Search

Garra barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956 (Fig. 3) Garra barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956:262 (type locality: Buraimi [= Al Buraimi], Oman); Garra barreimiae shawkahensis Banister & Clarke, 1977:136 (type locality: Wadi Shawkah, Oman); Garra barreimiae West Clade (Pichler et al. 2018, Kirchner et al. submitted). Material examined. FSJF 4077, 26, 25���50 mm SL; Oman: Wadi Ajran about 3 km south-east of Ajran, 24.024��N, 56.196��E.��� FSJF 4073, 4, 40���49 mm SL; Oman: Falaj at mosque in Al Juwayf, 24.549��N, 56.105��E.��� FSJF 4075, 18, 37���74 mm SL; Oman: Wadi Qahfi, 24.713��N, 56.186��E. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. NMW-100045; FSJF DNA- 3235; Oman: Wadi Ajran about 3 km south-east of Ajran, 24.024��N, 56.196��E (GenBank accession number: MN830405, MN830867, MN830868).��� NMW-100036; Oman: Hafeet, 23.993��N, 55.843��E (GenBank accession number: MN 830404).���NMW-100037; Oman: Al Hayyal, 23.434��N, 56.740��E (GenBank accession number: MN 830403).���NMW-100044; FSJF DNA- 3231; Oman: Falaj at mosque in Al Juwayf, 24.549��N, 56.105��E (GenBank accession numbers: MN830407, MN830863, MN830864).���NMW-100046; Oman: Khutwa, 24.321��N, 56.130��E (GenBank accession number: MN 830406).��� FSJF DNA-3233; Oman: Wadi Qahfi, 24.713��N, 56.186��E (GenBank accession numbers: MN830865, MN830866).��� FSJF DNA-2488; UAE: Wadi Shawkah, in Emirate of Ras Al-Khaimah, 25.098��N, 56.109��E (GenBank accession numbers: KM214685, KM214738, KM214758, KM214779).��� FSJF DNA-2489; UAE: Wadi Wurayah in Emirate of Al-Fujaira, 25.398��N, 56.269��E. (GenBank accession numbers: KM214734, KM214767, KM214783). Diagnosis. Garra barreimiae is distinguished from the other species of Garra in the Hajar Mountains by having 15���18 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (vs. 10���14) and an orange spot present at the upper opercle (vs. absent). It also has a strongly mottled flank pattern with individual or series of orange midlateral scales (vs. orange scales absent in G. gallagheri, G. longipinnis and many individuals of G. shamal), and bold black middle caudal-fin rays with white membranes (vs. middle caudal-fin rays and membranes slightly darker or the same colour as remaining caudal-fin rays and membranes in G. shamal). G. barreimiae is further distinguished by the dark margins of the flank scales below the lateral line being very indistinct or absent (vs. present in G. longipinnis), having a white dorsal-fin tip (vs. evenly-coloured dorsal fin in G. gallagheri, G. longipinnis and G. sharq), and usually orange anal- and paired fins (vs. greenish, grey or black in G. gallagheri, G. longipinnis, and G. sharq). Distribution. Found in wadis on both flanks of the northern Hajar Mountains in UAE and Northern Oman, with a range extending southwards from the southern edge of the Ru���us al-Jibal range (Musandam Peninsula) to Al Hayyal on the Gulf of Oman coast and at least to Wadi al-Kabir and its tributaries on the interior flank (Fig. 2). Remarks. When Banister & Clarke (1977) described G. b. shawkahensis, they examined two juvenile paratypes of G. barreimiae (33, 34 mm SL), which were of ���fragile condition��� (p. 133) and not closely examined. The authors did examine fishes from Muscat and Wadi Sahtan (in the coastal basin of Oman) in detail and identified them as G. b. barreimiae since they possessed 11���14 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (vs. 15���18 in G. b. shawkahensis). However, the individuals that Banister and Clarke identified as G. b. barreimiae do not conform to those collected in the area of the type locality Al Buraimi (15���18 gill rakers), and they in fact redescribed G. barreimiae which is conspecific with G. b. shawkahensis. Moreover, the specimens Banister & Clarke identified as G. b. barreimiae represent a distinct species, which is described below as G. shamal. The description of Garra barreimiae wurayahi from the Emirate of Fujairah by Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa (2009) does not fulfil the criteria of the ICZN, therefore the name is not available. This population is here identified as G. barreimiae., Published as part of Kirchner, Sandra, Kruckenhauser, Luise, Pichler, Arthur, Borkenhagen, Kai & Freyhof, J��rg, 2020, Revision of the Garra species of the Hajar Mountains in Oman and the United Arab Emirates with the description of two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 521-545 in Zootaxa 4751 (3) on pages 527-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3714753, {"references":["Banister, K. E. & Clarke, M. A. (1977) The freshwater fishes of the Arabian Peninsula. The Scientific Results of the Oman Flora and Fauna Survey 1975. Journal Oman Studies, 1, 111 - 154.","Pichler, A., Ahnelt, H., Kirchner, S., Sattmann, H., Haring, E., Handschuh, S., Freyhof, J., Victor, R. & Kruckenhauser, L. (2018) The morphological diversity of Garra barreimiae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 101, 1053 - 1065. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 018 - 0758 - 7","Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, N. A. B. A. T. (2009) Garra barreimiae wurayahi Khalaf, 2009: A new blind cave fish subspecies from Wadi Al Wurayah pools, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle, 90, 1 - 15."]}

