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1. Ecosystem function after the K/Pg extinction: decoupling of marine carbon pump and diversity

Author

Birch, Heather, Schmidt, Daniela N, Coxall, Helen K, Kroon, Dick, and Ridgwell, Andy

Subjects
Life Below Water, Carbon Isotopes, Ecosystem, Extinction, Biological, Foraminifera, Fossils, Oceans and Seas, Plankton, K, Pg, biological pump, planktic foraminifera, ecosystem function, ecology, K/Pg, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

The ocean biological pump is the mechanism by which carbon and nutrients are transported to depth. As such, the biological pump is critical in the partitioning of carbon dioxide between the ocean and atmosphere, and the rate at which that carbon can be sequestered through burial in marine sediments. How the structure and function of planktic ecosystems in the ocean govern the strength and efficiency of the biological pump and its resilience to disruption are poorly understood. The aftermath of the impact at the Cretaceous/Palaeogene (K/Pg) boundary provides an ideal opportunity to address these questions as both the biological pump and marine plankton size and diversity were fundamentally disrupted. The excellent fossil record of planktic foraminifera as indicators of pelagic-biotic recovery combined with carbon isotope records tracing biological pump behaviour, show that the recovery of ecological traits (diversity, size and photosymbiosis) occurred much later (approx. 4.3 Ma) than biological pump recovery (approx. 1.8 Ma). We interpret this decoupling of diversity and the biological pump as an indication that ecosystem function had sufficiently recovered to drive an effective biological pump, at least regionally in the South Atlantic.

Published
2021

2. An astronomically dated record of Earth’s climate and its predictability over the last 66 million years

Author

Westerhold, Thomas, Marwan, Norbert, Drury, Anna Joy, Liebrand, Diederik, Agnini, Claudia, Anagnostou, Eleni, Barnet, James SK, Bohaty, Steven M, De Vleeschouwer, David, Florindo, Fabio, Frederichs, Thomas, Hodell, David A, Holbourn, Ann E, Kroon, Dick, Lauretano, Vittoria, Littler, Kate, Lourens, Lucas J, Lyle, Mitchell, Pälike, Heiko, Röhl, Ursula, Tian, Jun, Wilkens, Roy H, Wilson, Paul A, and Zachos, James C

Subjects
Climate Action, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Much of our understanding of Earth's past climate comes from the measurement of oxygen and carbon isotope variations in deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Yet, long intervals in existing records lack the temporal resolution and age control needed to thoroughly categorize climate states of the Cenozoic era and to study their dynamics. Here, we present a new, highly resolved, astronomically dated, continuous composite of benthic foraminifer isotope records developed in our laboratories. Four climate states-Hothouse, Warmhouse, Coolhouse, Icehouse-are identified on the basis of their distinctive response to astronomical forcing depending on greenhouse gas concentrations and polar ice sheet volume. Statistical analysis of the nonlinear behavior encoded in our record reveals the key role that polar ice volume plays in the predictability of Cenozoic climate dynamics.

Published
2020

3. On impact and volcanism across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary

Author

Hull, Pincelli M, Bornemann, André, Penman, Donald E, Henehan, Michael J, Norris, Richard D, Wilson, Paul A, Blum, Peter, Alegret, Laia, Batenburg, Sietske J, Bown, Paul R, Bralower, Timothy J, Cournede, Cecile, Deutsch, Alexander, Donner, Barbara, Friedrich, Oliver, Jehle, Sofie, Kim, Hojung, Kroon, Dick, Lippert, Peter C, Loroch, Dominik, Moebius, Iris, Moriya, Kazuyoshi, Peppe, Daniel J, Ravizza, Gregory E, Röhl, Ursula, Schueth, Jonathan D, Sepúlveda, Julio, Sexton, Philip F, Sibert, Elizabeth C, Śliwińska, Kasia K, Summons, Roger E, Thomas, Ellen, Westerhold, Thomas, Whiteside, Jessica H, Yamaguchi, Tatsuhiko, and Zachos, James C

