7 results on '"Kroopnick JM"'
Search Results
2. Development of new hormonal male contraception for the couple.
- Author
-
Kroopnick JM, Lee MS, and Blithe DL
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Testosterone therapeutic use, Hormonal Contraception, Administration, Cutaneous, Gels, Contraceptive Agents, Hormonal, Norprogesterones therapeutic use, Androgens therapeutic use, Androgens adverse effects, Contraceptive Agents, Male therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Current options for male contraception are limited to condoms, the withdrawal method, or a vasectomy. Studies indicate that men have expressed growing interest in bearing responsibility for family planning., Objectives: To review prior studies investigating the role of an androgen-only or androgen with progestin regimen for hormonal male contraception and to provide an update of a promising new hormonal agent, a transdermal gel., Discussion: Thus far, there have been six studies conducted in couples evaluating the contraceptive efficacy of an androgen-only or androgen co-administered with a progestin regimen for hormonal male contraception. The only ongoing study is by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, in collaboration with the Population Council. They have developed a novel transdermal gel containing testosterone and segesterone acetate (Nestorone), a progestin. An ongoing phase II study enrolling more than 460 couples has shown great potential with respect to the product's efficacy, safety, reversibility, and acceptability. As this agent advances in development, a rapid at-home test for sperm concentration will provide couples with immediate feedback regarding their potential for pregnancy., Conclusion: There is promise for the first-of-its-kind hormonal male contraceptive, a transdermal gel, to achieve market approval for distribution in the United States and elsewhere. Its safety, efficacy, reversibility, and user-control are all appealing qualities that make it readily adoptable for clinical practice., (Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Andrology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Novel progestogenic androgens for male contraception: design, synthesis, and activity of C7 α-substituted testosterone†.
- Author
-
Lee MS, Bunin DI, Furimsky AM, Nguyen D, Parman T, Kim K, Rausch L, Lin MT, Gupta P, Brown JE, Kroopnick JM, and Blithe DL
- Subjects
- Male, Rats, Rabbits, Animals, Humans, Androgens pharmacology, Androgens metabolism, Testosterone, Progestins pharmacology, Methyltestosterone, Contraception, Nandrolone pharmacology, Nandrolone metabolism, Contraceptive Agents, Male pharmacology, Prodrugs
- Abstract
Male contraceptive development has included use of testosterone (T) with or without a progestin or the use of a single molecule such as progestogenic androgens (PA) for suppression of testicular T production. Expanding upon the vast amount of data accumulated from nortestosterone (NT), NT analogs, and their prodrugs, a new series of PA, the C7 methyl, and ethyl α-substituted T analogs 7α-Methyltestosterone (7α-MT) and 7α-Ethyltestosterone (7α-ET), respectively, were hypothesized and designed to have superior androgenic and progestogenic activities when compared with parent T. Results from androgen receptor and progesterone receptor competitive binding and transcriptional activation assays showed favorable activities for these T analogs. Additionally, 7α-MT and 7α-ET were shown to be active substrates for aromatase in vitro, mitigating a potential negative impact on bone mineral density with long-term use. In conjunction with this observation, the diminished metabolism of these T analogs by 5α-reductase may reduce potential concerns for prostatic growth. In the Hershberger in vivo rat bioassay, 7α-MT and 7α-ET showed superior androgenic and anabolic activities as compared with T. These C7 α-substituted T analogs also showed clear progestogenic activity in the McPhail bioassay which evaluated endometrial glandular arborization in a rabbit model. The discovery of aromatizable molecules with reduced metabolism by 5α-reductase that have androgenic, anabolic, and progestogenic properties indicates that the core and/or prodrugs of 7α-MT and 7α-ET are promising molecules for further development as male contraceptive PAs., (Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction 2023.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The role of Recent Pharmacotherapeutic Options on the Management of Treatment Resistant Type 2 Diabetes.
- Author
-
Kroopnick JM and Davis SN
- Subjects
- Blood Glucose, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor agonists, Glycated Hemoglobin analysis, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors therapeutic use
- Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex progressive disease leading to chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell failure. Intensification of treatment regimens is often necessary due to the overall decline in insulin secretion. Unfortunately, many patients are unable to achieve optimal glycemic control despite the standard of care and thus may be classified as 'treatment resistant'., Areas Covered: Newer pharmacotherapeutic agents, either injectable or oral, such as Glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are, herein, described. These agents can be used as single agents or fixed combinations that reduce glycemia while lessening the risk for hypoglycemia and renal and cardiovascular diseases., Expert Opinion: If individualized target HbA1c is not obtained despite diet, lifestyle, and metformin therapy, then additional oral and injectable therapies should be considered. This may include newer agents such as GLP-1RA and SGLT2 inhibitors alone or in combination that provide renal protection and reduce cardiovascular and hypoglycemic risks. These newer agents have substantial potential for lowering HbA1c through differing but complementary mechanisms. Use of new insulin analogs with GLP-1RA preparations either alone or in fixed-ratio combinations, such as glargine/lixisenatide and degludec/liraglutide, can also reduce the multiple drug adherence burden while improving glycemic control.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Attributed to Cosecretion of PTH and PTHRP in Lung Adenocarcinoma.
- Author
-
Kroopnick JM, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Tuluc M, and Kim CS
- Abstract
Introduction: Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) portends a very poor prognosis, and no established guidelines exist regarding its management. Most instances of HCM are due to local osteolysis or secretion of parathyroid hormone related-peptide, while less than 1% of all cases are due to ectopic secretion of parathyroid hormone., Case Report: We present an unusual case of HCM due to proposed cosecretion of both parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related protein in a 36-year-old man with a poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma. The patient's hypercalcemia was refractory to conventional measures, including intravenous bisphosphonate therapy (zoledronic acid), and was improved with administration of denosumab., Conclusion: This is the youngest and first case of hypercalcemia of malignancy attributed to cosecretion of PTH and PTHrP from an adenocarcinoma. In refractory cases of HCM, denosumab is a potential option when other conventional measures are unsuccessful.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Development of autoimmune diabetes with severe diabetic ketoacidosis and immune-related thyroiditis secondary to durvalumab: a case report.
- Author
-
Lopes AR, Russo A, Li AY, McCusker MG, Kroopnick JM, Scilla K, Mehra R, and Rolfo C
- Abstract
Immune-mediated endocrinopathies are among the most frequent immune-related adverse events (irAEs) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/PD-1. However, the development of auto-immune diabetes is an uncommon event during PD(L)-1 blockade, either as monotherapy or in combination therapy. Here we report a case of a 75-year-old male with a mediastinal recurrence from a stage IA squamous cell carcinoma of the lung previously treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) who early developed a severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) caused by new-onset auto-immune diabetes, with positive glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) autoantibodies, during durvalumab consolidation therapy after concurrent chemoradiation. The patient had no personal or family history of diabetes or auto-immune diseases and was admitted after the second cycle of durvalumab to the intensive care unit (ICU) with severe DKA. During his hospitalization, insulin and fluid therapy were started and the patient had a favorable clinical course. Durvalumab treatment was interrupted and thyroiditis was verified during follow-up, without anti-thyroid antibodies, that progressed to subsequent hypothyroidism with need of thyroid hormone replacement therapy. This case highlights the rare irAE of autoimmune type 1 diabetes during anti-PD(L)-1 therapy, which can be life-threatening and requires adequate patient education and prompt medical treatment within a multidisciplinary team, including endocrinology and emergency medicine. Besides its low incidence, this case show how irAE must be taken in account about decision of ICI treatment, especially in curative setting, as they can be potentially fatal and impair overall survival. Furthermore, as reported in the present case, multiple endocrine irAEs can occur in the same patient either simultaneously or sequentially, suggesting that active surveillance is needed in those who develop endocrinopathies as a result of ICI treatment. Immune-mediated endocrinopathies are generally irreversible and cause life-long morbidity, which must be taken into consideration when deciding on further lines of treatment., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tlcr-20-408). RM reports grants from Merck and Astra Zeneca, personal fees from Bayer outside the submitted work. CR reports grants from MSD, Astra Zeneca, ARCHER, Inivata, Merck Serono, Mylan and Lung Cancer Research Foundation-Pfizer, non-financial support from Oncopass, Guardant Health and Biomark Inc., outside the submitted work. AR reports consultancy/advisory role for Astra Zeneca, MSD and Roche outside the submitted work. The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare., (2020 Translational Lung Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Overview of Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy.
- Author
-
Kroopnick JM and Kim CS
- Subjects
- Biomarkers blood, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Hypothyroidism blood, Hypothyroidism etiology, Iodine deficiency, Iodine therapeutic use, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications blood, Pregnancy Complications prevention & control, Thyroid Function Tests, Thyroid Gland physiology, Thyrotropin blood, Thyroxine blood, Thyroxine therapeutic use, Hypothyroidism drug therapy, Pregnancy Complications drug therapy, Thyrotropin therapeutic use
- Abstract
Overt hypothyroidism in pregnancy, defined as an elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and reduced serum free thyroxine or a TSH >10 mIU/L, is known to have adverse effects on pregnancy. Subclinical hypothyroidism is typically defined as an elevated TSH and normal FT4 levels. There remains much controversy on the benefit of starting levothyroxine for mothers diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism. Recent studies are redefining the normal range for TSH in pregnancy, and the data on whether treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism improves outcomes for the mother and fetus are unclear. One confounding variable is the presence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies, as it may be a surrogate marker for other autoimmune disorders detrimental to pregnancy. If levothyroxine treatment is initiated, the dosing and monitoring strategy is different from nonpregnant individuals. Randomized clinical trials are underway that may better elucidate whether treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism is warranted., (Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.