Garra longipinnis Banister & Clarke, 1977 (Fig. 5���6) Garra longipinnis Banister & Clarke, 1977:137 (type locality: Saiq, Jabal al Akhdar, 23��02���N, 57��28���E, Oman); Garra barreimiae Central Clade (Pichler et al. 2018, Kirchner et al. submitted). Material examined. BMNH 1968.10.11.1, holotype, 52 mm SL, BMNH 1968.10.11.2-8, 7, paratypes, 37���50 mm SL; Oman: Saiq, Jebel Akhdar.��� FSJF 4078, 16, 43���58 mm SL; Oman: pool in front of Ghubrat Tanuf Cave, 23.071��N, 57.368��E.��� FSJF 4080, 22, 42���59 mm SL; Oman: spring pool in old town of Saiq, 23.073��N, 57.663��E. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. NMW-100034_1; NMW-100034_2; Oman: Wadi Dhum, 23.233��N, 57.074��E (GenBank accession numbers: MN 830846, MN 830847).��� NMW-100047_1, NMW-100047_ 2; Oman: Wadi Falahi; 23.080��N, 57.350��E (GenBank accession numbers: MN830848, MN830849).��� NMW- 100032; Oman: Al Hoota cave, 23.084��N, 57.357��E (GenBank accession numbers: MN 830414).��� NMW-100039; Oman: Hoti Pit, 23.101��N, 57.372��E (GenBank accession numbers: MN 830415).��� NMW-100038; Oman: Lizq, 22.715��N, 58.172��E (GenBank accession numbers: MN 830413).��� NMW-100031; Oman: Wadi Nakhar, 23.174��N, 57.200��E (GenBank accession numbers: MN 830412).��� FSJF DNA-3238; Oman: spring pool in old town of Saiq, 23.073��N, 57.663��E. (GenBank accession numbers: MN830851, MN830852, MN830853).��� FSJF DNA-3236; Oman: pool in front of Ghubrat Tanuf Cave, 23.071��N, 57.368��E. (GenBank accession number: MN 830850). Diagnosis. Garra longipinnis is distinguished from G. barreimiae by having a greenish-brown or grey flank without or with slight mottling (vs. strongly mottled), a faint lateral stripe present in some individuals (vs. absent), orange midlateral scales on the flank absent (vs. present), orange spot at the upper opercle absent (vs. present), dorsal-fin tip not white (vs. white), and 12���14 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (vs. 15���18). Garra longipinnis is distinguished from G. gallagheri by possession of bold, dark-brown or grey scale pockets on the dorsal surface and dark-brown or grey scale margins on the flank which are clearly darker than the centre of the scales (vs. scale pockets and scale margins same colour as or only slightly darker than centre of scales). Distribution. Garra longipinnis is endemic to Oman where it occurs in wadis and falaj irrigation systems draining southwards from Jebel Akhdar and the Samail Gap, from Jebel Kawr and Jebel Shams east to about Lizq and the tributaries of Wadi ���Andam (Fig. 2). A subterranean population exists in the Al Hoota cave system. Remarks. Garra longipinnis and G. gallagheri are very similar morphologically and are sister species according to our phylogenetic tree reconstruction (Fig. 1). However, their distributions are clearly disjunct, and they exhibit average genetic distances (p-distance) of 2.1% in the analysed COI sequence (min: 1.8%, max: 2.4%). Banister & Clarke (1977) based their description of G. longipinnis on eight individuals from Saiq in Oman, collected in 1968 by the British Major Elliott-Legg. Freyhof et al. (2015) previously stated that only fishes identified as G. barreimiae have been found in the areas adjacent to the type locality since. Individuals conforming to the long-finned types of G. longipinnis have never been re-discovered (Gary Feulner, pers. comm.). We collected in the surrounding area of Saiq, but there is very little permanent water today, and the streams were found to be very cold or dry. We found a Garra population inhabiting a spring at the top of a small wadi situated on the outskirts of the old village of Saiq (Fig. 7), a place very likely to have been a point of attraction during the times of Major Elliott-Legg. Banister & Clarke (1977) list their materials as ���from Saiq��� (p. 135) but give the distribution as ���from a wadi near the village of Saiq��� (p. 136). The label of the type series in the BMNH reads ���Saiq, Jebel Akhdar���, suggesting that the fish were collected directly from Saiq. We suspect that the type series material from Elliott-Legg was collected from the old village of Saiq, at the same site we found. The subterranean water feeding the spring could mitigate low water temperatures in the area and this permanent water body is not only easy to find but was inhabited by fish in the 1960s according to the locals we spoke to. We found no wadis containing fish ���near��� Saiq, but it cannot be unreservedly assumed that this was the case in the 1960s. The material we collected in Saiq agrees well with the description by Banister & Clarke (1977) and the types of G. longipinnis examined by JF at BMNH. Banister & Clarke (1977) described G. longipinnis as being much less mottled than G. barreimiae, having a midlateral stripe, and that the posterior edge of the scales was darker than the centre. In addition to these character states the meristic characters closely match our findings. Nonetheless, there are almost no differences in meristics between all the Hajar Mountain Garra species (see Pichler et al. 2018 for details). The major difference between the types of G. longipinnis and the fresh material we collected is the length of the fins. In the types of G. longipinnis all fins are elongated (pectoral-fin length 22���32% SL; pelvic-fin length 19���26% SL). While there is some overlap, no individuals with such elongated fins have ever been found again (pectoral-fin length 18���25% SL; pelvic-fin length 15���19% SL according to Pichler et al. 2018; 20���26% SL, 17���22% SL in FSJF material). We cannot fully exclude that the long-finned type material of G. longipinnis represented a separate species, which is now likely extinct. DNA extraction and PCR amplification from the type material was unsuccessful, probably due to the method of preservation and age of the material. All the same, the scenario of a species becoming extinct and being replaced by a very similar congener seems unlikely. We suspect that Major Elliott-Legg selected long-finned individuals from a large series of Garra he might have seen in Saiq. In all the Hajar Mountain Garra species the males have considerably longer pectoral and pelvic fins than the females. Fish with hypertrophied fins are rare in nature, but long-finned mutations are very common in domesticated fish. It is possible that long-fin mutations accumulated over time in the small, pond-like spring in Saiq, which today harbours only a few hundred individuals. We consider it more likely that the long-finned individuals represent aberrant specimens of a species that is widespread in Oman outside the Saiq plateau. A blind and unpigmented population of G. longipinnis was described by Banister (1984) from the Al Hoota cave system in northern Oman, and this was studied in detail by Kruckenhauser et al. (2011) and Kirchner et al. (2017). The latter study includes sound data that the subterranean population is well isolated from its surface counterpart, and there seems to be no introgression of surface individuals into the subterranean population, while subterranean individuals are flushed out from time to time and hybridise with the local surface population., Published as part of Kirchner, Sandra, Kruckenhauser, Luise, Pichler, Arthur, Borkenhagen, Kai & Freyhof, J��rg, 2020, Revision of the Garra species of the Hajar Mountains in Oman and the United Arab Emirates with the description of two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 521-545 in Zootaxa 4751 (3) on pages 530-533, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3714753, {"references":["Banister, K. E. & Clarke, M. A. (1977) The freshwater fishes of the Arabian Peninsula. The Scientific Results of the Oman Flora and Fauna Survey 1975. Journal Oman Studies, 1, 111 - 154.","Pichler, A., Ahnelt, H., Kirchner, S., Sattmann, H., Haring, E., Handschuh, S., Freyhof, J., Victor, R. & Kruckenhauser, L. (2018) The morphological diversity of Garra barreimiae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 101, 1053 - 1065. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 018 - 0758 - 7","Freyhof, J., Hamidan, N. A., Feulner, G. R. & Harrison, I. (2015) Chapter 3. The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Fishes of the Arabian Peninsula. In: Garcia, N., Harrison, I., Cox, N. & Tognelli, M. F. (compilers), The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in the Arabian Peninsula. IUCN, Gland, Cambridge and Arlington, pp. 16 - 29.","Banister, K. E. (1984) A subterranean population of Garra barreimiae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Oman, with comments on the concept of regressive evolution. Journal of Natural History, 18, 927 - 938. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938400770811","Kruckenhauser, L., Haring, E., Seemann, R. & Sattmann, H. (2011) Genetic differentiation between cave and surface dwelling populations of Garra barreimiae (Cyprinidae) in Oman. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11, 172 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 11 - 172","Kirchner, S., Sattmann, H., Haring, E., Plan, L, Victor, R. & Kruckenhauser, L. (2017) Investigating gene flow between the blind cavefish Garra barreimiae and its conspecific surface populations. Scientific Reports, 7 (1), 5130. [http: // www. nature. com / articles / s 41598 - 017 - 05194 - 3]"]}