Subjects
Carbon Cycle, Carbon Dioxide, Extinction, Biological, Global Warming, Mexico, Models, Theoretical, Volcanic Eruptions, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The cause of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction is vigorously debated, owing to the occurrence of a very large bolide impact and flood basalt volcanism near the boundary. Disentangling their relative importance is complicated by uncertainty regarding kill mechanisms and the relative timing of volcanogenic outgassing, impact, and extinction. We used carbon cycle modeling and paleotemperature records to constrain the timing of volcanogenic outgassing. We found support for major outgassing beginning and ending distinctly before the impact, with only the impact coinciding with mass extinction and biologically amplified carbon cycle change. Our models show that these extinction-related carbon cycle changes would have allowed the ocean to absorb massive amounts of carbon dioxide, thus limiting the global warming otherwise expected from postextinction volcanism.

Published
2020

12. Magnetic properties of early Pliocene sediments from IODP Site U1467 (Maldives platform) reveal changes in the monsoon system

Author

Lanci, Luca, Zanella, Elena, Jovane, Luigi, Galeotti, Simone, Alonso-García, Montserrat, Alvarez-Zarikian, Carlos A., Bejugam, Nagender Nath, Betzler, Christian, Bialik, Or M., Blättler, Clara L., Eberli, Gregor P., Guo, Junhua Adam, Haffen, Sébastien, Horozal, Senay, Inoue, Mayuri, Kroon, Dick, Laya, Juan Carlos, Mee, Anna Ling Hui, Lüdmann, Thomas, Nakakuni, Masatoshi, Niino, Kaoru, Petruny, Loren M., Pratiwi, Santi D., Reijmer, John J.G., Reolid, Jesús, Slagle, Angela L., Sloss, Craig R., Su, Xiang, Swart, Peter K., Wright, James D., Yao, Zhengquan, and Young, Jeremy R.

Published
2019
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13. Carbonate delta drift: A new sediment drift type

Author

Lüdmann, Thomas, Betzler, Christian, Eberli, Gregor P., Reolid, Jesús, Reijmer, John J.G., Sloss, Craig R., Bialik, Or M., Alvarez-Zarikian, Carlos A., Alonso-García, Montserrat, Blättler, Clara L., Guo, Junhua Adam, Haffen, Sébastien, Horozal, Senay, Inoue, Mayuri, Jovane, Luigi, Kroon, Dick, Lanci, Luca, Laya, Juan Carlos, Mee, Anna Ling Hui, Nakakuni, Masatoshi, Nath, B. Nagender, Niino, Kaoru, Petruny, Loren M., Pratiwi, Santi D., Slagle, Angela L., Su, Xiang, Swart, Peter K., Wright, James D., Yao, Zhengquan, and Young, Jeremy R.

Published
2018
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15. Evolution of the early Antarctic ice ages

Author

Liebrand, Diederik, de Bakker, Anouk T. M., Beddow, Helen M., Wilson, Paul A., Bohaty, Steven M., Ruessink, Gerben, Pälike, Heiko, Batenburg, Sietske J., Hilgen, Frederik J., Hodell, David A., Huck, Claire E., Kroon, Dick, Raffi, Isabella, Saes, Mischa J. M., van Dijk, Arnold E., and Lourens, Lucas J.

Published
2017

21. Orbital pacing of Southeast Atlantic carbonate deposition since the Oligocene (30-0 Ma): tracing entwined climate and carbon cycle interactions

Author

Drury, Anna Joy, primary, Liebrand, Diederik, additional, Westerhold, Thomas, additional, Beddow, Helen M., additional, De Vleeschouwer, David, additional, Hodell, David A., additional, Rohlfs, Nina, additional, Wilkens, Roy H., additional, Lyle, Mitchell, additional, Bell, David B., additional, Kroon, Dick, additional, Pälike, Heiko, additional, and Lourens, Lucas J., additional

Published
2023
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24. Correction to: A two million year record of low-latitude aridity linked to continental weathering from the Maldives

Author

Kunkelova, Tereza, Jung, Simon J. A., de Leau, Erica S., Odling, Nick, Thomas, Alex L., Betzler, Christian, Eberli, Gregor P., Alvarez-Zarikian, Carlos A., Alonso-García, Montserrat, Bialik, Or M., Blättler, Clara L., Guo, Junhua Adam, Haffen, Sébastien, Horozal, Senay, Mee, Anna Ling Hui, Inoue, Mayuri, Jovane, Luigi, Lanci, Luca, Laya, Juan Carlos, Lüdmann, Thomas, Bejugam, Nagender N., Nakakuni, Masatoshi, Niino, Kaoru, Petruny, Loren M., Pratiwi, Santi D., Reijmer, John J. G., Reolid, Jesús, Slagle, Angela L., Sloss, Craig R., Su, Xiang, Swart, Peter K., Wright, James D., Yao, Zhengquan, Young, Jeremy R., Lindhorst, Sebastian, Stainbank, Stephanie, Rueggeberg, Andres, Spezzaferri, Silvia, Carrasqueira, Igor, Yu, Siyao, and Kroon, Dick

Published
2019
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25. A two million year record of low-latitude aridity linked to continental weathering from the Maldives

Author

Kunkelova, Tereza, Jung, Simon J. A., de Leau, Erica S., Odling, Nick, Thomas, Alex L., Betzler, Christian, Eberli, Gregor P., Alvarez-Zarikian, Carlos A., Alonso-García, Montserrat, Bialik, Or M., Blättler, Clara L., Guo, Junhua Adam, Haffen, Sébastien, Horozal, Senay, Mee, Anna Ling Hui, Inoue, Mayuri, Jovane, Luigi, Lanci, Luca, Laya, Juan Carlos, Lüdmann, Thomas, Bejugam, Nagender N., Nakakuni, Masatoshi, Niino, Kaoru, Petruny, Loren M., Pratiwi, Santi D., Reijmer, John J. G., Reolid, Jesús, Slagle, Angela L., Sloss, Craig R., Su, Xiang, Swart, Peter K., Wright, James D., Yao, Zhengquan, Young, Jeremy R., Lindhorst, Sebastian, Stainbank, Stephanie, Rueggeberg, Andres, Spezzaferri, Silvia, Carrasqueira, Igor, Yu, Siyao, and Kroon, Dick

Published
2018
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34. Climate, cryosphere and carbon cycle controls on Southeast Atlantic orbital-scale carbonate deposition since the Oligocene (30–0 Ma)

Author

Drury, Anna Joy, Liebrand, Diederik, Westerhold, Thomas, Beddow, Helen M., Hodell, David A., Rohlfs, Nina, Wilkens, Roy H., Lyle, Mitchell, Bell, David B., Kroon, Dick, Pälike, Heiko, and Lourens, Lucas J.

Abstract

The evolution of the Cenozoic cryosphere from unipolar to bipolar over the past 30 million years (Myr) is broadly known. Highly resolved records of carbonate (CaCO3) content provide insight into the evolution of regional and global climate, cryosphere, and carbon cycle dynamics. Here, we generate the first Southeast Atlantic CaCO3 content record spanning the last 30 Myr, derived from X-ray fluorescence (XRF) ln(Ca / Fe) data collected at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1264 (Walvis Ridge, SE Atlantic Ocean). We present a comprehensive and continuous depth and age model for the entirety of Site 1264 (∼ 316 m; 30 Myr). This constitutes a key reference framework for future palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic studies at this location. We identify three phases with distinctly different orbital controls on Southeast Atlantic CaCO3 deposition, corresponding to major developments in climate, the cryosphere and the carbon cycle: (1) strong ∼ 110 kyr eccentricity pacing prevails during Oligocene–Miocene global warmth (∼ 30–13 Ma), (2) increased eccentricity-modulated precession pacing appears after the middle Miocene Climate Transition (mMCT) (∼ 14–8 Ma), and (3) pervasive obliquity pacing appears in the late Miocene (∼ 7.7–3.3 Ma) following greater importance of high-latitude processes, such as increased glacial activity and high-latitude cooling. The lowest CaCO3 content (92 %–94 %) occurs between 18.5 and 14.5 Ma, potentially reflecting dissolution caused by widespread early Miocene warmth and preceding Antarctic deglaciation across the Miocene Climatic Optimum (∼ 17–14.5 Ma) by 1.5 Myr. The emergence of precession pacing of CaCO3 deposition at Site 1264 after ∼ 14 Ma could signal a reorganisation of surface and/or deep-water circulation in this region following Antarctic reglaciation at the mMCT. The increased sensitivity to precession at Site 1264 between 14 and 13 Ma is associated with an increase in mass accumulation rates (MARs) and reflects increased regional CaCO3 productivity and/or recurrent influxes of cooler, less corrosive deep waters. The highest carbonate content (%CaCO3) and MARs indicate that the late Miocene–early Pliocene Biogenic Bloom (LMBB) occurs between ∼ 7.8 and 3.3 Ma at Site 1264; broadly contemporaneous with the LMBB in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. At Site 1264, the onset of the LMBB roughly coincides with appearance of strong obliquity pacing of %CaCO3, reflecting increased high-latitude forcing. The global expression of the LMBB may reflect increased nutrient input into the global ocean resulting from enhanced aeolian dust and/or glacial/chemical weathering fluxes, due to enhanced glacial activity and increased meridional temperature gradients. Regional variability in the timing and amplitude of the LMBB may be driven by regional differences in cooling, continental aridification and/or changes in ocean circulation in the late Miocene.

Published
2021

36. Climate, cryosphere and carbon cycle controls on Southeast Atlantic orbital-scale carbonate deposition since the Oligocene (30–0 Ma)

Author

Drury, Anna Joy, primary, Liebrand, Diederik, additional, Westerhold, Thomas, additional, Beddow, Helen M., additional, Hodell, David A., additional, Rohlfs, Nina, additional, Wilkens, Roy H., additional, Lyle, Mitchell, additional, Bell, David B., additional, Kroon, Dick, additional, Pälike, Heiko, additional, and Lourens, Lucas J., additional

Published
2021
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37. Late Miocene Onset of Tasman Leakage and Southern Hemisphere Supergyre Ushers in Near‐Modern Circulation

Author

Christensen, Beth A., primary, De Vleeschouwer, David, additional, Henderiks, Jorijntje, additional, Groeneveld, Jeroen, additional, Auer, Gerald, additional, Drury, Anna Joy, additional, Karatsolis, Boris Theofanis, additional, Lyu, Jing, additional, Betzler, Christian, additional, Eberli, Gregor P., additional, and Kroon, Dick, additional

Published
2021
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38. List of Reviewers

Author

Bach, Wolfgang, primary, Backmann, Jan, additional, Bailey, Ian, additional, Barrett, Peter, additional, Christeson, Gail, additional, Coffin, Mike, additional, Cronin, Thomas M., additional, Droxler, André, additional, Dullo, Christian, additional, Fulton, Patrick, additional, Gieskes, Joris, additional, Gischler, Eberhard, additional, Harris, Rob, additional, von Huene, Roland, additional, Jansen, Eystein, additional, Kaksonen, Anna H., additional, Kaminski, Mike, additional, Kroon, Dick, additional, Lever, Mark A., additional, Lloyd, Karen G., additional, McCaig, Andrew, additional, McNeil, Lisa, additional, Mills, Heath, additional, Morgan, Juli, additional, Nakagawa, Satoshi, additional, Naafs, David, additional, Neal, Clive, additional, Wheat, Geoff, additional, de Santis, Laura, additional, Schippers, Axel, additional, Sievert, Stefan, additional, Sinton, John, additional, Smith, David C., additional, Spinelli, Glenn, additional, Spormann, Alfred, additional, Suzuki, Yohey, additional, and Wilkens, Roy, additional

Published
2014
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40. Figure S1 - Locations of data; Figure S2 - The stratigraphic range of Palaeocene taxa at Site 1262; Figure S3 - Summed coefficient of variation metric (∑CV) ranked in order.; Table S2 – Ecological groupings used in this study.; Raw data (species, size and weights) from Ecosystem function after the K/Pg extinction: decoupling of marine carbon pump and diversity

Author

Birch, Heather, Schmidt, Daniela N., Coxall, Helen K., Kroon, Dick, and Ridgwell, Andy

Abstract

Figure S1 - Location of ODP Site 1262 at Walvis Ridge, South East Atlantic in yellow. Plate reconstruction for the K/Pg interval created using the R package Chronosphere and Seton et al. (2012) configuration [1]. Additional sites discussed in the text are also included in red.; Figure S2 - The stratigraphic range of Palaeocene taxa at Site 1262. Colours denote ecogroups, Green = surface symbiotic, Light blue = transitional, dark blue= thermocline and orange = survivors and opportunists (see methods for full details). Ages are based on the tuning of the records to the latest orbital solution La2011, [2]. Horizontal black dashed line represents the K/Pg boundary and coloured numbered lines relate to significant steps in the recovery process; 1 – initial partial recovery of the surface-to-deep carbon gradients, 2 – ‘Full’ carbon gradient recovery, 3 –appearance of photosymbiotic ecologies (see [3] for details) and 4 – ‘Full’ planktic biotic recovery.; Figure S3 – Summed coefficient of variation metric (∑CV) ranked in order. Red dashed line indicates an inflection point at the higher values of (∑CV), denoting above background variation (following the method of [4,5].; Table S2 – Ecological groupings used in this study. The transitional taxa are those taxa lineages that start out as thermocline dwellers, but later adopt a surface and/or symbiotic ecology. Within the Eoglobigerina lineage, E. eobulloides and E. edita are thermocline dwellers whereas E. spiralis is a surface dweller [6–8]. Within the Pramurica lineage, P. taurica and early P. pseudoinconstans and P. inconstans were thermocline dwellers, but later P. pseudoinconstans and P. inconstans and P. uncinata were surface symbiotic species [8]. For Cretaceous taxa, where no species-specific data was available the generic level ecogroup was used.; Raw data used in this study.

Published
2021
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41. Climate, cryosphere and carbon cycle controls on Southeast Atlantic orbital-scale carbonate deposition since the Oligocene (30-0 Ma)

Author

Stratigraphy & paleontology, Stratigraphy and paleontology, Drury, Anna Joy, Liebrand, Diederik, Westerhold, Thomas, Beddow, Helen M., Hodell, David A., Rohlfs, Nina, Wilkens, Roy H., Lyle, Mitchell, Bell, David B., Kroon, Dick, Pälike, Heiko, Lourens, Lucas J., Stratigraphy & paleontology, Stratigraphy and paleontology, Drury, Anna Joy, Liebrand, Diederik, Westerhold, Thomas, Beddow, Helen M., Hodell, David A., Rohlfs, Nina, Wilkens, Roy H., Lyle, Mitchell, Bell, David B., Kroon, Dick, Pälike, Heiko, and Lourens, Lucas J.

Published
2021

42. Late Miocene Onset of Tasman Leakage and Southern Hemisphere Supergyre Ushers in Near-Modern Circulation

Author

Christensen, Beth A., De Vleeschouwer, David, Henderiks, Jorijntje, Groeneveld, Jeroen, Auer, Gerald, Drury, Anna Joy, Karatsolis, Boris-Theofanis, Lyu, Jing, Betzler, Christian, Eberli, Gregor P., Kroon, Dick, Christensen, Beth A., De Vleeschouwer, David, Henderiks, Jorijntje, Groeneveld, Jeroen, Auer, Gerald, Drury, Anna Joy, Karatsolis, Boris-Theofanis, Lyu, Jing, Betzler, Christian, Eberli, Gregor P., and Kroon, Dick

Abstract

This study provides a Miocene-to-recent history of Tasman Leakage (TL), driving surface-to-intermediate waters from the Pacific into the Indian Ocean. TL, in addition to Indonesian ThroughFlow (ITF), constitutes an important part of the Southern Hemisphere Supergyre. Here, we employ deep-sea benthic delta C-13 timeseries from the southwestern Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans to identify the history of Tasman Leakage. The delta C-13 results combined with sedimentary evidence show that an inter-ocean connection south of Australia existed from 7 Ma onward. A southward shift in Westerlies combined with a northward movement of Australia created the oceanic corridor necessary for Tasman Leakage (between Australia and the sub-Antarctic Front) at this time. Furthermore, changes in the northern limb of the Supergyre (ITF) are evident in the sedimentary record on Broken Ridge from similar to 3 to 2 Ma when Banda Sea intermediate waters started originating from the North Pacific.

Published
2021
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43. Microfacies evidence for the evolution of Miocene coral-reef environments in Cyprus

Author

Coletti, G, Balmer, E, Bialik, O, Cannings, T, