conway, C, DeClercq, B, DeYoung, CG, Docherty, AR, Drislane, LE, First, MB, Forbush, KT, Hallquist, M, Haltigan, JD, Hopwood, CJ, Ivanova, MY, Jonas, KG, Latzman, RD, Markon, KE, Miller, JD, Morey, LC, Mullins-Sweatt, SN, Ormel, J, Patalay, P, Patrick, CJ, Pincus, AL, Regier, DA, Reininghaus, U, Rescorla, LA, Samuel, DB, Sellbom, M, Shackman, AJ, Skodol, A, Slade, T, South, SC, Sunderland, M, Tackett, JL, Venables, NC, Waldman, ID, Waszczuk, MA, Waugh, MH, Wright, AGC, Zald, DH, Zimmermann, J, Krueger, RF, Kotov, R, Watson, D, Forbes, MK, Eaton, NR, Ruggero, CJ, Simms, LJ, Widiger, TA, Achenbach, TM, Bach, B, Bagby, RM, Bornovalova, MA, Carpenter, WT, Chmielewski, M, Cicero, DC, Clark, LA, Conway, C, DeClercq, B, DeYoung, CG, Docherty, AR, Drislane, LE, First, MB, Forbush, KT, Hallquist, M, Haltigan, JD, Hopwood, CJ, Ivanova, MY, Jonas, KG, Latzman, RD, Markon, KE, Miller, JD, Morey, LC, Mullins-Sweatt, SN, Ormel, J, Patalay, P, Patrick, CJ, Pincus, AL, Regier, DA, Reininghaus, U, Rescorla, LA, Samuel, DB, Sellbom, M, Shackman, AJ, Skodol, A, Slade, T, South, SC, Sunderland, M, Tackett, JL, Venables, NC, Waldman, ID, Waszczuk, MA, Waugh, MH, Wright, AGC, Zald, DH, and Zimmermann, J
Abstract: Shortcomings of approaches to classifying psychopathology based on expert consensus have given rise to contemporary efforts to classify psychopathology quantitatively. In this paper, we review progress in achieving a quantitative and empirical classification of psychopathology. A substantial empirical literature indicates that psychopathology is generally more dimensional than categorical. When the discreteness versus continuity of psychopathology is treated as a research question, as opposed to being decided as a matter of tradition, the evidence clearly supports the hypothesis of continuity. In addition, a related body of literature shows how psychopathology dimensions can be arranged in a hierarchy, ranging from very broad "spectrum level" dimensions, to specific and narrow clusters of symptoms. In this way, a quantitative approach solves the "problem of comorbidity" by explicitly modeling patterns of co-occurrence among signs and symptoms within a detailed and variegated hierarchy of dimensional concepts with direct clinical utility. Indeed, extensive evidence pertaining to the dimensional and hierarchical structure of psychopathology has led to the formation of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) Consortium. This is a group of 70 investigators working together to study empirical classification of psychopathology. In this paper, we describe the aims and current foci of the HiTOP Consortium. These aims pertain to continued research on the empirical organization of psychopathology; the connection between personality and psychopathology; the utility of empirically based psychopathology constructs in both research and the clinic; and the development of novel and comprehensive models and corresponding assessment instruments for psychopathology constructs derived from an empirical approach.
Published: 2021

4. A detailed hierarchical model of psychopathology: From individual symptoms up to the general factor of psychopathology.

Author: Forbes, MK, Sunderland, M, Rapee, RM, Batterham, PJ, Calear, AL, Carragher, N, Ruggero, C, Zimmerman, M, Baillie, AJ, Lynch, SJ, Mewton, L, Slade, T, Krueger, RF, Forbes, MK, Sunderland, M, Rapee, RM, Batterham, PJ, Calear, AL, Carragher, N, Ruggero, C, Zimmerman, M, Baillie, AJ, Lynch, SJ, Mewton, L, Slade, T, and Krueger, RF
Abstract: Much of our knowledge about the relationships among domains of psychopathology is built on the diagnostic categories described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), with relatively little research examining the symptom-level structure of psychopathology. The aim of this study was to delineate a detailed hierarchical model of psychopathology-from individual symptoms up to a general factor of psychopathology-allowing both higher- and lower-order dimensions to depart from the structure of the DSM. We explored the hierarchical structure of hundreds of symptoms spanning 18 DSM disorders, in two large samples-one from the general population in Australia (n = 3175), and the other a treatment-seeking clinical sample from the USA (n = 1775). There was marked convergence between the two samples, offering new perspectives on higher-order dimensions of psychopathology. We also found several noteworthy departures from the structure of the DSM in the symptom-level data.
Published: 2021

5. Genetic and environmental influences on human height from infancy through adulthood at different levels of parental education

Author: Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Yokoyama, Y, Latvala, A, Sugawara, M, Tanaka, M, Matsumoto, S, Freitas, DL, Maia, JA, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Saudino, KJ, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Magnusson, PKE, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Sung, J, Kim, J, Lee, J, Lee, S, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Medda, E, Nistico, L, Toccaceli, V, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Silberg, JL, Maes, HH, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Lichtenstein, P, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Willemsen, G, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Jeong, H-U, Hur, Y-M, Turkheimer, E, Boomsma, D, Srensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Yokoyama, Y, Latvala, A, Sugawara, M, Tanaka, M, Matsumoto, S, Freitas, DL, Maia, JA, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Saudino, KJ, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Magnusson, PKE, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Sung, J, Kim, J, Lee, J, Lee, S, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Medda, E, Nistico, L, Toccaceli, V, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Silberg, JL, Maes, HH, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Lichtenstein, P, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Willemsen, G, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Jeong, H-U, Hur, Y-M, Turkheimer, E, Boomsma, D, Srensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, and Silventoinen, K
Abstract: Genetic factors explain a major proportion of human height variation, but differences in mean stature have also been found between socio-economic categories suggesting a possible effect of environment. By utilizing a classical twin design which allows decomposing the variation of height into genetic and environmental components, we tested the hypothesis that environmental variation in height is greater in offspring of lower educated parents. Twin data from 29 cohorts including 65,978 complete twin pairs with information on height at ages 1 to 69 years and on parental education were pooled allowing the analyses at different ages and in three geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia). Parental education mostly showed a positive association with offspring height, with significant associations in mid-childhood and from adolescence onwards. In variance decomposition modeling, the genetic and environmental variance components of height did not show a consistent relation to parental education. A random-effects meta-regression analysis of the aggregate-level data showed a trend towards greater shared environmental variation of height in low parental education families. In conclusion, in our very large dataset from twin cohorts around the globe, these results provide only weak evidence for the study hypothesis.
Published: 2020

6. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment: an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author: Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Latvala, A, Honda, C, Inui, F, Tomizawa, R, Watanabe, M, Sakai, N, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Tyler, J, Hopper, JL, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Calais-Ferreira, L, Oliveira, VC, Ferreira, PH, Medda, E, Nistico, L, Toccaceli, V, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Pang, Z, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Aslan, AKD, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Harris, JR, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Silberg, JL, Maes, HH, Kandler, C, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Park, HA, Lee, J, Lee, SJ, Sung, J, Yokoyama, Y, Sorensen, TIA, Boomsma, D, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Latvala, A, Honda, C, Inui, F, Tomizawa, R, Watanabe, M, Sakai, N, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Tyler, J, Hopper, JL, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Calais-Ferreira, L, Oliveira, VC, Ferreira, PH, Medda, E, Nistico, L, Toccaceli, V, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Pang, Z, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Aslan, AKD, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Harris, JR, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Silberg, JL, Maes, HH, Kandler, C, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Park, HA, Lee, J, Lee, SJ, Sung, J, Yokoyama, Y, Sorensen, TIA, Boomsma, D, and Kaprio, J
Abstract: We investigated the heritability of educational attainment and how it differed between birth cohorts and cultural-geographic regions. A classical twin design was applied to pooled data from 28 cohorts representing 16 countries and including 193,518 twins with information on educational attainment at 25 years of age or older. Genetic factors explained the major part of individual differences in educational attainment (heritability: a2 = 0.43; 0.41-0.44), but also environmental variation shared by co-twins was substantial (c2 = 0.31; 0.30-0.33). The proportions of educational variation explained by genetic and shared environmental factors did not differ between Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia. When restricted to twins 30 years or older to confirm finalized education, the heritability was higher in the older cohorts born in 1900-1949 (a2 = 0.44; 0.41-0.46) than in the later cohorts born in 1950-1989 (a2 = 0.38; 0.36-0.40), with a corresponding lower influence of common environmental factors (c2 = 0.31; 0.29-0.33 and c2 = 0.34; 0.32-0.36, respectively). In conclusion, both genetic and environmental factors shared by co-twins have an important influence on individual differences in educational attainment. The effect of genetic factors on educational attainment has decreased from the cohorts born before to those born after the 1950s.
Published: 2020

7. The CODATwins Project: The Current Status and Recent Findings of COllaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins

Author: Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Sugawara, M, Tanaka, M, Matsumoto, S, Bogl, LH, Freitas, DL, Maia, JA, Hjelmborg, JVB, Aaltonen, S, Piirtola, M, Latvala, A, Calais-Ferreira, L, Oliveira, VC, Ferreira, PH, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Kandler, C, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, Saudino, KJ, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Medda, E, Nistico, L, Toccaceli, V, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Jeong, H-U, Spector, T, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Gao, W, Yu, C, Li, L, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, He, M, Ding, X, Silberg, JL, Maes, HH, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Dahl Aslan, AK, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Jang, KL, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Lichtenstein, P, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Ooki, S, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Harris, JR, Sung, J, Park, HA, Lee, J, Lee, SJ, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, Van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Tomizawa, R, Inui, F, Watanabe, M, Honda, C, Sakai, N, Hur, Y-M, Sorensen, TIA, Boomsma, DI, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Sugawara, M, Tanaka, M, Matsumoto, S, Bogl, LH, Freitas, DL, Maia, JA, Hjelmborg, JVB, Aaltonen, S, Piirtola, M, Latvala, A, Calais-Ferreira, L, Oliveira, VC, Ferreira, PH, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Kandler, C, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, Saudino, KJ, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Medda, E, Nistico, L, Toccaceli, V, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Jeong, H-U, Spector, T, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Gao, W, Yu, C, Li, L, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, He, M, Ding, X, Silberg, JL, Maes, HH, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Dahl Aslan, AK, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Jang, KL, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Lichtenstein, P, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Ooki, S, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Harris, JR, Sung, J, Park, HA, Lee, J, Lee, SJ, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, Van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Tomizawa, R, Inui, F, Watanabe, M, Honda, C, Sakai, N, Hur, Y-M, Sorensen, TIA, Boomsma, DI, and Kaprio, J
Abstract: The COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) project is a large international collaborative effort to analyze individual-level phenotype data from twins in multiple cohorts from different environments. The main objective is to study factors that modify genetic and environmental variation of height, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and size at birth, and additionally to address other research questions such as long-term consequences of birth size. The project started in 2013 and is open to all twin projects in the world having height and weight measures on twins with information on zygosity. Thus far, 54 twin projects from 24 countries have provided individual-level data. The CODATwins database includes 489,981 twin individuals (228,635 complete twin pairs). Since many twin cohorts have collected longitudinal data, there is a total of 1,049,785 height and weight observations. For many cohorts, we also have information on birth weight and length, own smoking behavior and own or parental education. We found that the heritability estimates of height and BMI systematically changed from infancy to old age. Remarkably, only minor differences in the heritability estimates were found across cultural-geographic regions, measurement time and birth cohort for height and BMI. In addition to genetic epidemiological studies, we looked at associations of height and BMI with education, birth weight and smoking status. Within-family analyses examined differences within same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins in birth size and later development. The CODATwins project demonstrates the feasibility and value of international collaboration to address gene-by-exposure interactions that require large sample sizes and address the effects of different exposures across time, geographical regions and socioeconomic status.
Published: 2019

8. Parental Education and Genetics of BMI from Infancy to Old Age: A Pooled Analysis of 29 Twin Cohorts

Author: Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Latvala, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Sugawara, M, Tanaka, M, Matsumoto, S, Aaltonen, S, Piirtola, M, Freitas, DL, Maia, JA, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Saudino, KJ, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Magnusson, PKE, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Sung, J, Kim, J, Lee, J, Lee, S, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Medda, E, Nistico, L, Toccaceli, V, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Silberg, JL, Maes, HH, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Harris, JR, Nilsen, TS, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Lichtenstein, P, Jeong, H-U, Hur, Y-M, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Latvala, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Sugawara, M, Tanaka, M, Matsumoto, S, Aaltonen, S, Piirtola, M, Freitas, DL, Maia, JA, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Saudino, KJ, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Magnusson, PKE, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Sung, J, Kim, J, Lee, J, Lee, S, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Medda, E, Nistico, L, Toccaceli, V, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Silberg, JL, Maes, HH, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Harris, JR, Nilsen, TS, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Lichtenstein, P, Jeong, H-U, Hur, Y-M, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, and Kaprio, J
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze how parental education modifies the genetic and environmental variances of BMI from infancy to old age in three geographic-cultural regions. METHODS: A pooled sample of 29 cohorts including 143,499 twin individuals with information on parental education and BMI from age 1 to 79 years (299,201 BMI measures) was analyzed by genetic twin modeling. RESULTS: Until 4 years of age, parental education was not consistently associated with BMI. Thereafter, higher parental education level was associated with lower BMI in males and females. Total and additive genetic variances of BMI were smaller in the offspring of highly educated parents than in those whose parents had low education levels. Especially in North American and Australian children, environmental factors shared by co-twins also contributed to the higher BMI variation in the low education level category. In Europe and East Asia, the associations of parental education with mean BMI and BMI variance were weaker than in North America and Australia. CONCLUSIONS: Lower parental education level is associated with higher mean BMI and larger genetic variance of BMI after early childhood, especially in the obesogenic macro-environment. The interplay among genetic predisposition, childhood social environment, and macro-social context is important for socioeconomic differences in BMI.
Published: 2019

9. Introduction to the special section on theories of borderline personality disorder

Author: Hopwood, CJ and Krueger, RF
Published: 2018

10. Reliability and clinical usefulness of the personality inventory for DSM-5 in clinically referred adolescents: A preliminary report in a sample of Italian inpatients

Author: Somma A, Fossati A, Terrinoni A, Williams R, Ardizzone I, Fantini F, Borroni S, Krueger RF, Markon KE, Ferrara M, Somma, A, Fossati, A, Terrinoni, A, Williams, R, Ardizzone, I, Fantini, F, Borroni, S, Krueger, Rf, Markon, Ke, and Ferrara, M
Published: 2016

11. Enhancing Psychosis-Spectrum Nosology Through an International Data Sharing Initiative

Author: Docherty, AR, Fonseca-Pedrero, E, Debbané, M, Chan, RCK, Linscott, RJ, Jonas, KG, Cicero, DC, Green, MJ, Simms, LJ, Mason, O, Watson, D, Ettinger, U, Waszczuk, M, Rapp, A, Grant, P, Kotov, R, DeYoung, CG, Ruggero, CJ, Eaton, NR, Krueger, RF, Patrick, C, Hopwood, C, O'Neill, FA, Zald, DH, Conway, CC, Adkins, DE, Waldman, ID, Van Os, J, Sullivan, PF, Anderson, JS, Shabalin, AA, Sponheim, SR, Taylor, SF, Grazioplene, RG, Bacanu, SA, Bigdeli, TB, Haenschel, C, Malaspina, D, Gooding, DC, Nicodemus, K, Schultze-Lutter, F, Barrantes-Vidal, N, Mohr, C, Carpenter, WT, Cohen, AS, Docherty, AR, Fonseca-Pedrero, E, Debbané, M, Chan, RCK, Linscott, RJ, Jonas, KG, Cicero, DC, Green, MJ, Simms, LJ, Mason, O, Watson, D, Ettinger, U, Waszczuk, M, Rapp, A, Grant, P, Kotov, R, DeYoung, CG, Ruggero, CJ, Eaton, NR, Krueger, RF, Patrick, C, Hopwood, C, O'Neill, FA, Zald, DH, Conway, CC, Adkins, DE, Waldman, ID, Van Os, J, Sullivan, PF, Anderson, JS, Shabalin, AA, Sponheim, SR, Taylor, SF, Grazioplene, RG, Bacanu, SA, Bigdeli, TB, Haenschel, C, Malaspina, D, Gooding, DC, Nicodemus, K, Schultze-Lutter, F, Barrantes-Vidal, N, Mohr, C, Carpenter, WT, and Cohen, AS
Abstract: The latent structure of schizotypy and psychosis-spectrum symptoms remains poorly understood. Furthermore, molecular genetic substrates are poorly defined, largely due to the substantial resources required to collect rich phenotypic data across diverse populations. Sample sizes of phenotypic studies are often insufficient for advanced structural equation modeling approaches. In the last 50 years, efforts in both psychiatry and psychological science have moved toward (1) a dimensional model of psychopathology (eg, the current Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology [HiTOP] initiative), (2) an integration of methods and measures across traits and units of analysis (eg, the RDoC initiative), and (3) powerful, impactful study designs maximizing sample size to detect subtle genomic variation relating to complex traits (the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium [PGC]). These movements are important to the future study of the psychosis spectrum, and to resolving heterogeneity with respect to instrument and population. The International Consortium of Schizotypy Research is composed of over 40 laboratories in 12 countries, and to date, members have compiled a body of schizotypy-And psychosis-related phenotype data from more than 30000 individuals. It has become apparent that compiling data into a protected, relational database and crowdsourcing analytic and data science expertise will result in significant enhancement of current research on the structure and biological substrates of the psychosis spectrum. The authors present a data-sharing infrastructure similar to that of the PGC, and a resource-sharing infrastructure similar to that of HiTOP. This report details the rationale and benefits of the phenotypic data collective and presents an open invitation for participation.
Published: 2018

12. Associations between birth size and later height from infancy through adulthood: An individual based pooled analysis of 28 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author: Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Hur, Y-M, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Ooki, S, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Magnusson, PKE, Saudino, KJ, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, Brescianini, S, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Nielsen, HB, Sodemann, M, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveld, CEM, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Rasmussen, F, Tynelius, P, Heikkila, K, Pietilainen, KH, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Kim, J, Lee, J, Lee, S, Sung, J, Loos, RJF, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Hur, Y-M, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Ooki, S, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Magnusson, PKE, Saudino, KJ, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, Brescianini, S, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Nielsen, HB, Sodemann, M, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveld, CEM, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Rasmussen, F, Tynelius, P, Heikkila, K, Pietilainen, KH, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Kim, J, Lee, J, Lee, S, Sung, J, Loos, RJF, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, and Silventoinen, K
Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence that birth size is positively associated with height in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. AIM: To analyze the associations of birth weight, length and ponderal index with height from infancy through adulthood within mono- and dizygotic twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors. METHODS: This study is based on the data from 28 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 41,852 complete twin pairs (55% monozygotic and 45% same-sex dizygotic) with information on birth weight and a total of 112,409 paired height measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 69 years. Birth length was available for 19,881 complete twin pairs, with a total of 72,692 paired height measurements. The association between birth size and later height was analyzed at both the individual and within-pair level by linear regression analyses. RESULTS: Within twin pairs, regression coefficients showed that a 1-kg increase in birth weight and a 1-cm increase in birth length were associated with 1.14-4.25 cm and 0.18-0.90 cm taller height, respectively. The magnitude of the associations was generally greater within dizygotic than within monozygotic twin pairs, and this difference between zygosities was more pronounced for birth length. CONCLUSION: Both genetic and individual-specific environmental factors play a role in the association between birth size and later height from infancy to adulthood, with a larger role for genetics in the association with birth length than with birth weight.
Published: 2018

13. Birth size and gestational age in opposite-sex twins as compared to same-sex twins: An individual-based pooled analysis of 21 cohorts

Author: Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Yokoyama, Y, Hur, Y-M, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Magnusson, PKE, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Bogl, LH, Pietilainen, KH, Vuoksimaa, E, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Rebato, E, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Ooki, S, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, Brescianini, S, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Vlietinck, RF, Derom, CA, Loos, RJF, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Yokoyama, Y, Hur, Y-M, Ullemar, V, Almqvist, C, Magnusson, PKE, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, CEM, Bogl, LH, Pietilainen, KH, Vuoksimaa, E, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Rebato, E, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Ooki, S, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, Brescianini, S, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Vlietinck, RF, Derom, CA, Loos, RJF, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, and Silventoinen, K
Abstract: It is well established that boys are born heavier and longer than girls, but it remains unclear whether birth size in twins is affected by the sex of their co-twin. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 21 twin cohorts in 15 countries derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), including 67,850 dizygotic twin individuals. Linear regression analyses showed that boys having a co-twin sister were, on average, 31 g (95% CI 18 to 45) heavier and 0.16 cm (95% CI 0.045 to 0.274) longer than those with a co-twin brother. In girls, birth size was not associated (5 g birth weight; 95% CI -8 to -18 and -0.089 cm birth length; 95% CI -0.202 to 0.025) with the sex of the co-twin. Gestational age was slightly shorter in boy-boy pairs than in boy-girl and girl-girl pairs. When birth size was standardized by gestational age, the magnitude of the associations was attenuated in boys, particularly for birth weight. In conclusion, boys with a co-twin sister are heavier and longer at birth than those with a co-twin brother. However, these differences are modest and partly explained by a longer gestation in the presence of a co-twin sister.
Published: 2018

14. Association between birth weight and educational attainment: an individual-based pooled analysis of nine twin cohorts

Author: Jelenkovic, A, Mikkonen, J, Martikainen, P, Latvala, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Vuoksimaa, E, Rebato, E, Sung, J, Kim, J, Lee, J, Lee, S, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, Brescianini, S, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Krueger, RF, Mcgue, M, Pahlen, S, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Harris, JR, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Mikkonen, J, Martikainen, P, Latvala, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Vuoksimaa, E, Rebato, E, Sung, J, Kim, J, Lee, J, Lee, S, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, Brescianini, S, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Krueger, RF, Mcgue, M, Pahlen, S, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Harris, JR, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, and Silventoinen, K
Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence that birth weight is positively associated with education, but it remains unclear whether this association is explained by familial environmental factors, genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. We analysed the association between birth weight and educational years within twin pairs, which controls for genetic factors and the environment shared between co-twins. METHODS: The data were derived from nine twin cohorts in eight countries including 6116 complete twin pairs. The association between birth weight and educational attainment was analysed both between individuals and within pairs using linear regression analyses. RESULTS: In between-individual analyses, birth weight was not associated with educational years. Within-pairs analyses revealed positive but modest associations for some sex, zygosity and birth year groups. The greatest association was found in dizygotic (DZ) men (0.65 educational years/kg birth weight, p=0.006); smaller effects of 0.3 educational years/kg birth weight were found within monozygotic (MZ) twins of both sexes and opposite-sex DZ twins. The magnitude of the associations differed by birth year in MZ women and opposite-sex DZ twins, showing a positive association in the 1915-1959 birth cohort but no association in the 1960-1984 birth cohort. CONCLUSION: Although associations are weak and somewhat inconsistent, our results suggest that intrauterine environment may play a role when explaining the association between birth weight and educational attainment.
Published: 2018

15. The DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders From the Perspective of Adult Attachment: A Study in Community-Dwelling Adults

Author: Fossati A, Krueger RF, Markon KE, Borroni S, Maffei C, Somma A, Fossati, A, Krueger, Rf, Markon, Ke, Borroni, S, Maffei, C, and Somma, A
Published: 2015

16. Efficiently measuring dimensions of the externalizing spectrum model: Development of the externalizing spectrum inventory-computerized adaptive test (ESI-CAT)

Author: Sunderland, M, Slade, T, Krueger, RF, Markon, KE, Patrick, CJ, Kramer, MD, Sunderland, M, Slade, T, Krueger, RF, Markon, KE, Patrick, CJ, and Kramer, MD
Abstract: The development of the Externalizing Spectrum Inventory (ESI) was motivated by the need to comprehensively assess the interrelated nature of externalizing psychopathology and personality using an empirically driven framework. The ESI measures 23 theoretically distinct yet related unidimensional facets of externalizing, which are structured under 3 superordinate factors representing general externalizing, callous aggression, and substance abuse. One limitation of the ESI is its length at 415 items. To facilitate the use of the ESI in busy clinical and research settings, the current study sought to examine the efficiency and accuracy of a computerized adaptive version of the ESI. Data were collected over 3 waves and totaled 1,787 participants recruited from undergraduate psychology courses as well as male and female state prisons. A series of 6 algorithms with different termination rules were simulated to determine the efficiency and accuracy of each test under 3 different assumed distributions. Scores generated using an optimal adaptive algorithm evidenced high correlations (r > .9) with scores generated using the full ESI, brief ESI item-based factor scales, and the 23 facet scales. The adaptive algorithms for each facet administered a combined average of 115 items, a 72% decrease in comparison to the full ESI. Similarly, scores on the item-based factor scales of the ESI-brief form (57 items) were generated using on average of 17 items, a 70% decrease. The current study successfully demonstrates that an adaptive algorithm can generate similar scores for the ESI and the 3 item-based factor scales using a fraction of the total item pool.
Published: 2017

17. Association between birthweight and later body mass index: an individual-based pooled analysis of 27 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author: Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Pietilainen, KH, Hur, Y-M, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Ooki, S, Saudino, KJ, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Heikkila, K, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, LTarnoki, D, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Harris, JR, Brandt, L, Nilsen, TS, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Rasmussen, F, Tynelius, P, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Krueger, RF, Mcgue, M, Pahlen, S, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Yokoyama, Y, Sund, R, Pietilainen, KH, Hur, Y-M, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Ooki, S, Saudino, KJ, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Heikkila, K, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, LTarnoki, D, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Harris, JR, Brandt, L, Nilsen, TS, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Rasmussen, F, Tynelius, P, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Krueger, RF, Mcgue, M, Pahlen, S, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, and Silventoinen, K
Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence that birthweight is positively associated with body mass index (BMI) in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. We analysed the association between birthweight and BMI from infancy to adulthood within twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors. METHODS: This study is based on the data from 27 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 78 642 twin individuals (20 635 monozygotic and 18 686 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs) with information on birthweight and a total of 214 930 BMI measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 49 years. The association between birthweight and BMI was analysed at both the individual and within-pair levels using linear regression analyses. RESULTS: At the individual level, a 1-kg increase in birthweight was linearly associated with up to 0.9 kg/m2 higher BMI (P < 0.001). Within twin pairs, regression coefficients were generally greater (up to 1.2 kg/m2 per kg birthweight, P < 0.001) than those from the individual-level analyses. Intra-pair associations between birthweight and later BMI were similar in both zygosity groups and sexes and were lower in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that environmental factors unique to each individual have an important role in the positive association between birthweight and later BMI, at least until young adulthood.
Published: 2017

18. Does the sex of one's co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood? A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author: Bogl, LH, Jelenkovic, A, Vuoksimaa, E, Ahrenfeldt, L, Pietilainen, KH, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Hur, Y-M, Jeong, H-U, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Cutler, TL, Kandler, C, Jang, KL, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, Krueger, RF, Mcgue, M, Pahlen, S, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Pang, Z, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Hjelmborg, JVB, Rebato, E, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Busjahn, A, Lichtenstein, P, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Aslan, AKD, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Yokoyama, Y, Hopper, JL, Loos, RJF, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Silventoinen, K, Kaprio, J, Bogl, LH, Jelenkovic, A, Vuoksimaa, E, Ahrenfeldt, L, Pietilainen, KH, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Hur, Y-M, Jeong, H-U, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Cutler, TL, Kandler, C, Jang, KL, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, Krueger, RF, Mcgue, M, Pahlen, S, Willemsen, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Pang, Z, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Hjelmborg, JVB, Rebato, E, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Busjahn, A, Lichtenstein, P, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Aslan, AKD, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Yokoyama, Y, Hopper, JL, Loos, RJF, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Silventoinen, K, and Kaprio, J
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on anthropometric traits, we compared mean height, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of being overweight or obese between men and women from OS and SS dizygotic twin pairs. METHODS: The data were derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) database, and included 68,494 SS and 53,808 OS dizygotic twin individuals above the age of 20 years from 31 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. Zygosity was determined by questionnaires or DNA genotyping depending on the study. Multiple regression and logistic regression models adjusted for cohort, age, and birth year with the twin type as a predictor were carried out to compare height and BMI in twins from OS pairs with those from SS pairs and to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being overweight or obese. RESULTS: OS females were, on average, 0.31 cm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20, 0.41) taller than SS females. OS males were also, on average, taller than SS males, but this difference was only 0.14 cm (95% CI 0.02, 0.27). Mean BMI and the prevalence of overweight or obesity did not differ between males and females from SS and OS twin pairs. The statistically significant differences between OS and SS twins for height were small and appeared to reflect our large sample size rather than meaningful differences of public health relevance. CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that prenatal hormonal exposure or postnatal socialization (i.e., having grown up with a twin of the opposite sex) has a major impact on height and BMI in adulthood.
Published: 2017

19. The structure of adolescent psychopathology: A symptom-level analysis

Author: Carragher, N, Teesson, M, Sunderland, M, Newton, NC, Krueger, RF, Conrod, PJ, Barrett, EL, Champion, KE, Nair, NK, Slade, T, Carragher, N, Teesson, M, Sunderland, M, Newton, NC, Krueger, RF, Conrod, PJ, Barrett, EL, Champion, KE, Nair, NK, and Slade, T
Abstract: Background Most empirical studies into the covariance structure of psychopathology have been confined to adults. This work is not developmentally informed as the meaning, age-of-onset, persistence and expression of disorders differ across the lifespan. This study investigates the underlying structure of adolescent psychopathology and associations between the psychopathological dimensions and sex and personality risk profiles for substance misuse and mental health problems. Method This study analyzed data from 2175 adolescents aged 13.3 years. Five dimensional models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis and the external validity was examined using a multiple-indicators multiple-causes model. Results A modified bifactor model, with three correlated specific factors (internalizing, externalizing, thought disorder) and one general psychopathology factor, provided the best fit to the data. Females reported higher mean levels of internalizing, and males reported higher mean levels of externalizing. No significant sex differences emerged in liability to thought disorder or general psychopathology. Liability to internalizing, externalizing, thought disorder and general psychopathology was characterized by a number of differences in personality profiles. Conclusions This study is the first to identify a bifactor model including a specific thought disorder factor. The findings highlight the utility of transdiagnostic treatment approaches and the importance of restructuring psychopathology in an empirically based manner.
Published: 2016

20. Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index from infancy to the onset of adulthood: an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins)

Author: Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Hur, Y-M, Yokoyama, Y, Honda, C, Hjelmborg, JV, Möller, S, Ooki, S, Aaltonen, S, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Kandler, C, Saudino, KJ, Jang, KL, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Gao, W, Yu, C, Li, L, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJ, Heikkilä, K, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, He, M, Ding, X, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TC, Craig, Jeffrey, Saffery, R, Freitas, DL, Maia, JA, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Chong, Y, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Magnusson, PK, Pedersen, NL, Tynelius, P, Lichtenstein, P, Haworth, CM, Plomin, R, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Öncel, SY, Aliev, F, Spector, T, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Willemsen, G, Rasmussen, F, Goldberg, JH, Sørensen, TI, Boomsma, DI, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Hur, Y-M, Yokoyama, Y, Honda, C, Hjelmborg, JV, Möller, S, Ooki, S, Aaltonen, S, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Kandler, C, Saudino, KJ, Jang, KL, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Gao, W, Yu, C, Li, L, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJ, Heikkilä, K, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, He, M, Ding, X, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TC, Craig, Jeffrey, Saffery, R, Freitas, DL, Maia, JA, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Chong, Y, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Magnusson, PK, Pedersen, NL, Tynelius, P, Lichtenstein, P, Haworth, CM, Plomin, R, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Öncel, SY, Aliev, F, Spector, T, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Willemsen, G, Rasmussen, F, Goldberg, JH, Sørensen, TI, Boomsma, DI, and Kaprio, J
Published: 2016

21. Genetic and environmental influences on adult human height across birth cohorts from 1886 to 1994

Author: Jelenkovic, A, Hur, Y-M, Sund, R, Yokoyama, Y, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Pang, Z, Aaltonen, S, Heikkila, K, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Rebato, E, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Sun, J, Song, Y-M, Yang, S, Lee, K, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Busjahn, A, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Kandler, C, Jang, KL, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Jeong, H-U, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Dahl-Aslan, AK, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, Tynelius, P, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Lichtenstein, P, Spector, TD, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Willemsen, G, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Corley, RP, Hjelmborg, JVB, Goldberg, JH, Iwatani, Y, Watanabe, M, Honda, C, Inui, F, Rasmussen, F, Huibregtse, BM, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Hur, Y-M, Sund, R, Yokoyama, Y, Siribaddana, SH, Hotopf, M, Sumathipala, A, Rijsdijk, F, Tan, Q, Zhang, D, Pang, Z, Aaltonen, S, Heikkila, K, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Rebato, E, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Christensen, K, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Cutler, TL, Hopper, JL, Ordonana, JR, Sanchez-Romera, JF, Colodro-Conde, L, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Sun, J, Song, Y-M, Yang, S, Lee, K, Franz, CE, Kremen, WS, Lyons, MJ, Busjahn, A, Nelson, TL, Whitfield, KE, Kandler, C, Jang, KL, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Jeong, H-U, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Dahl-Aslan, AK, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, Tynelius, P, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Lichtenstein, P, Spector, TD, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Willemsen, G, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Harris, JR, Brandt, I, Nilsen, TS, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Corley, RP, Hjelmborg, JVB, Goldberg, JH, Iwatani, Y, Watanabe, M, Honda, C, Inui, F, Rasmussen, F, Huibregtse, BM, Boomsma, DI, Sorensen, TIA, Kaprio, J, and Silventoinen, K
Abstract: Human height variation is determined by genetic and environmental factors, but it remains unclear whether their influences differ across birth-year cohorts. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts including 143,390 complete twin pairs born 1886-1994. Although genetic variance showed a generally increasing trend across the birth-year cohorts, heritability estimates (0.69-0.84 in men and 0.53-0.78 in women) did not present any clear pattern of secular changes. Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia), total height variance was greatest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but no clear pattern in the heritability estimates across the birth-year cohorts emerged. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that heritability of height is lower in populations with low living standards than in affluent populations, nor that heritability of height will increase within a population as living standards improve.
Published: 2016

22. Genetic and environmental influences on height from infancy to early adulthood: An individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts

Author: Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Hur, Y-M, Yokoyama, Y, Hjelmborg, JVB, Moller, S, Honda, C, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Ooki, S, Aaltonen, S, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Freitas, DL, Maia, JA, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Kandler, C, Saudino, KJ, Jang, KL, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Gao, W, Yu, C, Li, L, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Heikkila, K, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, He, M, Ding, X, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Tynelius, P, Lichtenstein, P, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Spector, T, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Willemsen, G, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Christensen, K, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Rasmussen, F, Goldberg, JH, Sorensen, TIA, Boomsma, DI, Kaprio, J, Silventoinen, K, Jelenkovic, A, Sund, R, Hur, Y-M, Yokoyama, Y, Hjelmborg, JVB, Moller, S, Honda, C, Magnusson, PKE, Pedersen, NL, Ooki, S, Aaltonen, S, Stazi, MA, Fagnani, C, D'Ippolito, C, Freitas, DL, Maia, JA, Ji, F, Ning, F, Pang, Z, Rebato, E, Busjahn, A, Kandler, C, Saudino, KJ, Jang, KL, Cozen, W, Hwang, AE, Mack, TM, Gao, W, Yu, C, Li, L, Corley, RP, Huibregtse, BM, Derom, CA, Vlietinck, RF, Loos, RJF, Heikkila, K, Wardle, J, Llewellyn, CH, Fisher, A, McAdams, TA, Eley, TC, Gregory, AM, He, M, Ding, X, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Beck-Nielsen, H, Sodemann, M, Tarnoki, AD, Tarnoki, DL, Knafo-Noam, A, Mankuta, D, Abramson, L, Burt, SA, Klump, KL, Silberg, JL, Eaves, LJ, Maes, HH, Krueger, RF, McGue, M, Pahlen, S, Gatz, M, Butler, DA, Bartels, M, van Beijsterveldt, TCEM, Craig, JM, Saffery, R, Dubois, L, Boivin, M, Brendgen, M, Dionne, G, Vitaro, F, Martin, NG, Medland, SE, Montgomery, GW, Swan, GE, Krasnow, R, Tynelius, P, Lichtenstein, P, Haworth, CMA, Plomin, R, Bayasgalan, G, Narandalai, D, Harden, KP, Tucker-Drob, EM, Spector, T, Mangino, M, Lachance, G, Baker, LA, Tuvblad, C, Duncan, GE, Buchwald, D, Willemsen, G, Skytthe, A, Kyvik, KO, Christensen, K, Oncel, SY, Aliev, F, Rasmussen, F, Goldberg, JH, Sorensen, TIA, Boomsma, DI, Kaprio, J, and Silventoinen, K
Abstract: Height variation is known to be determined by both genetic and environmental factors, but a systematic description of how their influences differ by sex, age and global regions is lacking. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts from 20 countries, including 180,520 paired measurements at ages 1-19 years. The proportion of height variation explained by shared environmental factors was greatest in early childhood, but these effects remained present until early adulthood. Accordingly, the relative genetic contribution increased with age and was greatest in adolescence (up to 0.83 in boys and 0.76 in girls). Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North-America and Australia, and East-Asia), genetic variance was greatest in North-America and Australia and lowest in East-Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation was roughly similar across these regions. Our findings provide further insights into height variation during childhood and adolescence in populations representing different ethnicities and exposed to different environments.
Published: 2016

23. Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment

Author: Okbay, Aysu, Beauchamp, JP, Fontana, MA, Lee, JJ, Pers, TH, Rietveld, Niels, Turley, P, Chen, GB, Emilsson, V, Meddens, SFW, Oskarsson, S, Pickrell, JK, Thom, K, Timshel, P, Vlaming, Ronald, Abdellaoui, A, Ahluwalia, TS, Bacelis, J, Baumbach, C, Bjornsdottir, G, Brandsma, Johan, Concas, MP, Derringer, J, Furlotte, NA, Galesloot, TE, Girotto, G, Gupta, R, Hall, LM, Harris, SE, Hofer, E, Horikoshi, M, Huffman, JE, Kaasik, K, Kalafati, IP, Karlsson, R, Kong, A, Lahti, J, van der Lee, Sven, de Leeuw, C, Lind, PA, Lindgren, KO, Liu, T, Mangino, M, Marten, J, Mihailov, E, Miller, MB, van der Most, PJ, Oldmeadow, C, Payton, A, Pervjakova, N, Peyrot, WJ, Qian, Y, Raitakari, O, Rueedi, R, Salvi, E, Schmidt, B, Schraut, KE, Shi, JX, Smith, AV, Poot, Raymond, St Pourcain, B, Teumer, A, Thorleifsson, G, Verweij, N (Niek), Vuckovic, D, Wellmann, J, Westra, HJ, Yang, JY, Zhao, W, Zhu, ZH, Alizadeh, BZ, Amin, Najaf, Bakshi, A, Baumeister, SE, Biino, G, Bonnelykke, K, Boyle, PA, Campbell, H, Cappuccio, FP, Davies, G, De Neve, JE, Deloukas, P, Demuth, I, Ding, J, Eibich, P, Eisele, L, Eklund, N, Evans, DM, Faul, JD, Feitosa, MF, Forstner, AJ, Gandin, I, Gunnarsson, B, Halldorsson, BV, Harris, TB, Heath, AC, Hocking, LJ, Holliday, EG, Homuth, G, Horan, MA, Hottenga, JJ, De Jager, PL, Joshi, PK, Jugessur, A, Kaakinen, MA, Kahonen, M, Kanoni, S, Keltigangas-Jarvinen, L, Kiemeney, LALM, Kolcic, I, Koskinen, S, Kraja, AT, Kroh, M, Kutalik, Z, Latvala, A, Launer, LJ, Lebreton, MP, Levinson, DF, Lichtenstein, P, Lichtner, P, Liewald, DCM, Loukola, A, Madden, PA, Magi, R, Maki-Opas, T, Marioni, RE, Marques-Vidal, P, Meddens, GA, McMahon, G, Meisinger, C, Meitinger, T, Milaneschi, Y, Milani, L, Montgomery, GW, Myhre, R, Nelson, CP, Nyholt, DR, Ollier, WER, Palotie, A, Paternoster, L, Pedersen, NL, Petrovic, KE, Porteous, DJ, Raikkonen, K, Ring, SM, Robino, A, Rostapshova, O, Rudan, I, Rustichini, A, Salomaa, V, Sanders, AR, Sarin, AP, Schmidt, Heléna, Scott, RJ, Smith, BH, Smith, JA, Staessen, JA, Steinhagen-Thiessen, E, Strauch, K, Terracciano, A, Tobin, MD, Ulivi, S, Vaccargiu, S, Quaye, L, van Rooij, FJA, Venturini, C, Vinkhuyzen, AAE, Volker, U, Volzke, H, Vonk, JM, Vozzi, D, Waage, J, Ware, EB, Willemsen, G, Attia, JR, Bennett, DA, Berger, K, Bertram, L, Bisgaard, H, Boomsma, DI, Borecki, IB, Bultmann, U, Chabris, CF, Cucca, F, Cusi, D, Deary, IJ, Dedoussis, GV, Duijn, Cornelia, Eriksson, JG, Franke, B, Franke, L, Gasparini, P, Gejman, PV, Gieger, C, Grabe, HJ, Gratten, J, Groenen, Patrick, Gudnason, V, van der Harst, P, Hayward, C, Hinds, DA, Hoffmann, W, Hyppnen, E, Iacono, WG, Jacobsson, B, Jarvelin, MR, Jockel, KH, Kaprio, J, Kardia, SLR, Lehtimaki, T, Lehrer, SF, Magnusson, PKE, Martin, NG, McGue, M, Metspalu, A, Pendleton, N, Penninx, BWJH, Perola, M, Pirastu, N, Pirastu, M, Polasek, O, Posthuma, Daniëlle, Power, C, Province, MA, Samani, NJ, Schlessinger, D, Schmidt, R, Sorensen, TIA, Spector, TD, Stefansson, K, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Thurik, Roy, Timpson, NJ, Tiemeier, Henning, Tung, JY, Uitterlinden, André, Vitart, V, Vollenweider, P, Weir, DR, Wilson, JF, Wright, AF, Conley, DC, Krueger, RF, Smith, GD, Hofman, Bert, Laibson, DI, Medland, SE, Meyer, MN, Yang, Jiaqi, Johannesson, M, Visscher, PM, Esko, T, Koellinger, PD, Cesarini, D, Benjamin, DJ, Okbay, Aysu, Beauchamp, JP, Fontana, MA, Lee, JJ, Pers, TH, Rietveld, Niels, Turley, P, Chen, GB, Emilsson, V, Meddens, SFW, Oskarsson, S, Pickrell, JK, Thom, K, Timshel, P, Vlaming, Ronald, Abdellaoui, A, Ahluwalia, TS, Bacelis, J, Baumbach, C, Bjornsdottir, G, Brandsma, Johan, Concas, MP, Derringer, J, Furlotte, NA, Galesloot, TE, Girotto, G, Gupta, R, Hall, LM, Harris, SE, Hofer, E, Horikoshi, M, Huffman, JE, Kaasik, K, Kalafati, IP, Karlsson, R, Kong, A, Lahti, J, van der Lee, Sven, de Leeuw, C, Lind, PA, Lindgren, KO, Liu, T, Mangino, M, Marten, J, Mihailov, E, Miller, MB, van der Most, PJ, Oldmeadow, C, Payton, A, Pervjakova, N, Peyrot, WJ, Qian, Y, Raitakari, O, Rueedi, R, Salvi, E, Schmidt, B, Schraut, KE, Shi, JX, Smith, AV, Poot, Raymond, St Pourcain, B, Teumer, A, Thorleifsson, G, Verweij, N (Niek), Vuckovic, D, Wellmann, J, Westra, HJ, Yang, JY, Zhao, W, Zhu, ZH, Alizadeh, BZ, Amin, Najaf, Bakshi, A, Baumeister, SE, Biino, G, Bonnelykke, K, Boyle, PA, Campbell, H, Cappuccio, FP, Davies, G, De Neve, JE, Deloukas, P, Demuth, I, Ding, J, Eibich, P, Eisele, L, Eklund, N, Evans, DM, Faul, JD, Feitosa, MF, Forstner, AJ, Gandin, I, Gunnarsson, B, Halldorsson, BV, Harris, TB, Heath, AC, Hocking, LJ, Holliday, EG, Homuth, G, Horan, MA, Hottenga, JJ, De Jager, PL, Joshi, PK, Jugessur, A, Kaakinen, MA, Kahonen, M, Kanoni, S, Keltigangas-Jarvinen, L, Kiemeney, LALM, Kolcic, I, Koskinen, S, Kraja, AT, Kroh, M, Kutalik, Z, Latvala, A, Launer, LJ, Lebreton, MP, Levinson, DF, Lichtenstein, P, Lichtner, P, Liewald, DCM, Loukola, A, Madden, PA, Magi, R, Maki-Opas, T, Marioni, RE, Marques-Vidal, P, Meddens, GA, McMahon, G, Meisinger, C, Meitinger, T, Milaneschi, Y, Milani, L, Montgomery, GW, Myhre, R, Nelson, CP, Nyholt, DR, Ollier, WER, Palotie, A, Paternoster, L, Pedersen, NL, Petrovic, KE, Porteous, DJ, Raikkonen, K, Ring, SM, Robino, A, Rostapshova, O, Rudan, I, Rustichini, A, Salomaa, V, Sanders, AR, Sarin, AP, Schmidt, Heléna, Scott, RJ, Smith, BH, Smith, JA, Staessen, JA, Steinhagen-Thiessen, E, Strauch, K, Terracciano, A, Tobin, MD, Ulivi, S, Vaccargiu, S, Quaye, L, van Rooij, FJA, Venturini, C, Vinkhuyzen, AAE, Volker, U, Volzke, H, Vonk, JM, Vozzi, D, Waage, J, Ware, EB, Willemsen, G, Attia, JR, Bennett, DA, Berger, K, Bertram, L, Bisgaard, H, Boomsma, DI, Borecki, IB, Bultmann, U, Chabris, CF, Cucca, F, Cusi, D, Deary, IJ, Dedoussis, GV, Duijn, Cornelia, Eriksson, JG, Franke, B, Franke, L, Gasparini, P, Gejman, PV, Gieger, C, Grabe, HJ, Gratten, J, Groenen, Patrick, Gudnason, V, van der Harst, P, Hayward, C, Hinds, DA, Hoffmann, W, Hyppnen, E, Iacono, WG, Jacobsson, B, Jarvelin, MR, Jockel, KH, Kaprio, J, Kardia, SLR, Lehtimaki, T, Lehrer, SF, Magnusson, PKE, Martin, NG, McGue, M, Metspalu, A, Pendleton, N, Penninx, BWJH, Perola, M, Pirastu, N, Pirastu, M, Polasek, O, Posthuma, Daniëlle, Power, C, Province, MA, Samani, NJ, Schlessinger, D, Schmidt, R, Sorensen, TIA, Spector, TD, Stefansson, K, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Thurik, Roy, Timpson, NJ, Tiemeier, Henning, Tung, JY, Uitterlinden, André, Vitart, V, Vollenweider, P, Weir, DR, Wilson, JF, Wright, AF, Conley, DC, Krueger, RF, Smith, GD, Hofman, Bert, Laibson, DI, Medland, SE, Meyer, MN, Yang, Jiaqi, Johannesson, M, Visscher, PM, Esko, T, Koellinger, PD, Cesarini, D, and Benjamin, DJ
Abstract: Educational attainment is strongly influenced by social and other environmental factors, but genetic factors are estimated to account for at least 20% of the variation across individuals(1). Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for educational attainment that extends our earlier discovery sample(1,2) of 101,069 individuals to 293,723 individuals, and a replication study in an independent sample of 111,349 individuals from the UK Biobank. We identify 74 genome-wide significant loci associated with the number of years of schooling completed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with educational attainment are disproportionately found in genomic regions regulating gene expression in the fetal brain. Candidate genes are preferentially expressed in neural tissue, especially during the prenatal period, and enriched for biological pathways involved in neural development. Our findings demonstrate that, even for a behavioural phenotype that is mostly environmentally determined, a well-powered GWAS identifies replicable associated genetic variants that suggest biologically relevant pathways. Because educational attainment is measured in large numbers of individuals, it will continue to be useful as a proxy phenotype in efforts to characterize the genetic influences of related phenotypes, including cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Published: 2016

24. Meta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Extraversion: Findings from the Genetics of Personality Consortium

Author: van den Berg, SM, de Moor, MHM, Verweij, KJH, Krueger, RF, Luciano, M, Vasquez, AA, Matteson, LK, Derringer, J, Esko, T, Amin, Najaf, Gordon, SD, Hansell, NK, Hart, AB, Seppala, I, Huffman, JE, Konte, B, Lahti, J, Lee, Max, Miller, M, Nutile, T, Tanaka, T, Teumer, A, Viktorin, A, Wedenoja, J, Abdellaoui, A, Abecasis, GR, Adkins, DE, Agrawal, A, Allik, J, Appel, K, Bigdeli, TB, Busonero, F, Campbell, H, Costa, PT, Smith, GD, Davies, G, de Wit, HJ, Ding, J, Engelhardt, BE, Eriksson, JG, Fedko, IO, Ferrucci, L, Franke, B, Giegling, I, Grucza, R, Hartmann, AM, Heath, AC, Heinonen, K, Henders, AK, Homuth, G, Hottenga, JJ (Jouke Jan), Iacono, WG, Janzing, J, Jokela, M, Karlsson, R, Kemp, JP, Kirkpatrick, MG, Latvala, A, Lehtimaki, T, Liewald, DC, Madden, PAF, Magri, C, Magnusson, PKE, Marten, J, del Maschio, A, Mbarek, H, Medland, SE, Mihailov, E, Milaneschi, Y, Montgomery, GW, Nauck, M, Nivard, MG, Ouwens, KG, Palotie, A, Pettersson, E, Polasek, O, Qian, Y, Pulkki-Raback, L, Raitakari, OT, Realo, A, Rose, RJ, Ruggiero, D, Schmidt, CO, Slutske, WS, Sorice, R, Starr, JM, St Pourcain, B, Sutin, AR, Timpson, NJ, Trochet, H, Vermeulen, Shanna, Vuoksimaa, E, Widen, E, Wouda, J, Wright, MJ, Zgaga, L, Porteous, D, Minelli, A, Palmer, AA, Rujescu, D, Ciullo, M, Hayward, C, Rudan, I, Metspalu, A, Kaprio, J, Deary, IJ, Raikkonen, K, Wilson, JF, Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L, Bierut, LJ, Hettema, JM, Grabe, HJ, Penninx, BWJH, Duijn, Cornelia, Evans, DM, Schlessinger, D, Pedersen, NL, Terracciano, A, McGue, M, Martin, NG, Boomsma, DI, Generation, Scotland, van den Berg, SM, de Moor, MHM, Verweij, KJH, Krueger, RF, Luciano, M, Vasquez, AA, Matteson, LK, Derringer, J, Esko, T, Amin, Najaf, Gordon, SD, Hansell, NK, Hart, AB, Seppala, I, Huffman, JE, Konte, B, Lahti, J, Lee, Max, Miller, M, Nutile, T, Tanaka, T, Teumer, A, Viktorin, A, Wedenoja, J, Abdellaoui, A, Abecasis, GR, Adkins, DE, Agrawal, A, Allik, J, Appel, K, Bigdeli, TB, Busonero, F, Campbell, H, Costa, PT, Smith, GD, Davies, G, de Wit, HJ, Ding, J, Engelhardt, BE, Eriksson, JG, Fedko, IO, Ferrucci, L, Franke, B, Giegling, I, Grucza, R, Hartmann, AM, Heath, AC, Heinonen, K, Henders, AK, Homuth, G, Hottenga, JJ (Jouke Jan), Iacono, WG, Janzing, J, Jokela, M, Karlsson, R, Kemp, JP, Kirkpatrick, MG, Latvala, A, Lehtimaki, T, Liewald, DC, Madden, PAF, Magri, C, Magnusson, PKE, Marten, J, del Maschio, A, Mbarek, H, Medland, SE, Mihailov, E, Milaneschi, Y, Montgomery, GW, Nauck, M, Nivard, MG, Ouwens, KG, Palotie, A, Pettersson, E, Polasek, O, Qian, Y, Pulkki-Raback, L, Raitakari, OT, Realo, A, Rose, RJ, Ruggiero, D, Schmidt, CO, Slutske, WS, Sorice, R, Starr, JM, St Pourcain, B, Sutin, AR, Timpson, NJ, Trochet, H, Vermeulen, Shanna, Vuoksimaa, E, Widen, E, Wouda, J, Wright, MJ, Zgaga, L, Porteous, D, Minelli, A, Palmer, AA, Rujescu, D, Ciullo, M, Hayward, C, Rudan, I, Metspalu, A, Kaprio, J, Deary, IJ, Raikkonen, K, Wilson, JF, Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L, Bierut, LJ, Hettema, JM, Grabe, HJ, Penninx, BWJH, Duijn, Cornelia, Evans, DM, Schlessinger, D, Pedersen, NL, Terracciano, A, McGue, M, Martin, NG, Boomsma, DI, and Generation, Scotland
Published: 2016

25. Examining the shared and unique relationships among substance use and mental disorders

Author: Sunderland, M, Slade, T, Krueger, RF, Sunderland, M, Slade, T, and Krueger, RF
Abstract: Background. Co-morbidity among use of different substances can be explained by a shared underlying dimensional factor. What remains unknown is whether the relationship between substance use and various co-morbid mental disorders can be explained solely by the general factor or whether there remain unique contributions of specific substances. Method. Data were from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHWB). A unidimensional latent factor was constructed that represented general substance use. The shared and specific relationships between lifetime substance use indicators and internalizing disorders, suicidality and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) were examined using Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) models in the total sample. Additional analyses then examined the shared and specific relationships associated with substance dependence diagnoses as indicators of the latent trait focusing on a subsample of substance users. Results. General levels of latent substance use were significantly and positively related to internalizing disorders, suicidality and psychotic-like experiences. Similar results were found when examining general levels of latent substance dependence in a sample of substance users. There were several direct effects between specific substance use/dependence indicators and the mental health correlates that significantly improved the overall model fit but they were small in magnitude and had relatively little impact on the general relationship. Conclusions. The majority of pairwise co-morbid relationships between substance use/dependence and mental health correlates can be explained through a general latent factor. Researchers should focus on investigating the commonalities across all substance use and dependence indicators when studying mental health co-morbidity.
Published: 2015

26. Improving the diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorders through survey methodology and cognitive interviewing

Author: Mewton, L, Slade, T, Teesson, M, Memedovic, S, Krueger, RF, Mewton, L, Slade, T, Teesson, M, Memedovic, S, and Krueger, RF
Abstract: © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This study aims to identify problems in the structure and wording of questions designed to operationalize four DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorders (AUDs): (1) use of alcohol in hazardous situations (hazard); (2) tolerance; (3) use of alcohol in larger amounts/longer periods than intended (larger/longer); (4) unsuccessful attempts to cut down or control alcohol use (quit/cut down). Ten experts appraised the questions related to these criteria in the WMH-CIDI according to a standardized checklist. These experts identified three main problems: (1) the double-barrelled nature of some of the questions; (2) definitional issues; and (3) unclear thresholds for criterion endorsement. Cognitive interviews of 100 young adult drinkers aged 18-24 were then conducted. The double-barrelled nature of the DSM-IV criteria led to their subsequent over- or under-endorsement. Key terms in the questions under investigation were defined inconsistently. There was also a large amount of variability in the thresholds at which larger/longer and quit/cut down were endorsed. Many of these problems could be linked back to the DSM-IV text. The findings raise questions as to the validity of AUD diagnoses when established via structured diagnostic interview. Further research should focus on testing alternative structure and wording of key AUD criteria to ensure accurate operationalizations of these criteria in structured diagnostic interviews.
Published: 2014

27. The impact of childhood temperament on the development of borderline personality disorder symptoms over the course of adolescence

Author: Stepp, SD, Keenan, K, Hipwell, AE, Krueger, RF, Stepp, SD, Keenan, K, Hipwell, AE, and Krueger, RF
Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study was to characterize the development of BPD symptoms across adolescence by evaluating the fit of several latent variable growth models to annual assessments of symptoms obtained from girls when they were ages 14 through 19 years. After determining the best fitting model, we examined prospective associations between the temperament dimensions of emotionality, activity, low sociability, and shyness and BPD symptom development. Methods: We utilized longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Girls Study; one of the few large-scale, prospective studies of girls (N = 2,450) in the United States. Parent- and teacher-reports of girls' temperament were collected at Wave 1, when girls were ages 5-8 years. Child-reports of BPD symptoms were collected annually beginning at age 14 through 19 years. Results: We found that a free curve slope intercept model provided the best model fit, with the course of BPD symptoms characterized by a large component of inter-individual stability and a smaller component representing within-individual changes across adolescence. Symptoms appeared to peak by age 15, decline through age 18, and remain steady between ages 18 and 19 years. Both parent- and teacher-reports of temperament emotionality, activity, low sociability, and shyness predicted the developmental course of symptoms. Conclusions: BPD symptoms in adolescence reflect trait-like differences between youth with less within-person variability across time. Childhood temperament dimensions of emotionality, activity, low sociability, and shyness predict adolescent BPD symptom development. Parent- and teacher-informants provide unique information about the course of BPD symptoms, underscoring the utility of collecting child assessments using multiple informants.
Published: 2014

28. Harmonization of Neuroticism and Extraversion phenotypes across inventories and cohorts in the Genetics of Personality Consortium: an application of Item Response Theory

Author: van den Berg, SM, de Moor, MHM, McGue, M, Pettersson, E, Terracciano, A, Verweij, KJH, Amin, Najaf, Derringer, J, Esko, T, Van Grootheest, G, Hansell, NK, Huffman, J, Konte, B, Lahti, J, Luciano, M, Matteson, LK, Viktorin, A, Wouda, J, Agrawal, A, Allik, J, Bierut, L, Broms, U, Campbell, H, Smith, GD, Eriksson, JG, Ferrucci, L, Franke, B, Fox, JP, de Geus, EJC, Giegling, I, Gow, AJ, Grucza, R, Hartmann, AM, Heath, AC, Heikkila, K, Iacono, W, Janzing, J, Jokela, M, Kiemeney, L, Lehtimaki, T, Madden, PAF, Magnusson, PKE, Northstone, K, Nutile, T, Ouwens, KG, Palotie, A, Pattie, A, Pesonen, AK, Polasek, O, Pulkkinen, L, Pulkki-Raback, L, Raitakari, OT, Realo, A, Rose, RJ, Ruggiero, D, Seppala, I, Slutske, WS, Smyth, DC, Sorice, R, Starr, JM, Sutin, AR, Tanaka, T, Verhagen, J, Vermeulen, Shanna, Vuoksimaa, E, Widen, E, Willemsen, G, Wright, M, Zgaga, L, Rujescu, D, Metspalu, A, Wilson, JF, Ciullo, M, Hayward, C, Rudan, I, Deary, IJ, Raikkonen, K, Vasquez, AA, Costa, PT, Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L, Duijn, Cornelia, Penninx, BWJH, Krueger, RF, Evans, DM, Kaprio, J, Pedersen, NL, Martin, NG, Boomsma, DI, van den Berg, SM, de Moor, MHM, McGue, M, Pettersson, E, Terracciano, A, Verweij, KJH, Amin, Najaf, Derringer, J, Esko, T, Van Grootheest, G, Hansell, NK, Huffman, J, Konte, B, Lahti, J, Luciano, M, Matteson, LK, Viktorin, A, Wouda, J, Agrawal, A, Allik, J, Bierut, L, Broms, U, Campbell, H, Smith, GD, Eriksson, JG, Ferrucci, L, Franke, B, Fox, JP, de Geus, EJC, Giegling, I, Gow, AJ, Grucza, R, Hartmann, AM, Heath, AC, Heikkila, K, Iacono, W, Janzing, J, Jokela, M, Kiemeney, L, Lehtimaki, T, Madden, PAF, Magnusson, PKE, Northstone, K, Nutile, T, Ouwens, KG, Palotie, A, Pattie, A, Pesonen, AK, Polasek, O, Pulkkinen, L, Pulkki-Raback, L, Raitakari, OT, Realo, A, Rose, RJ, Ruggiero, D, Seppala, I, Slutske, WS, Smyth, DC, Sorice, R, Starr, JM, Sutin, AR, Tanaka, T, Verhagen, J, Vermeulen, Shanna, Vuoksimaa, E, Widen, E, Willemsen, G, Wright, M, Zgaga, L, Rujescu, D, Metspalu, A, Wilson, JF, Ciullo, M, Hayward, C, Rudan, I, Deary, IJ, Raikkonen, K, Vasquez, AA, Costa, PT, Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L, Duijn, Cornelia, Penninx, BWJH, Krueger, RF, Evans, DM, Kaprio, J, Pedersen, NL, Martin, NG, and Boomsma, DI
Abstract: Mega- or meta-analytic studies (e.g. genome-wide association studies) are increasingly used in behavior genetics. An issue in such studies is that phenotypes are often measured by different instruments across study cohorts, requiring harmonization of measures so that more powerful fixed effect meta-analyses can be employed. Within the Genetics of Personality Consortium, we demonstrate for two clinically relevant personality traits, Neuroticism and Extraversion, how Item-Response Theory (IRT) can be applied to map item data from different inventories to the same underlying constructs. Personality item data were analyzed in > 160,000 individuals from 23 cohorts across Europe, USA and Australia in which Neuroticism and Extraversion were assessed by nine different personality inventories. Results showed that harmonization was very successful for most personality inventories and moderately successful for some. Neuroticism and Extraversion inventories were largely measurement invariant across cohorts, in particular when comparing cohorts from countries where the same language is spoken. The IRT-based scores for Neuroticism and Extraversion were heritable (48 and 49 %, respectively, based on a meta-analysis of six twin cohorts, total N = 29,496 and 29,501 twin pairs, respectively) with a significant part of the heritability due to non-additive genetic factors. For Extraversion, these genetic factors qualitatively differ across sexes. We showed that our IRT method can lead to a large increase in sample size and therefore statistical power. The IRT approach may be applied to any mega- or meta-analytic study in which item-based behavioral measures need to be harmonized.
Published: 2014

29. Do Young Adults Interpret the DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Alcohol Use Disorders as Intended? A Cognitive Interviewing Study

Author: Slade, T, Teesson, M, Mewton, L, Memedovic, S, Krueger, RF, Slade, T, Teesson, M, Mewton, L, Memedovic, S, and Krueger, RF
Abstract: Background: Estimates of the prevalence of DSM-IV alcohol use disorders (AUD; i.e., abuse and dependence) are consistently higher for younger adults compared with their older counterparts. However, questions remain as to whether this "youthful epidemic" of AUD is real or a methodological artifact of the prevailing classification criteria. The aim of the current study was to explore potential shortcomings in the AUD criteria when applied to young adults. Methods: Experts in the field of substance use disorder classification carried out standardized appraisal of 4 DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse/dependence (hazard, tolerance, larger/longer, quit/cut down). Cross-sectional surveys of 100 young adult drinkers aged 18 to 24 were carried out. All participants were administered a structured diagnostic interview as well as a structured cognitive interview. The cognitive interviews were comprised of a set of predetermined and standardized probe questions designed to shed light on young adults' understanding of interview questions designed to tap the AUD diagnostic criteria. Answers to the cognitive interview probe questions were summarized across the total sample and, where appropriate, comparisons were made between those who endorsed the diagnostic criterion and those who did not. Results: Results showed that there were substantial inconsistencies in young adults' interpretations of survey questions reflecting impaired control over alcohol. Interpretations of questions designed to measure tolerance to the effects of alcohol and use of alcohol in hazardous situations were largely understood as intended by the architects of DSM. Conclusions: Survey questions designed to tap compulsive patterns of alcohol use require close attention to ensure they reflect the intentions of the DSM diagnostic criteria for AUD. © 2012 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.
Published: 2013

30. The heritability of personality is not always 50%: gene-environment interactions and correlations between personality and parenting.

Author: Krueger RF, South S, Johnson W, Iacono W, Krueger, Robert F, South, Susan, Johnson, Wendy, and Iacono, William
Abstract: Twin studies of personality are consistent in attributing approximately half of the variance in personality to genetic effects, with the remaining variance attributed to environments that make people within the same families different. Such conclusions, however, are based on quantitative models of human individual differences that estimate genetic and environmental contributions as constants for entire populations. Recent advances in statistical modeling allow for the possibility of estimating genetic and environmental contributions contingent on other variables, allowing the quantification of phenomena that have traditionally been characterized as gene-environment interaction and correlation. We applied these newer models to understand how adolescents' descriptions of their relationships with their parents might change or moderate the impact of genetic and environmental factors on personality. We documented notable moderation in the domains of positive and negative emotionality, with parental relationships acting both to enhance and diminish both genetic and environmental effects. We discuss how genetic and environmental contributions to personality might be more richly conceptualized as dynamic systems of gene-environment interplay--systems that are not captured by classical concepts, such as the overall heritability of personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2008
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31. The role of internalizing and externalizing liability factors in accounting for gender differences in the prevalence of common psychopathological syndromes.

Author: Kramer MD, Krueger RF, and Hicks BM
Abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that gender differences in average levels on the internalizing and externalizing factors that account for co-morbidity among common psychopathological syndromes in both men and women account for gender differences in the prevalence of specific syndromes.MethodThe latent structure of 11 syndromes was examined in a middle-aged (mean age=52.66 years, s.d.=5.82) sample of 2992 (37% men) members of the community-based Minnesota Twin Registry (MTR) assessed using 10 scales of the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ) and an adult antisocial behavior scale. Confirmatory factorial invariance models were applied to a best-fitting, internalizing-externalizing model. RESULTS: A 'strong gender invariance model' fit best, indicating that gender differences in the means of individual syndromes were well accounted for by gender differences in mean levels of internalizing and externalizing. Women exhibited higher mean levels of internalizing (d=0.23) and lower mean levels of externalizing (d=-0.52) than men. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that risk factors for common mental disorders exhibiting gender differences may influence prevalence at the latent factor level. Future research may benefit from focusing on both the latent factor and individual syndrome levels in explaining gender differences in psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2008
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32. The feasibility and need for dimensional psychiatric diagnoses.

Author: Helzer JE, Kraemer HC, and Krueger RF
Abstract: Background. It is our contention that both categorical and dimensional approaches to diagnosis are important for clinical work and research alike, and that each approach has its drawbacks and advantages. As the processes toward developing DSM-V and ICD-11 progress, we suggest that another exclusively categorical revision of psychiatric taxonomies will no longer be sufficient and that adding a dimensional component is a necessary step if these taxonomies are to continue serving the future clinical and research needs of psychiatry as they have so effectively done in the past.Method. We begin the paper with a review of terminology related to categories and dimensions and briefly review literature on advantages and disadvantages of both approaches.Results. A review of relevant literature supports both the need for and feasibility of augmenting traditional categorical diagnoses with dimensional information.Conclusion. We conclude with a proposal for preserving traditional categorical diagnostic definitions, but adding a dimensional component that would be reflective of and directly referable back to the categorical definitions. We also offer a specific proposal for adding a dimensional component to official taxonomies such as the DSM and the ICD in a way that fully preserves the traditional categorical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2006
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33. Sources of covariation among the child-externalizing disorders: informant effects and the shared environment.

Author: Burt SA, McGue M, Krueger RF, and Iacono WG
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Research has documented high levels of co-morbidity among childhood externalizing disorders, but its etiology remains in dispute. Specifically, although all behavior genetic studies of the etiology of the co-occurrence of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) agree that genetic factors are important, differences exist across studies in the relative weight assigned to genetic, shared environmental factors (i.e. factors that increase similarity among family members), and non-shared environmental factors (i.e. factors that decrease similarity among family members). Because heritability estimates can vary across informants, we used a biometric informant-effects model to determine whether these discrepancies were a function of systematic differences in maternal and child informant reports of ADHD, CD, and ODD. METHOD: We studied 1782 11-year-old twins from the Minnesota Twin Family Study. Symptom counts for each disorder were obtained from interviews administered to twins and their mothers. We fit a model that allowed us to examine, both across and within informants, the genetic and environmental contributions to the co-occurrence among ADHD, CD, and ODD. RESULTS: The results revealed that the co-occurrence among the disorders common to maternal and child informant reports was influenced largely by shared environmental forces. Genetic factors also contributed, though their impact was only marginally significant. In contrast, the co-occurrence unique to each informant was influenced exclusively by either genetic or non-shared environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS: Such findings offer additional evidence that shared environmental factors are important to the co-morbidity among ADHD, CD, and ODD, and highlight the necessity of considering informant effects when drawing conclusions about the origins of co-morbidity from analyses of genetically informative data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2005
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34. Psychopathic personality traits: heritability and genetic overlap with internalizing and externalizing psychopathology.

Author: Blonigen DM, Hicks BM, Krueger RF, Patrick CJ, and Iacono WG
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Little research has examined genetic and environmental contributions to psychopathic personality traits. Additionally, no studies have examined etiological connections between psychopathic traits and the broad psychopathological domains of internalizing (mood and anxiety) and externalizing (antisocial behavior, substance abuse). The current study was designed to fill these gaps in the literature. METHOD: Participants were 626 pairs of 17-year-old male and female twins from the community. Psychopathic traits were indexed using scores on the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ). Symptoms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology were obtained via structured clinical interviews. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate genetic and environmental influences on psychopathic personality traits as well as the degree of genetic overlap between these traits and composites of internalizing and externalizing. RESULTS: Twin analyses revealed significant genetic influence on distinct psychopathic traits (Fearless Dominance and Impulsive Antisociality). Moreover, Fearless Dominance was associated with reduced genetic risk for internalizing psychopathology, and Impulsive Antisociality was associated with increased genetic risk for externalizing psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that different psychopathic traits as measured by the MPQ show distinct genetically based relations with broad dimensions of DSM psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2005
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35. Profiling pathological narcissism according to DSM–5 domains and traits: A study on consecutively admitted Italian psychotherapy patients

Author: Kristian E. Markon, Serena Borroni, Robert F. Krueger, Antonella Somma, Andrea Fossati, Aaron L. Pincus, Fossati, A, Somma, A, Borroni, S, Pincus, Al, Markon, Ke, and Krueger, Rf
Subjects: 050103 clinical psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychotherapist, Dark triad, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Sadistic personality disorder, 050109 social psychology, medicine.disease, Personality disorders, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Narcissistic personality disorder, medicine, Narcissism, Personality, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, medicine.symptom, Personality Assessment Inventory, Psychology, Psychiatry, Clinical psychology, media_common
Abstract: [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 29(11) of Psychological Assessment (see record 2016-56886-001). In the article, several values were reversed and the mean was misreported in Table 2. The corrected table is present in the erratum.] Pathological narcissism represents a clinically relevant, albeit controversial personality construct, with multiple conceptualizations that are operationalized by different measures. Even in the recently published Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5), 2 different views of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) are formulated (i.e., Section II and Section III). The DSM-5 Section III alternative PD model diagnosis of NPD is based on self and interpersonal dysfunction (Criterion A) and a profile of maladaptive personality traits (Criterion B), specifically elevated scores on Attention Seeking and Grandiosity. Given the diversity of conceptualizations of pathological narcissism, we evaluated the convergences and divergences in DSM-5 trait profiles characterizing multiple measures of narcissism in a clinical sample of 278 consecutively admitted Italian psychotherapy patients. Patients were administered the Italian versions of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and 4 measures of NPD, (a) the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI); (b) the NPD scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+; (c) the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis II Personality Disorders, Version 2.0 (SCID-II) as an observer-rated measure of NPD; and (d) the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI). Multiple regression analyses showed that PID-5 traits explained from 13% to more than 60% of the variance in the different NPD measures. Attention Seeking was consistently associated with all measures of NPD, whereas Grandiosity was associated with some of the NPD measures. All measures of NPD were also significantly related to additional DSM-5 maladaptive traits. (PsycINFO Database Record
Published: 2017

36. Testing relationships between DSM–5 Section III maladaptive traits and measures of self and interpersonal impairment in Italian community dwelling adults

Author: Kristian E. Markon, Serena Borroni, Robert F. Krueger, Andrea Fossati, Antonella Somma, Fossati, Andrea, Borroni, Serena, Somma, A, Markon, Ke, and Krueger, Rf
Subjects: Adult, Male, 050103 clinical psychology, Coping (psychology), Personality Inventory, media_common.quotation_subject, Personality Disorders, DSM-5, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Adaptation, Psychological, Criterion validity, Humans, Personality, Interpersonal Relations, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Cooperative Behavior, Big Five personality traits, media_common, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, 05 social sciences, Cooperativeness, Middle Aged, 030227 psychiatry, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Italy, Trait, Female, Self Report, Personality Assessment Inventory, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: In order to study the relationships between DSM-5 Section III maladaptive personality traits and personality dysfunction, 312 Italian community dwelling adults completed the Italian translations of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Measure of Disordered Personality Functioning Scale (MDPF); participants were also administered the Iowa Personality Disorder Screen (IPDS). Consistent with previous findings, 22 (88.0%) PID-5 maladaptive trait scales showed moderate and significant correlations with MDPF Non Coping (median r value = .32), and Non Cooperativeness, (median r value = .24) scales. Regression analyses showed that PID-5 trait scales explained roughly 59% and 35% of the variance in MDPF Non Coping and Non Cooperativeness scales, respectively. PID-5 traits were significantly associated also with the IPDS total score, adjusted R2 = .45, p < .001. As a whole, our data seemed to indicate that the wide majority of the PID-5 scales showed significant relationships of at least moderate size with a self-report measure of personality dysfunction, lending further support to the criterion validity of the PID-5. (PsycINFO Database Record
Published: 2017

37. Genetic variants linked to education predict longevity

Author: Chris Power, Gail Davies, Ilaria Gandin, Panagiotis Deloukas, Jennifer E. Huffman, Pascal Timshel, Albert V. Smith, A. Kong, Paul Lichtenstein, Joseph K. Pickrell, Philipp Koellinger, P. L. De Jager, Reedik Mägi, G. B. Chen, Neil Pendleton, B. V. Halldórsson, George Dedoussis, Antti-Pekka Sarin, Natalia Pervjakova, Veikko Salomaa, Simona Vaccargiu, Ozren Polasek, K. H. Jöckel, Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, Y. Milaneschi, Jessica D. Faul, Patricia A. Boyle, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Igor Rudan, Christopher P. Nelson, Vilmundur Gudnason, John Attia, Jürgen Wellmann, Kristi Läll, Konstantin Strauch, Stuart J. Ritchie, Markus Perola, Nicola Pirastu, Klaus Bønnelykke, Robert Karlsson, R. de Vlaming, Liisa Keltigangas-Jarvinen, Thomas Meitinger, Riccardo E. Marioni, Anu Loukola, Barbera Franke, Reinhold Schmidt, Maël Lebreton, Sven Oskarsson, E. Mihailov, Harm-Jan Westra, David R. Weir, Aldi T. Kraja, Niek Verweij, Peter M. Visscher, Hans-Jörgen Grabe, Johannes H. Brandsma, Mark Adams, R. J. Scott, G. Thorleifsson, Tõnu Esko, Mika Kähönen, Saskia P. Hagenaars, Patrick Turley, Johannes Waage, Peter Lichtner, Dragana Vuckovic, Antonietta Robino, Henry Völzke, Lydia Quaye, C. de Leeuw, Marika Kaakinen, Wei Zhao, Abdel Abdellaoui, Reka Nagy, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Johan G. Eriksson, Alan F. Wright, Andres Metspalu, Lavinia Paternoster, Momoko Horikoshi, Jan A. Staessen, Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia, Tian Liu, Martin Kroh, Aldo Rustichini, Giorgia Girotto, Cristina Venturini, Lili Milani, Jennifer A. Smith, Ginevra Biino, Tessel E. Galesloot, Michael A. Horan, Gerardus A. Meddens, James F. Wilson, Francesco Cucca, Peter Vollenweider, Erika Salvi, P. J. van der Most, Jari Lahti, Campbell A, David Laibson, Andrew Bakshi, Wolfgang Hoffmann, Tomi Mäki-Opas, Andreas J. Forstner, C M van Duijn, Nicholas G. Martin, Jonathan Marten, Ute Bültmann, Olli T. Raitakari, David A. Bennett, A.G. Uitterlinden, J. E. De Neve, Ingrid B. Borecki, WD Hill, Bo Jacobsson, Antti Latvala, Katri Räikkönen, Michael B. Miller, Jonathan P. Beauchamp, S. J. van der Lee, Ilja Demuth, Stavroula Kanoni, Veronique Vitart, Elina Hyppönen, N. Eklund, Francesco P. Cappuccio, Robert F. Krueger, Maria Pina Concas, Jaime Derringer, F. J.A. Van Rooij, Helena Schmidt, Patrick J. F. Groenen, Valur Emilsson, Rico Rueedi, Aysu Okbay, Georg Homuth, Edith Hofer, W. E. R. Ollier, Hannah Campbell, Paolo Gasparini, Mark Alan Fontana, Magnus Johannesson, Seppo Koskinen, Christopher F. Chabris, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Christine Meisinger, Kari Stefansson, Jun Ding, Tia Sorensen, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Michelle N. Meyer, James J. Lee, Diego Vozzi, Gonneke Willemsen, K. Petrovic, Sarah E. Medland, Mary F. Feitosa, Henning Tiemeier, L. J. Launer, William G. Iacono, Massimo Mangino, Tune H. Pers, S. E. Baumeister, Christopher Oldmeadow, Grant W. Montgomery, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Jaakko Kaprio, Catharine R. Gale, S.F.W. Meddens, Kevin Thom, Klaus Berger, Pablo V. Gejman, Lude Franke, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Daniel J. Benjamin, Steven F. Lehrer, Krista Fischer, Alan R. Sanders, S. Ulivi, Katharina E. Schraut, Tim D. Spector, Amy Hofman, Matt McGue, Terho Lehtimäki, D. C. Liewald, Hans Bisgaard, L. Eisele, Astanand Jugessur, George Davey Smith, T.B. Harris, A.R. Thurik, Cornelius A. Rietveld, David Schlessinger, Z. Kutalik, David J. Porteous, Lynne J. Hocking, N J Timpson, A. Palotie, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Ian J. Deary, Sharon L.R. Kardia, Peter K. Joshi, Nilesh J. Samani, Michael A. Province, Börge Schmidt, Richa Gupta, Carmen Amador, Erin B. Ware, Joyce Y. Tung, Ioanna-Panagiota Kalafati, Lars Bertram, Caroline Hayward, P. van der Harst, Penelope A. Lind, Kadri Kaasik, N.A. Furlotte, Sarah E. Harris, B. St Pourcain, Susan M. Ring, Zhihong Zhu, Alexander Teumer, Behrooz Z. Alizadeh, Judith M. Vonk, Blair H. Smith, A Payton, Wouter J. Peyrot, Jacob Gratten, Douglas F. Levinson, C Gieger, Leanne M. Hall, Andrew Heath, Mario Pirastu, Peter Eibich, Nancy L. Pedersen, Ronny Myhre, Antonio Terracciano, David M. Evans, Raymond A. Poot, Uwe Völker, Dorret I. Boomsma, Clemens Baumbach, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Ivana Kolcic, Jia-Shu Yang, Dalton Conley, A. A. Vinkhuyzen, Danielle Posthuma, Karl-Oskar Lindgren, Olga Rostapshova, Jonas Bacelis, Daniele Cusi, Yong Qian, Bjarni Gunnarsson, George McMahon, Elizabeth G. Holliday, Pamela A. F. Madden, David A. Hinds, David Cesarini, Jianxin Shi, Najaf Amin, Dale R. Nyholt, Applied Economics, Epidemiology, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Aletta Jacobs School of Public Health, Public Health Research (PHR), Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL), Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, EMGO - Mental health, Complex Trait Genetics, Biological Psychology, Marioni, RE, Ritchie, SJ, Joshi, PK, Hagenaars, SP, Hypponen, E, Benjamin, DJ, Social Science Genetic Association Consortium, Marioni, Re, Ritchie, Sj, Joshi, Pk, Hagenaars, Sp, Okbay, A, Fischer, K, Adams, Mj, Hill, Wd, Davies, G, Nagy, R, Amador, C, Läll, K, Metspalu, A, Liewald, Dc, Campbell, A, Wilson, Jf, Hayward, C, Esko, T, Porteous, Dj, Gale, Cr, Deary, Ij, Beauchamp, Jp, Fontana, Ma, Lee, Jj, Pers, Th, Rietveld, Ca, Turley, P, Chen, Gb, Emilsson, V, Meddens, Sf, Oskarsson, S, Pickrell, Jk, Thom, K, Timshel, P, de Vlaming, R, Abdellaoui, A, Ahluwalia, T, Bacelis, J, Baumbach, C, Bjornsdottir, G, Brandsma, Jh, Concas, MARIA PINA, Derringer, J, Furlotte, Na, Galesloot, Te, Girotto, Giorgia, Gupta, R, Hall, Lm, Harris, Se, Hofer, E, Horikoshi, M, Huffman, Je, Kaasik, K, Kalafati, Ip, Karlsson, R, Kong, A, Lahti, J, van der Lee, Sj, de Leeuw, C, Lind, Pa, Lindgren, Ko, Liu, T, Mangino, M, Marten, J, Mihailov, E, Miller, Mb, van der Most, Pj, Oldmeadow, C, Payton, A, Pervjakova, N, Peyrot, Wj, Qian, Y, Raitakari, O, Rueedi, R, Salvi, E, Schmidt, B, Schraut, Ke, Shi, J, Smith, Av, Poot, Ra, St Pourcain, B, Teumer, A, Thorleifsson, G, Verweij, N, Vuckovic, Dragana, Wellmann, J, Westra, Hj, Yang, J, Zhao, W, Zhu, Z, Alizadeh, Bz, Amin, N, Bakshi, A, Baumeister, Se, Biino, G, Bønnelykke, K, Boyle, Pa, Campbell, H, Cappuccio, Fp, De Neve, Je, Deloukas, P, Demuth, I, Ding, J, Eibich, P, Eisele, L, Eklund, N, Evans, Dm, Faul, Jd, Feitosa, Mf, Forstner, Aj, Gandin, Ilaria, Gunnarsson, B, Halldórsson, Bv, Harris, Tb, Heath, Ac, Hocking, Lj, Holliday, Eg, Homuth, G, Horan, Ma, Hottenga, Jj, de Jager, Pl, Jugessur, A, Kaakinen, Ma, Kähönen, M, Kanoni, S, Keltigangas Järvinen, L, Kiemeney, La, Kolcic, I, Koskinen, S, Kraja, At, Kroh, M, Kutalik, Z, Latvala, A, Launer, Lj, Lebreton, Mp, Levinson, Df, Lichtenstein, P, Lichtner, P, Loukola, A, Madden, Pa, Mägi, R, Mäki Opas, T, Marques Vidal, P, Meddens, Ga, Mcmahon, G, Meisinger, C, Meitinger, T, Milaneschi, Y, Milani, L, Montgomery, Gw, Myhre, R, Nelson, Cp, Nyholt, Dr, Ollier, We, Palotie, A, Paternoster, L, Pedersen, Nl, Petrovic, Ke, Räikkönen, K, Ring, Sm, Robino, Antonietta, Rostapshova, O, Rudan, I, Rustichini, A, Salomaa, V, Sanders, Ar, Sarin, Ap, Schmidt, H, Scott, Rj, Smith, Bh, Smith, Ja, Staessen, Ja, Steinhagen Thiessen, E, Strauch, K, Terracciano, A, Tobin, Md, Ulivi, Sheila, Vaccargiu, S, Quaye, L, van Rooij, Fj, Venturini, C, Vinkhuyzen, Aa, Völker, U, Völzke, H, Vonk, Jm, Vozzi, Diego, Waage, J, Ware, Eb, Willemsen, G, Attia, Jr, Bennett, Da, Berger, K, Bertram, L, Bisgaard, H, Boomsma, Di, Borecki, Ib, Bultmann, U, Chabris, Cf, Cucca, F, Cusi, D, Dedoussis, Gv, van Duijn, Cm, Eriksson, Jg, Franke, B, Franke, L, Gasparini, Paolo, Gejman, Pv, Gieger, C, Grabe, Hj, Gratten, J, Groenen, Pj, Gudnason, V, van der Harst, P, Hinds, Da, Hoffmann, W, Iacono, Wg, Jacobsson, B, Järvelin, Mr, Jöckel, Kh, Kaprio, J, Kardia, Sl, Lehtimäki, T, Lehrer, Sf, Magnusson, Pk, Martin, Ng, Mcgue, M, Pendleton, N, Penninx, Bw, Perola, M, Pirastu, Nicola, Pirastu, M, Polasek, O, Posthuma, D, Power, C, Province, Ma, Samani, Nj, Schlessinger, D, Schmidt, R, Sørensen, Ti, Spector, Td, Stefansson, K, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Thurik, Ar, Timpson, Nj, Tiemeier, H, Tung, Jy, Uitterlinden, Ag, Vitart, V, Vollenweider, P, Weir, Dr, Wright, Af, Conley, Dc, Krueger, Rf, Smith, Gd, Hofman, A, Laibson, Di, Medland, Se, Meyer, Mn, Johannesson, M, Visscher, Pm, Koellinger, Pd, Cesarini, D, and Benjamin, Dj
Subjects: Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), 0301 basic medicine, Male, Parents, education: longevity: prediction: polygenic score [genetics], Multifactorial Inheritance, polygenic, Lebenserwartung, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Databases, Genetic, Medicine, genetics, polygenic score, longevity, education, gene, Soziales und Gesundheit, media_common, Aged, 80 and over, education, Multidisciplinary, Longevity, Middle Aged, Biobank, humanities, 3. Good health, Urological cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 15], Cohort, Educational Status, Female, Cohort study, Estonia, education, longevity, polygenic, Offspring, media_common.quotation_subject, Kultursektor, Prognose, Lernen, Lower risk, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, longevity, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Commentaries, Polygenic score, Journal Article, Genetics, Humans, Non-Profit-Sektor, Genetic Association Studies, Aged, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], business.industry, ta1184, Genetic Variation, prediction, Educational attainment, United Kingdom, Gesundheitsstatistik, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic epidemiology, Scotland, Gesundheitszustand, Genetische Forschung, business, Prediction, Bildung, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract: Educational attainment is associated with many health outcomes, including longevity. It is also known to be substantially heritable. Here, we used data from three large genetic epidemiology cohort studies (Generation Scotland, n = ∼17,000; UK Biobank, n = ∼115,000; and the Estonian Biobank, n = ∼6,000) to test whether education-linked genetic variants can predict lifespan length. We did so by using cohort members' polygenic profile score for education to predict their parents' longevity. Across the three cohorts, meta-analysis showed that a 1 SD higher polygenic education score was associated with ∼2.7% lower mortality risk for both mothers (total n deaths = 79,702) and ∼2.4% lower risk for fathers (total n deaths = 97,630). On average, the parents of offspring in the upper third of the polygenic score distribution lived 0.55 y longer compared with those of offspring in the lower third. Overall, these results indicate that the genetic contributions to educational attainment are useful in the prediction of human longevity. Marioni RE, Ritchie SJ, Joshi PK, Hagenaars SP, Okbay A, Fischer K, Adams MJ, Hill WD, Davies G, Social Science Genetic Association Consortium, Nagy R, Amador C, Läll K, Metspalu A, Liewald DC, Campbell A, Wilson JF, Hayward C, Esko T, Porteous DJ, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016, vol. 113, no. 47, pp. 13366-13371, 2016 Refereed/Peer-reviewed
Published: 2016

38. A Head-to-Head Comparison of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) With the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4) in Predicting the General Level of Personality Pathology Among Community Dwelling Subjects

Author: Antonella Somma, Kristian E. Markon, Serena Borroni, Andrea Fossati, Cesare Maffei, Robert F. Krueger, Fossati, A, Somma, A, Borroni, S, Maffei, C, Markon, Ke, and Krueger, Rf
Subjects: Adult, Male, 050103 clinical psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Personality Inventory, media_common.quotation_subject, Personality Disorders, DSM-5, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Self-report inventory, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Personality, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychiatry, media_common, 05 social sciences, Multilevel model, Personality pathology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Personality disorders, Iowa, 030227 psychiatry, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Trait, Female, Independent Living, Self Report, Personality Assessment Inventory, Psychology
Abstract: In order to evaluate if measures of DSM-5 Alternative PD Model domains predicted interview-based scores of general personality pathology when compared to self-report measures of DSM-IV Axis II/DSM-5 Section II PD criteria, 300 Italian community adults were administered the Iowa Personality Disorder Screen (IPDS) interview, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+). Multiple regression analyses showed that the five PID-5 domain scales collectively explained an adequate rate of the variance of the IPDS interview total score. This result was slightly lower than the amount of variance in the IPDS total score explained by the 10 PDQ-4+ scales. The PID-5 traits scales performed better than the PDQ-4+, although the difference was marginal. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the PID-5 domain and trait scales provided a moderate, but significant increase in the prediction of the general level of personality pathology above and beyond the PDQ-4+ scales.
Published: 2016

39. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form: Evidence for Reliability and Construct Validity in a Sample of Community-Dwelling Italian Adolescents

Author: Kristian E. Markon, Andrea Fossati, Robert F. Krueger, Serena Borroni, Antonella Somma, Fossati, Andrea, Somma, A, Borroni, S, Markon, Ke, and Krueger, Rf
Subjects: Male, 050103 clinical psychology, Psychometrics, Adolescent, Personality Inventory, 050109 social psychology, Sample (statistics), Test validity, Personality Disorders, DSM-5, Developmental psychology, Adjustment Disorders, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Applied Psychology, Reliability (statistics), Adolescent psychology, 05 social sciences, Construct validity, Reproducibility of Results, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Clinical Psychology, Italy, Regression Analysis, Female, Personality Assessment Inventory, Psychology
Abstract: To assess the reliability and construct validity of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form (PID-5-BF) among adolescents, 877 Italian high school students were administered the PID-5-BF. Participants were administered also the Measure of Disordered Personality Functioning (MDPF) as a criterion measure. In the full sample, Cronbach’s alpha values for the PID-5-BF scales ranged from .59 (Detachment) to .77 (Psychoticism); in addition, all PID-5-BF scales showed mean interitem correlation values in the .22 to .40 range. Cronbach’s alpha values for the PID-5-BF total score was .83 (mean interitem r = .16). Although 2-month test–retest reliability could be assessed only in a small ( n = 42) subsample of participants, all PID-5-BF scale scores showed adequate temporal stability, as indexed by intraclass r values ranging from .78 (Negative Affectivity) to .97 (Detachment), all ps 2 = .17, p < .001, and Non-Coping scales, adjusted R2 = .32, p < .001. Similarly, the PID-5-BF total score was a significant predictor of both MDPF Non-Coping, and Non-Cooperativeness scales.
Published: 2015

40. Genome-wide analysis identifies 12 loci influencing human reproductive behavior

Author: Ozren Polasek, Bo Jacobsson, Eleonora Porcu, Vinicius Tragante, Joel Eriksson, Jie Yao, Mika Kähönen, Mark Alan Fontana, Stefania Cappellani, J. Viikari, Rick Jansen, Crysovalanto Mamasoula, Linda Broer, Tamara B. Harris, Ellen A. Nohr, Genevieve Lachance, Johan G. Eriksson, Nicholas Eriksson, Rico Rueedi, Francesco Cucca, Jaakko Kaprio, Nicholas J. Timpson, George Dedoussis, Matt McGue, Per Magnus, Klaus Berger, Olli T. Raitakari, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Jing Hua Zhao, Peter Eibich, Sheila Ulivi, Hugoline G. de Haan, Ronny Myhre, Ruth McQuillan, Florian Kronenberg, Markus Perola, Klaus Bønnelykke, Robert Karlsson, Martina La Bianca, Paul Mitchell, Ian J. Deary, Melinda Mills, Teresa Nutile, Patrick J. F. Groenen, Stacey A. Missmer, Nicholas G. Martin, Panos Deloukas, Mario Pirastu, Lindsay K. Matteson, Robert Luben, Veikko Salomaa, Renée de Mutsert, Chris Power, Nir Barzilai, Annette Kifley, Hamdi Mbarek, Denis A. Evans, Erica P. Gunderson, Tim D. Spector, Anke Tönjes, Michela Traglia, Claire Monnereau, Karin Halina Greiser, Sharon L.R. Kardia, John M. Starr, Peter K. Joshi, Sandra Lai, Doris Stöckl, James J. Lee, Heather J. Cordell, Andrew Bakshi, Nicholas J. Wareham, David C. Liewald, P Koponen, Paul M. Ridker, Joyce Y. Tung, Ilaria Gandin, Kauko Heikkilä, Johannes Haerting, Gonneke Willemsen, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, Andrew C. Heath, Astanand Jugessur, John L. Hopper, Stefan Kiechl, Henry Völzke, Daniela Ruggiero, John R. B. Perry, Dan Mellström, Simon R. Cox, Yasaman Saba, Magnus Johannesson, Ginevra Biino, David Schlessinger, Kirsi Auro, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Christa Meisinger, Igor Rudan, Audrey J. Gaskins, Lars Bertram, Roy Thurik, Laura M. Yerges-Armstrong, Caterina Barbieri, Katri Räikkönen, Lawrence F. Bielak, Aviv Bergman, Philipp Koellinger, Ronald de Vlaming, Tian Liu, Johannes W. A. Smit, Peter Kovacs, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Jennifer A. Smith, Sven Bergmann, Inga Prokopenko, Xiuqing Guo, Marina Ciullo, Krina T. Zondervan, Marcel den Hoed, Daniel J. Benjamin, Kathryn Roll, Alan F. Wright, Helena Schmidt, William G. Iacono, Jie Jin Wang, Harold Snieder, Juho Wedenoja, Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia, David R. Weir, Ken K. Ong, Daniela Toniolo, Ruifang Li-Gao, Evelin Mihailov, Edith Hofer, Leslie J. Raffel, Daniel I. Chasman, Alexander Kluttig, Bernard Keavney, Eco J. C. de Geus, Kathleen A. Ryan, Kristin L. Ayers, Lude Franke, S. Fleur W. Meddens, Alison Pattie, Jornt J. Mandemakers, Eva Albrecht, David Cesarini, Beverley Balkau, Grant W. Montgomery, Michael Stumvoll, Ahmad Vaez, Michael B. Miller, Najaf Amin, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Cecile Lecoeur, Enes Makalic, Marc Jan Bonder, Terho Lehtimäki, Albert Hofman, Loic Yengo, Lynda M. Rose, Lisette Stolk, Juergen Wellmann, Gail Davies, Eero Kajantie, Nicole Schupf, Hans Bisgaard, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Konstantin Strauch, Ivana Kolcic, Lili Milani, Chunyan He, Claes Ohlsson, Yongmei Liu, Gil Atzmon, Janine F. Felix, Christian Gieger, Mike A. Nalls, Riitta Luoto, Nicola Barban, Philippe Froguel, Daniel F. Schmidt, Dorret I. Boomsma, Harry Campbell, Xia Shen, Vasiliki Lagou, Danny Ben-Avraham, Veronique Vitart, Ioanna P. Kalafati, Kari Stefansson, Daria V. Zhernakova, Constance Turman, Julie E. Buring, Johannes Waage, James F. Wilson, Maria Pina Concas, Zoltán Kutalik, Peter Willeit, Jørn Olsen, Dan Rujescu, Caroline Hayward, Penelope A. Lind, George McMahon, Elizabeth G. Holliday, Ilja M. Nolte, Fahimeh Falahi, Minh Bui, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Patrick F. McArdle, Cinzia Sala, Alana Cavadino, Rossella Sorice, Wei Zhao, Andres Metspalu, Sander W. van der Laan, Stavroula Kanoni, Elina Hyppönen, Morris A. Swertz, Simona Vaccargiu, Felix C. Tropf, Michael Lucht, Susan M. Ring, Elizabeth A. Streeten, Reinhold Schmidt, Augustine Kong, Johann Willeit, Patricia A. Peyser, Jessica D. Faul, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Tõnu Esko, Antonietta Robino, Lavinia Paternoster, Peter J. van der Most, Kumar B. Rajan, George Davey-Smith, Dragana Vuckovic, Hans J. Grabe, Jari Lahti, Giorgia Girotto, Jorge E. Chavarro, Robert F. Krueger, Hongyan Huang, Georg Homuth, Paolo Gasparini, Sarah E. Medland, Gert G. Wagner, Peter Kraft, André G. Uitterlinden, Cornelius A. Rietveld, Howard Andrews, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Peter Vollenweider, Perry, John [0000-0001-6483-3771], Zhao, Jing Hua [0000-0003-4930-3582], Luben, Robert [0000-0002-5088-6343], Ong, Kenneth [0000-0003-4689-7530], Wareham, Nicholas [0000-0003-1422-2993], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, BARBAN N, Rick Jansen, Ronald de Vlaming, Ahmad Vaez, Jornt J Mandemaker, Felix C Tropf, Xia Shen, James F Wilson, Daniel I Chasman, Ilja M Nolte, Vinicius Tragante, Sander W van der Laan, John R B Perry, Augustine Kong, BIOS Consortium, Tarunveer S Ahluwalia, Eva Albrecht, Laura Yerges-Armstrong, Gil Atzmon, Kirsi Auro, Kristin Ayer, Andrew Bakshi, Danny Ben-Avraham, Klaus Berger, Aviv Bergman, Lars Bertram, Lawrence F Bielak, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Marc Jan Bonder, Linda Broer, Minh Bui, Caterina Barbieri, Alana Cavadino, Jorge E Chavarro, Constance Turman, Maria Pina Conca, Heather J Cordell, Gail Davie, Peter Eibich, Nicholas Eriksson, Tõnu Esko, Joel Eriksson, Fahimeh Falahi, Janine F Felix, Mark Alan Fontana, Lude Franke, Ilaria Gandin, Audrey J Gaskin, Christian Gieger, Erica P Gunderson, Xiuqing Guo, Caroline Hayward, Chunyan He, Edith Hofer, Hongyan Huang, Peter K Joshi, Stavroula Kanoni, Robert Karlsson, Stefan Kiechl, Annette Kifley, Alexander Kluttig, Peter Kraft, Vasiliki Lagou, Cecile Lecoeur, Jari Lahti, Ruifang Li-Gao, Penelope A Lind, Tian Liu, Enes Makalic, Crysovalanto Mamasoula, Lindsay Matteson, Hamdi Mbarek, Patrick F McArdle, George McMahon, S Fleur W Medden, Evelin Mihailov, Mike Miller, Stacey A Missmer, Claire Monnereau, Peter J van der Most, Ronny Myhre, Mike A Nall, Teresa Nutile, Ioanna Panagiota Kalafati, Eleonora Porcu, Inga Prokopenko, Kumar B Rajan, Janet Rich-Edward, Cornelius A Rietveld, Antonietta Robino, Lynda M Rose, Rico Rueedi, Kathleen A Ryan, Yasaman Saba, Daniel Schmidt, Jennifer A Smith, Lisette Stolk, Elizabeth Streeten, Anke Tönje, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Sheila Ulivi, Juho Wedenoja, Juergen Wellmann, Peter Willeit, Jie Yao, Loic Yengo, Jing Hua Zhao, Wei Zhao, Daria V Zhernakova, Najaf Amin, Howard Andrew, Beverley Balkau, Nir Barzilai, Sven Bergmann, Ginevra Biino, Hans Bisgaard, Klaus Bønnelykke, Dorret I Boomsma, Julie E Buring, Harry Campbell, Stefania Cappellani, Marina Ciullo, Simon R Cox, Francesco Cucca, Daniela Toniolo, George Davey-Smith, Ian J Deary, George Dedoussi, Panos Delouka, Cornelia M van Duijn, Eco J C de Geu, Johan G Eriksson, Denis A Evan, Jessica D Faul, Cinzia Felicita Sala, Philippe Froguel, Paolo Gasparini, Giorgia Girotto, Hans-Jörgen Grabe, Karin Halina Greiser, Patrick J F Groenen, Hugoline G de Haan, Johannes Haerting, Tamara B Harri, Andrew C Heath, Kauko Heikkilä, Albert Hofman, Georg Homuth, Elizabeth G Holliday, John Hopper, Elina Hyppönen, Bo Jacobsson, Vincent W V Jaddoe, Magnus Johannesson, Astanand Jugessur, Mika Kähönen, Eero Kajantie, Sharon L R Kardia, Bernard Keavney, Ivana Kolcic, Päivikki Koponen, Peter Kovac, Florian Kronenberg, Zoltan Kutalik, Martina La Bianca, Genevieve Lachance, William G Iacono, Sandra Lai, Terho Lehtimäki, David C Liewald, LifeLines Cohort Study, Cecilia M Lindgren, Yongmei Liu, Robert Luben, Michael Lucht, Riitta Luoto, Per Magnu, Patrik K E Magnusson, Nicholas G Martin, Matt McGue, Ruth McQuillan, Sarah E Medland, Christa Meisinger, Dan Mellström, Andres Metspalu, Michela Traglia, Lili Milani, Paul Mitchell, Grant W Montgomery, Dennis Mook-Kanamori, Renée de Mutsert, Ellen A Nohr, Claes Ohlsson, Jørn Olsen, Ken K Ong, Lavinia Paternoster, Alison Pattie, Brenda W J H Penninx, Markus Perola, Patricia A Peyser, Mario Pirastu, Ozren Polasek, Chris Power, Jaakko Kaprio, Leslie J Raffel, Katri Räikkönen, Olli Raitakari, Paul M Ridker, Susan M Ring, Kathryn Roll, Igor Rudan, Daniela Ruggiero, Dan Rujescu, Veikko Salomaa, David Schlessinger, Helena Schmidt, Reinhold Schmidt, Nicole Schupf, Johannes Smit, Rossella Sorice, Tim D Spector, John M Starr, Doris Stöckl, Konstantin Strauch, Michael Stumvoll, Morris A Swertz, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, A Roy Thurik, Nicholas J Timpson, Joyce Y Tung, André G Uitterlinden, Simona Vaccargiu, Jorma Viikari, Veronique Vitart, Henry Völzke, Peter Vollenweider, Dragana Vuckovic, Johannes Waage, Gert G Wagner, Jie Jin Wang, Nicholas J Wareham, David R Weir, Gonneke Willemsen, Johann Willeit, Alan F Wright, Krina T Zondervan, Kari Stefansson, Robert F Krueger, James J Lee, Daniel J Benjamin, David Cesarini, Philipp D Koellinger, Marcel den Hoed, Harold Snieder & Melinda C Mills, Barban, N, Jansen, R, de Vlaming, R, Vaez, A, Mandemakers, Jj, Tropf, Fc, Shen, X, Wilson, Jf, Chasman, Di, Nolte, Im, Tragante, V, van der Laan, Sw, Perry, Jr, Kong, A, Ahluwalia, T, Albrecht, E, Yerges Armstrong, L, Atzmon, G, Auro, K, Ayers, K, Bakshi, A, Ben Avraham, D, Berger, K, Bergman, A, Bertram, L, Bielak, Lf, Bjornsdottir, G, Bonder, Mj, Broer, L, Bui, M, Barbieri, CATERINA MARIA, Cavadino, A, Chavarro, Je, Turman, C, Concas, MARIA PINA, Cordell, Hj, Davies, G, Eibich, P, Eriksson, N, Esko, T, Eriksson, J, Falahi, F, Felix, Jf, Fontana, Ma, Franke, L, Gandin, Ilaria, Gaskins, Aj, Gieger, C, Gunderson, Ep, Guo, X, Hayward, C, He, C, Hofer, E, Huang, H, Joshi, Pk, Kanoni, S, Karlsson, R, Kiechl, S, Kifley, A, Kluttig, A, Kraft, P, Lagou, V, Lecoeur, C, Lahti, J, Li Gao, R, Lind, Pa, Liu, T, Makalic, E, Mamasoula, C, Matteson, L, Mbarek, H, Mcardle, Pf, Mcmahon, G, Meddens, Sf, Mihailov, E, Miller, M, Missmer, Sa, Monnereau, C, van der Most, Pj, Myhre, R, Nalls, Ma, Nutile, T, Kalafati, Ip, Porcu, E, Prokopenko, I, Rajan, Kb, Rich Edwards, J, Rietveld, Ca, Robino, Antonietta, Rose, Lm, Rueedi, R, Ryan, Ka, Saba, Y, Schmidt, D, Smith, Ja, Stolk, L, Streeten, E, Tönjes, A, Thorleifsson, G, Ulivi, Sheila, Wedenoja, J, Wellmann, J, Willeit, P, Yao, J, Yengo, L, Zhao, Jh, Zhao, W, Zhernakova, Dv, Amin, N, Andrews, H, Balkau, B, Barzilai, N, Bergmann, S, Biino, G, Bisgaard, H, Bønnelykke, K, Boomsma, Di, Buring, Je, Campbell, H, Cappellani, Stefania, Ciullo, M, Cox, Sr, Cucca, F, Toniolo, D, Davey Smith, G, Deary, Ij, Dedoussis, G, Deloukas, P, van Duijn, Cm, de Geus, Ej, Eriksson, Jg, Evans, Da, Faul, Jd, Sala, Cf, Froguel, P, Gasparini, Paolo, Girotto, Giorgia, Grabe, Hj, Greiser, Kh, Groenen, Pj, de Haan, Hg, Haerting, J, Harris, Tb, Heath, Ac, Heikkilä, K, Hofman, A, Homuth, G, Holliday, Eg, Hopper, J, Hyppönen, E, Jacobsson, B, Jaddoe, Vw, Johannesson, M, Jugessur, A, Kähönen, M, Kajantie, E, Kardia, Sl, Keavney, B, Kolcic, I, Koponen, P, Kovacs, P, Kronenberg, F, Kutalik, Z, LA BIANCA, Martina, Lachance, G, Iacono, Wg, Lai, S, Lehtimäki, T, Liewald, Dc, Lindgren, Cm, Liu, Y, Luben, R, Lucht, M, Luoto, R, Magnus, P, Magnusson, Pk, Martin, Ng, Mcgue, M, Mcquillan, R, Medland, Se, Meisinger, C, Mellström, D, Metspalu, A, Traglia, Michela, Milani, L, Mitchell, P, Montgomery, Gw, Mook Kanamori, D, de Mutsert, R, Nohr, Ea, Ohlsson, C, Olsen, J, Ong, Kk, Paternoster, L, Pattie, A, Penninx, Bw, Perola, M, Peyser, Pa, Pirastu, M, Polasek, O, Power, C, Kaprio, J, Raffel, Lj, Räikkönen, K, Raitakari, O, Ridker, Pm, Ring, Sm, Roll, K, Rudan, I, Ruggiero, D, Rujescu, D, Salomaa, V, Schlessinger, D, Schmidt, H, Schmidt, R, Schupf, N, Smit, J, Sorice, R, Spector, Td, Starr, Jm, Stöckl, D, Strauch, K, Stumvoll, M, Swertz, Ma, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Thurik, Ar, Timpson, Nj, Tung, Jy, Uitterlinden, Ag, Vaccargiu, S, Viikari, J, Vitart, V, Völzke, H, Vollenweider, P, Vuckovic, Dragana, Waage, J, Wagner, Gg, Wang, Jj, Wareham, Nj, Weir, Dr, Willemsen, G, Willeit, J, Wright, Af, Zondervan, Kt, Stefansson, K, Krueger, Rf, Lee, Jj, Benjamin, Dj, Cesarini, D, Koellinger, Pd, den Hoed, M, Snieder, H, Mills, Mc, Sociology/ICS, Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Isotope Research, Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL), Barban, Nicola, Jansen, Rick, De Vlaming, Ronald, Vaez, Ahmad, Hyppönen, Elina, Mills, Melinda C, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, EMGO - Mental health, Applied Economics, Public Health, Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC other, Epidemiology, Econometrics, Pediatrics, EMGO+ - Lifestyle, Overweight and Diabetes, Complex Trait Genetics, and Biological Psychology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), PROTEIN, WASS, Genome-wide association study, Reproductive Behavior, MOUSE, Genome-wide association studies, GWAS, reproductive behavior, fertility, 0302 clinical medicine, G1 PHASE, Pregnancy, Genetics & Heredity, Genetics, HUMAN-DISEASES, Reproduction, Human Reproduction, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, ASSOCIATION, Genome-Wide, POLYCYSTIC-OVARY-SYNDROME, Sociologie van Consumptie en Huishoudens, Parity, Phenotype, Behavioural genetics, Medical genetics, Female, BIOS Consortium, FOS: Medical biotechnology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Maternal Age, Infertility, medicine.medical_specialty, GENE PRIORITIZATION, Quantitative Trait Loci, Sociology of Consumption and Households, Quantitative trait locus, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, AGE, QUALITY-CONTROL, medicine, Journal Article, Life Science, SNP, Humans, gene, reproductive, behaviour, Science & Technology, ta1184, 06 Biological Sciences, medicine.disease, Genetic architecture, human reproductive behavior, 030104 developmental biology, Fertility, Human genome, Birth Order, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, LifeLines Cohort Study, Developmental Biology, genome-wide analysis, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Barban N, Jansen R, de Vlaming R, Vaez A, Mandemakers JJ, Tropf FC, Shen X, Wilson JF, Chasman DI, Nolte IM, Tragante V, van der Laan SW, Perry JR, Kong A; BIOS Consortium, Ahluwalia TS, Albrecht E, Yerges-Armstrong L, Atzmon G, Auro K, Ayers K, Bakshi A, Ben-Avraham D, Berger K, Bergman A, Bertram L, Bielak LF, Bjornsdottir G, Bonder MJ, Broer L, Bui M, Barbieri C, Cavadino A, Chavarro JE, Turman C, Concas MP, Cordell HJ, Davies G, Eibich P, Eriksson N, Esko T, Eriksson J, Falahi F, Felix JF, Fontana MA, Franke L, Gandin I, Gaskins AJ, Gieger C, Gunderson EP, Guo X, Hayward C, He C, Hofer E, Huang H, Joshi PK, Kanoni S, Karlsson R, Kiechl S, Kifley A, Kluttig A, Kraft P, Lagou V, Lecoeur C, Lahti J, Li-Gao R, Lind PA, Liu T, Makalic E, Mamasoula C, Matteson L, Mbarek H, McArdle PF, McMahon G, Meddens SF, Mihailov E, Miller M, Missmer SA, Monnereau C, van der Most PJ, Myhre R, Nalls MA, Nutile T, Kalafati IP, Porcu E, Prokopenko I, Rajan KB, Rich-Edwards J, Rietveld CA, Robino A, Rose LM, Rueedi R, Ryan KA, Saba Y, Schmidt D, Smith JA, Stolk L, Streeten E, Tönjes A, Thorleifsson G, Ulivi S, Wedenoja J, Wellmann J, Willeit P, Yao J, Yengo L, Zhao JH, Zhao W, Zhernakova DV, Amin N, Andrews H, Balkau B, Barzilai N, Bergmann S, Biino G, Bisgaard H, Bønnelykke K, Boomsma DI, Buring JE, Campbell H, Cappellani S, Ciullo M, Cox SR, Cucca F, Toniolo D, Davey-Smith G, Deary IJ, Dedoussis G, Deloukas P, van Duijn CM, de Geus EJ, Eriksson JG, Evans DA, Faul JD, Sala CF, Froguel P, Gasparini P, Girotto G, Grabe HJ, Greiser KH, Groenen PJ, de Haan HG, Haerting J, Harris TB, Heath AC, Heikkilä K, Hofman A, Homuth G, Holliday EG, Hopper J, Hyppönen E, Jacobsson B, Jaddoe VW, Johannesson M, Jugessur A, Kähönen M, Kajantie E, Kardia SL, Keavney B, Kolcic I, Koponen P, Kovacs P, Kronenberg F, Kutalik Z, La Bianca M, Lachance G, Iacono WG, Lai S, Lehtimäki T, Liewald DC; LifeLines Cohort Study, Lindgren CM, Liu Y, Luben R, Lucht M, Luoto R, Magnus P, Magnusson PK, Martin NG, McGue M, McQuillan R, Medland SE, Meisinger C, Mellström D, Metspalu A, Traglia M, Milani L, Mitchell P, Montgomery GW, Mook-Kanamori D, de Mutsert R, Nohr EA, Ohlsson C, Olsen J, Ong KK, Paternoster L, Pattie A, Penninx BW, Perola M, Peyser PA, Pirastu M, Polasek O, Power C, Kaprio J, Raffel LJ, Räikkönen K, Raitakari O, Ridker PM, Ring SM, Roll K, Rudan I, Ruggiero D, Rujescu D, Salomaa V, Schlessinger D, Schmidt H, Schmidt R, Schupf N, Smit J, Sorice R, Spector TD, Starr JM, Stöckl D, Strauch K, Stumvoll M, Swertz MA, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thurik AR, Timpson NJ, Tung JY, Uitterlinden AG, Vaccargiu S, Viikari J, Vitart V, Völzke H, Vollenweider P, Vuckovic D, Waage J, Wagner GG, Wang JJ, Wareham NJ, Weir DR, Willemsen G, Willeit J, Wright AF, Zondervan KT, Stefansson K, Krueger RF, Lee JJ, Benjamin DJ, Cesarini D, Koellinger PD, den Hoed M, Snieder H, Mills MC.
Published: 2016

41. Is it true that mental disorders are so common, and so commonly co-occur?

Author: MAJ, Mario, MILLON T, KRUEGER RF, SIMONSEN E, and Maj, Mario
Published: 2010

42. Integrating threat conditioning and the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology to advance the study of anxiety-related psychopathology.

Author: Cooper SE, Perkins ER, Webler RD, Dunsmoor JE, and Krueger RF
Subjects: Humans, Anxiety Disorders psychology, Anxiety Disorders classification, Anxiety Disorders diagnosis, Anxiety Disorders physiopathology, Anxiety psychology, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Psychopathology, Conditioning, Classical physiology, Conditioning, Psychological, Fear psychology
Abstract: Theoretical and methodological research on threat conditioning provides important neuroscience-informed approaches to studying fear and anxiety. The threat conditioning framework is at the vanguard of physiological and neurobiological research into core mechanistic symptoms of anxiety-related psychopathology, providing detailed models of neural circuitry underlying variability in clinically relevant behaviors (e.g., decreased extinction, heightened generalization) and heterogeneity in clinical anxiety presentations. Despite the strengths of this approach in explaining symptom and syndromal heterogeneity, the vast majority of psychopathology-oriented threat conditioning work has been conducted using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnostic categories, which fail to capture the symptom-level resolution that is afforded by threat conditioning indices. Furthermore, relations between fine-grained neurobehavioral measures of threat conditioning and anxiety traits and symptoms are substantially attenuated by within-category heterogeneity, arbitrary boundaries, and inherent comorbidity in the DSM approach. Conversely, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a promising approach for modeling anxiety symptoms relevant to threat conditioning work and for relating threat conditioning to broader anxiety-related constructs. To date, HiTOP has had a minimal impact on the threat conditioning field. Here, we propose that combining the HiTOP and neurobehavioral threat conditioning approaches is an important next step in studying anxiety-related pathology. We provide a brief review of prominent DSM critiques and how they affect threat conditioning studies and review relevant research and suggest solutions and recommendations that flow from the HiTOP perspective. Our hope is that this effort serves as both an inflection point and practical primer for HiTOP-aligned threat conditioning research that benefits both fields. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2024
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43. Conceptualizing adult ADHD with the DSM alternative model of personality disorder.

Author: Jacobsson P, Hopwood CJ, Krueger RF, Söderpalm B, and Nilsson T
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Models, Psychological, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity diagnosis, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Personality Disorders diagnosis
Abstract: Personality traits and personality disorders are related to ADHD and indicate dysfunction in clinical populations. The goals of this study were to examine how the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) a) indicates the presence of ADHD and b) communicates information about dysfunction over and above ADHD diagnosis. A sample of 330 adult psychiatric patients with and without ADHD (60% female; mean age 33 years) were assessed for ADHD symptoms, personality impairment, maladaptive personality traits, and functional life impairment domains. The maladaptive personality domain Disinhibition and particularly the lower order facet of Distractibility distinguished between individuals with psychiatric difficulties with and without ADHD. Distractibility is strongly related to the ADHD symptom dimension Inattentiveness, and Antagonism to Hyperactivity/impulsivity. General personality impairment augmented ADHD diagnosis in predicting life impairments. The AMPD has utility in ADHD assessments for diagnosis and prognosis., (© 2024 The Author(s). Personality and Mental Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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44. Genetic and environmental contributions to adult attachment styles: Evidence from the Minnesota Twin Registry.

Author: Dugan KA, Kunkel JJ, Fraley RC, Briley DA, McGue M, Krueger RF, and Roisman GI
Abstract: Attachment theory, as originally outlined by Bowlby (1973, 1980, 1969/1982), suggests that the ways people think, feel, and behave in close relationships are shaped by the dynamic interplay between their genes and their social environment. Research on adult attachment, however, has largely focused on the latter, providing only a partial picture of how attachment styles emerge and develop throughout life. The present research leveraged data from the Minnesota Twin Registry, a large sample of older adult twins ( N = 1,377 twins; 678 pairs; M age = 70.40 years, SD = 5.42), to examine the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to adult attachment styles. Participants reported on both their general attachment styles and relationship-specific attachments to their mothers, fathers, partners, and best friends. The results suggest that attachment styles are partly heritable (∼36%) and partly attributable to environmental factors that are not shared between twins (∼64%). Heritability estimates were somewhat higher for parent-specific attachment styles (∼51%), whereas nonshared environmental factors accounted for larger proportions of the variance in partner- and best friend-specific attachment styles. Using multivariate biometric models, we also examined the genetic and environmental factors underlying the covariation among people's relationship-specific attachment styles. The findings indicate that the similarities among people's avoidant tendencies in different relationships can be explained by a single, higher order latent factor (e.g., global avoidance). In contrast, the genetic and environmental factors underlying attachment anxiety appear to be more differentiated across specific close relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2024
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45. Associations between Loneliness, Epigenetic Aging, and Multimorbidity through Older Adulthood.

Author: Freilich CD, Markon KE, Mann FD, Cole SW, and Krueger RF
Abstract: Objectives: Loneliness is a pressing public health concern, but the mechanisms by which it leads to declining physical health are uncertain. Prior work has begun to explore epigenetic pathways, with some evidence suggesting a link between loneliness and DNA methylation, though it is unclear whether epigenetic variation can help explain loneliness-health associations., Method: Associations between loneliness and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) were estimated, as well as the degree to which EAA mediated and moderated the association between loneliness and the development of chronic physical health conditions (multimorbidity) in older adulthood. The sample consisted of Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants who provided blood draws and consented to methylation profiling (n=4,018)., Results: Baseline loneliness was associated with greater EAA in the GrimAge measure net of demographic and behavioral covariates (β=0.07, p=.003). Loneliness and GrimAge each predicted increasing condition counts, but there was no evidence of an interactive effect. The association between loneliness and increasing condition counts was, however, significantly mediated by GrimAge (indirect path β=0.020, p=.003)., Discussion: These results suggest that the impact of loneliness on multimorbidity may, in part, operate through DNA methylation. The specific intermediary, physiological mechanisms that are involved will require further research, but EAA measures like GrimAge are promising in helping to understand the health impacts of loneliness., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Published: 2024
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46. Longitudinal Changes in Epigenetic Age Acceleration Across Childhood and Adolescence.

Author: Del Toro J, Martz C, Freilich CD, Rea-Sandin G, Markon K, Cole S, Krueger RF, and Wilson S
Abstract: Importance: Individuals exposed to discrimination may exhibit greater epigenetic age acceleration (ie, cellular indicators of premature aging) over time, but few studies have examined longitudinal changes in epigenetic age acceleration, the heterogeneity in these changes for diverse groups of youths, and contextual explanations (ie, discrimination) for differences by ethnicity or race., Objective: To provide a descriptive illustration of changes in epigenetic age acceleration across childhood and adolescence among an ethnically and racially diverse sample of youths., Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study leveraged longitudinal data on a large sample of youths from low-income households in 20 large urban US cities who provided repeated assessments of saliva tissue samples at ages 9 and 15 years for DNA methylation analysis. Of 4898 youths from the Future of Families and Child Well-Being study, an ongoing study that oversampled children born to unmarried parents from 1998 to 2000, 2039 were included in the present analysis, as these youths had salivary DNA methylation data assayed and publicly available. Analyses were conducted from March 2023 to June 2024., Exposures: Racialized intrusive encounters with police (eg, stop and frisk and racial slurs)., Main Outcomes and Measures: Analyses were conducted to examine longitudinal changes in salivary epigenetic age acceleration over time, whether such changes varied across ethnically and racially diverse groups of youths, and whether police intrusion was associated with variation across ethnic and racial groups., Results: Among 2039 youths (mean [SD] age at baseline, 9.27 [0.38] years; 1023 [50%] male and 1016 [50%] female; 917 [45%] Black, 430 [21%] Hispanic or Latino, 351 [17%] White, and 341 [17%] other, including multiple races and self-identified other) with salivary epigenetic clocks at 9 and 15 years of age, longitudinal results showed that White youths exhibited less accelerated epigenetic aging over time than did Black and Hispanic or Latino youths and those reporting other or multiple races or ethnicities from ages 9 to 15 years, particularly in the Hannum (B, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.36-2.18), GrimAge (B, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.68-1.97), and DunedinPACE epigenetic clocks (B, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11-0.44). Across these clocks and the PhenoAge clock, police intrusion was associated with Black youths' more accelerated epigenetic aging (Hannum: B, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.03-0.23; GrimAge: B, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.03-0.18; PhenoAge: B, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02-0.18; DunedinPACE: B, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.01-0.03)., Conclusions and Relevance: The transition from childhood to adolescence may represent a sensitive developmental period when racism can have long-term deleterious impacts on healthy human development across the life span. Future research should build on the present study and interrogate which social regularities and policies may be perpetuating discrimination against ethnically and racially minoritized adolescents.
Published: 2024
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47. Alexithymia and Personality Pathology.

Author: Winterstein S, Mazzucchelli TG, Gross JJ, Krueger RF, and Preece DA
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Personality, Adolescent, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psychometrics, Affective Symptoms psychology, Personality Disorders psychology
Abstract: Alexithymia is an important transdiagnostic risk factor for many psychopathologies. To explore its relevance for personality disorders, we examined the association between alexithymia and maladaptive personality traits, as conceptualized within the DSM-5-TR Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (i.e., negative affect, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism). Participants ( N = 651) completed a battery of psychometric questionnaires. Regressions revealed that alexithymia facets accounted for a significant 15% of the variance in negative affect, 22% in detachment, 11% in antagonism, 18% in disinhibition, and 25% in psychoticism. Latent profile analysis showed that profiles with more severe personality pathology were generally characterized by more severe levels of alexithymia. Overall, our data highlight that alexithymia is important in understanding personality dysfunction. All facets of alexithymia, across both positive and negative emotions, are linked to each maladaptive personality trait. The assessment and targeting of alexithymia may therefore be of high relevance for the treatment of personality pathology.
Published: 2024
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48. Where do neurodevelopmental conditions fit in transdiagnostic psychiatric frameworks? Incorporating a new neurodevelopmental spectrum.

Author: Michelini G, Carlisi CO, Eaton NR, Elison JT, Haltigan JD, Kotov R, Krueger RF, Latzman RD, Li JJ, Levin-Aspenson HF, Salum GA, South SC, Stanton K, Waldman ID, and Wilson S
Abstract: Features of autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, learning disorders, intellectual disabilities, and communication and motor disorders usually emerge early in life and are associated with atypical neurodevelopment. These "neurodevelopmental conditions" are grouped together in the DSM-5 and ICD-11 to reflect their shared characteristics. Yet, reliance on categorical diagnoses poses significant challenges in both research and clinical settings (e.g., high co-occurrence, arbitrary diagnostic boundaries, high within-disorder heterogeneity). Taking a transdiagnostic dimensional approach provides a useful alternative for addressing these limitations, accounting for shared underpinnings across neurodevelopmental conditions, and characterizing their common co-occurrence and developmental continuity with other psychiatric conditions. Neurodevelopmental features have not been adequately considered in transdiagnostic psychiatric frameworks, although this would have fundamental implications for research and clinical practices. Growing evidence from studies on the structure of neurodevelopmental and other psychiatric conditions indicates that features of neurodevelopmental conditions cluster together, delineating a "neurodevelopmental spectrum" ranging from normative to impairing profiles. Studies on shared genetic underpinnings, overlapping cognitive and neural profiles, and similar developmental course and efficacy of support/treatment strategies indicate the validity of this neurodevelopmental spectrum. Further, characterizing this spectrum alongside other psychiatric dimensions has clinical utility, as it provides a fuller view of an individual's needs and strengths, and greater prognostic utility than diagnostic categories. Based on this compelling body of evidence, we argue that incorporating a new neurodevelopmental spectrum into transdiagnostic frameworks has considerable potential for transforming our understanding, classification, assessment, and clinical practices around neurodevelopmental and other psychiatric conditions., (© 2024 World Psychiatric Association.)
Published: 2024
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49. Why does perceived parenting in adolescence predict maladaptive personality in adulthood? Evidence for substantial genetic mediation.

Author: Hobbs KA, Wilson S, Vrieze SI, Roisman GI, McGue M, and Krueger RF
Abstract: Why is parenting in adolescence predictive of maladaptive personality in adulthood? This study sets out to investigate environmental and genetic factors underlying the association between parenting and maladaptive personality longitudinally in a large sample of twins. The present study addressed this question via a longitudinal study focused on two cohorts of twins assessed on aspects of perceived parenting (parent- and adolescent-reported) at age 14 years ( n =1,094 pairs). Participants were followed to adulthood, and maladaptive personality traits were self-reported using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) at age 24 or 34 years. We then modeled these data using a bivariate biometric model, decomposing parenting-maladaptive personality associations into additive genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental factors. Numerous domains of adolescent-reported parenting predicted adult maladaptive personality. Further, we found evidence for substantial additive genetic ( r a ranging from 0.22 to 0.55) and (to a lesser extent) nonshared environmental factors ( r e ranging from 0.10 to 0.15) that accounted for the association between perceived parenting reported in adolescence and adult personality. Perceived parenting in adolescence and maladaptive personality in adulthood may be related due to some of the same genetic factors contributing to both phenotypes at different developmental periods.
Published: 2024
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50. Predicting nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal risk: A comparison between the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Section II personality disorder and alternative model of personality disorders dimensions.

Author: Somma A, Gialdi G, Krueger RF, Markon KE, and Fossati A
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales standards, Risk Factors, Personality Disorders diagnosis, Self-Injurious Behavior diagnosis, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Suicidal Ideation
Abstract: The clinical relevance of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has received growing recognition, and NSSI represents a relevant risk factor for suicide. The present study aimed at running a head-to-head comparison between interview scores of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Section II personality disorders (PDs) criteria, and DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) Criterion A and Criterion B measures in providing significant and relevant information for understanding NSSI and suicidal ideation and behavior among psychotherapy participants. To this aim, a clinical sample of 103 adult participants was administered the Clinician-Administered Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Disorder Index (CANDI), the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), as well as the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders, the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Module I, and a self-report measure of dysfunctional personality traits (i.e., the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 [PID-5]). Logistic ordinal regression dominance analysis results showed that, when compared to the 10 DSM-5 Section II PD symptom counts, the DSM-5 Section III PD measure scores provided the same amount of information in the CANDI Global Severity Index scores (Nagelkerke pseudo- R ² value = .41), and a markedly larger information quantity in the case of the C-SSRS Suicidal Ideation (+35.1%), and Suicidal Behavior Index (+35.9%) levels. As a whole, our data suggested the clinical usefulness of the DSM-5 AMPD in understanding NSSI and suicidal ideation and behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2024
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