Garra sharq, new species (Fig. 13 ���16) Garra barreimiae East Clade (Pichler et al. 2018, Kirchner et al. submitted). Holotype. NMW-100002, 50.6 mm SL; Oman: Qifayfah, 22.915��N, 58.425��E. Paratypes. NMW-100003_1, 1, 53 mm SL; NMW-100003_2, 1, 46 mm SL; same data as holotype.��� FSJF 4085, 8, 35���50 mm SL; Oman: Wadi Kabbah about 3 km east of Saman, 22.983��N, 58.594��E.��� FSJF 4083, 6, 44���49 mm SL; Oman: Wadi Kabbah near Ghubra Natural Park, 23.022��N, 58.726��E.��� FSJF 4095, 1, 46 mm SL; Oman: Wadi Kabbah about 5 km west of Saman, 22.979��N, 58.527��E. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. NMW-100002, holotype; (GenBank accession number: MN 830417); NMW-100003_1, paratype; (GenBank accession number: MN 830416); NMW-100003_2, paratype; (GenBank accession number: MN 830418); Oman: Qifayfah, 22.915��N, 58.425��E.���NMW-100043; Oman: Al Hajir, 22.987��N, 58.503��E (GenBank accession number: MN 830420).���NMW-100040; Oman: Wadi Kabbah, 22.916��N, 58.872��E (GenBank accession number: MN 830419).��� FSJF DNA-3241; Oman: Wadi Kabbah near Ghubra Natural Park, 23.022��N, 58.726��E (GenBank accession numbers: MN830872, MN830873, MN830874).��� FSJF DNA-3243; Oman: Wadi Kabbah about 3 km east of Saman, 22.983��N, 58.594��E (GenBank accession number: MN 830875). Diagnosis. Garra sharq is distinguished from the other species of Garra in the Hajar Mountains by a combination of characters, none of them unique. It is distinguished from G. barreimiae by absence of orange spot at the upper opercle (vs. presence) and a white dorsal fin tip (vs. presence), and by having 10���14 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (vs. 15���18). Garra sharq is distinguished from G. gallagheri and G. longipinnis by having a strongly mottled flank pattern (vs. almost plain or with slight mottling) and individual or series of orange midlateral flank scales (vs. no orange scales). It is distinguished from G. shamal by absence of a white dorsal-fin tip (vs. presence), orange scales on the flank usually present (vs. usually absent) and having black dorsal-fin membranes (vs. hyaline, brown, grey, often hyaline in proximal and black on distal portion). Description. Morphometric data in Table 4. Body elongated, moderately compressed laterally, more compressed in region of caudal peduncle. Dorsal head profile rising gently, slightly convex, continuous with dorsal body profile from interorbital space to about halfway between nape and dorsal-fin origin, gently convex to dorsal-fin origin. Ventral profile more-or-less straight to anal-fin origin. Head moderately large and depressed, with slightly convex or flat interorbital distance. Snout blunt, almost straight. Transverse lobe with 5���14 small or medium sized tubercles on each side, lateral tubercle enlarged, directed sideward. Transverse lobe demarcated posteriorly by a well-developed transverse groove. Proboscis covered with small or medium sized tubercles, largest on anterior margin. Proboscis slightly elevated from depressed rostral surface. Lateral surface of snout covered by small to medium sized tubercles reaching to nare. A patch of tubercles between nare and anterior eye-margin. Depressed rostral surface without tubercles, rarely with few isolated tubercles. Anterior arm of depressed rostral surface reaching to base of rostral barbel, clearly separating transverse lobe from lateral surface. A shallow groove between transverse lobe and lateral surface. No tubercles in juvenile and many adult individuals. Eye placed dorso-laterally in posterior half of head. Barbels in two pairs; rostral barbel located antero-laterally, shorter than eye diameter; maxillary barbel at corner of mouth, shorter than rostral barbel. Rostral cap well-developed, fimbriate, papillate on ventral surface. Upper lip present as a thin band of papillae arranged in two ridges. Upper jaw almost or completely covered by rostral cap. Disc elliptical, about as wide as long and narrower than head width through base of maxillary barbel; groove between antero-median fold and central callous-pad narrow and deep, papillae on latero-posterior flap small; anterior marginal surface of central callous pad with small papillae; posterior margin of latero-posterior flap extending vertically to middle of eye or posterior margin of eye. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays; dorsal fin with 3 simple and 7�� branched rays, last simple ray shorter than head length; distal margin concave; origin closer to snout tip than to caudal-fin base; inserted anterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin; first branched ray longest, tip of last branched ray reaching vertical to anus. Pectoral fin with 1���2 simple and 11���14 branched rays, reaching to a point 4���7 scales anterior to pelvic-fin origin, length shorter than head length. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 7���8 branched rays, reaching to, or slightly beyond anus, not reaching anal-fin base, origin closer to anal-fin origin than to pectoral-fin origin, inserts below third or fourth branched dorsal-fin ray. Anal fin short, with 3 simple and 5�� branched rays; first branched ray longest, reaching to dark grey or black blotch on posterior caudal peduncle or slightly anterior to it; distal margin concave; origin closer to caudalfin base than to pelvic-fin origin. Anus 1���3 scales in front of anal-fin origin. Caudal fin forked; tip of lobes pointed; upper lobe longer than lower lobe. A total of 10���14 gill rakers on lower limb of first branchial arch. Lateral line complete, usually with 30���32 scales on body and 2���3 scales on caudal fin. Transverse scale rows above lateral line 4��; between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 3�� and between lateral line and anal-fin origin 3��. Circumpeduncular scale rows 12, rarely 13, 14 or 15. Predorsal scales 11���14; scales often irregularly arranged, flank scales smaller. Chest and belly scaled, scales usually absent between pectoral-fin bases; scales deeply embedded. One long axillary scale at base of pelvic fin, and 4���7, usually 6, scales between the posteriormost pelvic-fin base and anus. Pharyngeal teeth in three rows, 2.4.5���5.4.2 (n=2). Colouration. In ethanol: Head, dorsum and flank dark- or pale-grey. Single or small groups of blackish scales on flank. No midlateral stripe. Mouth, chest and abdomen dark- or pale-grey, paler than back and flank. An indistinct, roundish, large black blotch at posteriormost caudal peduncle. A black blotch at anteriormost lateral line. Fin membranes black, dusty grey or hyaline. Base of posterior branched dorsal-fin rays with a black spot, usually fused with black dorsal-fin membrane. Caudal-fin membranes black, dusty grey or hyaline; 1���2 rays above and 2���4 rays below fork black, membranes whitish. In life: Background colour brown or yellowish with single or small groups of blackish scales on flank. Individual or small groups of flank scales with orange or cream centre, head yellowish brown. Mouth, chest and abdomen dark or pale brown or cream. An indistinct, roundish, large black blotch at posteriormost caudal peduncle, absent in many individuals. A blue or black blotch at anteriormost lateral line. Fin rays yellowish or hyaline, fin membranes black, dusty grey or hyaline, usually black in dorsal fin. Iris white and orange. Upper part of mental disc blackish in some individuals, depressed rostral surface black or at least darker than proboscis and transverse lobe. Distribution. Garra sharq is endemic to Oman where it is restricted to the Wadi Dayqah drainage, including wadis Tayyin, Deema and Kabbah, which flows to the coast before entering the sea at the city of Daghmar (Fig. 2). This species also occurs in isolated falaj irrigation systems and springs in the internal basin north of Wahiba Sands. The type locality of G. sharq is pictured in Fig. 17. Etymology. The species name is derived from the Arabic word for east: sharq, for the distribution range of the species in north-eastern Oman. A noun in apposition, indeclinable. Remarks. The distribution of this species in the Wadi Dayqah drainage plus the adjacent internal basin suggests recent connections between both watersheds. While G. sharq is found in the upper Wadi Dayn and falaj irrigation systems in the city of Al-Mintirib, other falaj systems in the area are inhabited by G. gallagheri. As Garra from Wadi Dayn and Al-Mintirib were examined only for molecular characters, we cannot exclude that both species might occur in sympatry or that these are hybrid populations., Published as part of Kirchner, Sandra, Kruckenhauser, Luise, Pichler, Arthur, Borkenhagen, Kai & Freyhof, J��rg, 2020, Revision of the Garra species of the Hajar Mountains in Oman and the United Arab Emirates with the description of two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 521-545 in Zootaxa 4751 (3) on pages 538-542, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3714753, {"references":["Pichler, A., Ahnelt, H., Kirchner, S., Sattmann, H., Haring, E., Handschuh, S., Freyhof, J., Victor, R. & Kruckenhauser, L. (2018) The morphological diversity of Garra barreimiae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 101, 1053 - 1065. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 018 - 0758 - 7"]}

Garra gallagheri Krupp, 1988 (Fig. 4) Garra barreimiae gallagheri, Krupp, 1988:402 (type locality: Wadi Bani Khalid north of Muqal, 22��40���N, 59��05���E, Oman); Garra barreimiae Gallagheri Clade (Kirchner et al. submitted). Material examined. FSJF 3536, 20, 46���64 mm SL; Oman: Wadi Bani Khalid at Sayh al Hayl, 22.595��N, 59.086��E.��� FSJF 4094, 11, 47���61 mm SL; Oman: Wadi Bani Khalid north of Muqal, 22.619��N, 59.093��E.��� FSJF 4090, 2, 41���51 mm SL; Oman: Falaj in Bani Bu Ali, 22.023��N, 59.317��E.��� FSJF 4089, 6, 34���38 mm SL; Oman: Falaj in Al Mudayrib, 22.612��N, 58.667��E. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA-3248; Oman: Falaj in Bani Bu Ali, 22.023��N, 59.317��E. (GenBank accession numbers: MN830869, MN830870).���NMW-100030; NMW-100042_1; NMW- 100042_2, FSJF DNA-2578; Oman: Wadi Bani Khalid at Sayh al Hayl, 22.595��N, 59.086��E (GenBank accession numbers: MN830409, MN830410, MN830411, KX244645, KX244646, KX244647, KX244648).��� FSJF DNA- 3247; Oman: Falaj in Al Mudayrib, 22.612��N, 58.667��E. (GenBank accession number: MN 830871). Diagnosis. Garra gallagheri differs from G. barreimiae by having a plain or almost plain, greenish or black flank pattern (vs. strongly mottled), with a faint dark-green lateral stripe present in some individuals (vs. absent), orange midlateral scales on the flank absent (vs. present), orange spot at the upper opercle absent (vs. present), dorsal-fin tip not white (vs. white), and 12���14 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (vs. 15���18). Distribution. Garra gallagheri is endemic to Oman, where it is distributed in the Wadi Bani Khalid and isolated falaj irrigation systems downstream, for example in the cities Al Mudayrib and Bani Bu Ali (Fig. 2). Remarks. When Krupp (1988) described G. b. gallagheri he did not mention G. longipinnis, as this species was believed to be characterized by its very large fins (see below). Krupp also did not mention whether he examined any comparative material of G. barreimiae. He states that G. barreimiae is distributed in the coastal drainages of Oman, but this statement seems to be based on the work of Banister & Clarke (1977). Krupp distinguished G. b. gallagheri from G. b. barreimiae by possession of 8 dorsal-fin rays (vs. 7). It is likely that Krupp counted the posterior pair of fin rays based on one pterygophore (here counted as 11 / 2 rays) as two rays, thus 8 rays as counted by Krupp (1988) can be treated as 7�� rays. All 20 individuals of G. gallagheri from the type locality examined in the present study possessed 7�� branched dorsal-fin rays., Published as part of Kirchner, Sandra, Kruckenhauser, Luise, Pichler, Arthur, Borkenhagen, Kai & Freyhof, J��rg, 2020, Revision of the Garra species of the Hajar Mountains in Oman and the United Arab Emirates with the description of two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 521-545 in Zootaxa 4751 (3) on pages 528-529, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3714753, {"references":["Krupp, F. (1988) Freshwater fishes of the Wadi Batha drainage. Journal of Oman Studies Special Report, 3, 401 - 404.","Banister, K. E. & Clarke, M. A. (1977) The freshwater fishes of the Arabian Peninsula. The Scientific Results of the Oman Flora and Fauna Survey 1975. Journal Oman Studies, 1, 111 - 154."]}

Kirchner, Sandra, Kruckenhauser, Luise, Pichler, Arthur, Borkenhagen, Kai, Freyhof, Jörg (2020): Revision of the Garra species of the Hajar Mountains in Oman and the United Arab Emirates with the description of two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa 4751 (3): 521-545, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.6

The north-west alpine distributed hairy snail Trochulus clandestinus (Hartmann, 1821) was recorded for the first time from Austria. Two living specimens were found in Vorarlberg 11 July 2016. The animals were subjected to genetic barcoding and their genital organs were dissected. The taxonomic situation within north-west alpine species of the genus Trochulus is not unambiguously resolved, but the assignment of the Austrian specimens as T. clandestinus is the most reliable at the current state of knowledge. The habitat of the Austrian location concurs with those of autochthonous populations in Switzerland. Nevertheless, for now it cannot be clearly stated whether the species settled in Vorarlberg directly after the end of the last glaciation or whether the current finding is a result of recent anthropogenic introduction.

Sampling site information. spId: sampling Id; IndId COI: individuals for which the COI was sequenced; IndId ms: individuals which were analyzed with microsatellites; geographic information (PDF 438Â kb)

Neighbour joining tree of the COI sequences. Each individual is defined by an individual Id, the origin of geographic region, and the Id of the sampling sites. For relevant nodes, bootstrap values are indicated. (PDF 1433Â kb)

All voucher specimens were deposited in the Mollusca collection of the 3rd Zoological Department of the Natural History Museum Vienna (NHMW109000/AL/number of group/individual number). The numbers behind the last slash correspond to those in Additional file 4: Table S2. (PDF 573Â kb)

Nucleotide and haplotype diversity (standard deviation in parentheses) calculated for geographic regions. Ni = number of individuals, Nl = number of localities, H = number of haplotypes, h = haplotype diversity, pi = nucleotide diversity. (PDF 324 kb)

Summarising in a rarefaction approach the Allelic Richness of sample size g = 10, g = 20, and g = 30 and the mean number of private alleles multiplied by 10 of g = 12. The groupings of the mt haplotypes (west, central, east) and populations with low or no selfing versus high selfing are indicated. (PDF 1431 kb)

Principle component analyses (PCA) of microsatellite and sequence data. (PDF 1565Â kb)

Isolation By Distance (IBD) as calculated for the whole microsatellite data set; the western together with the central populations; and for the eastern population separately. (PDF 1463Â kb)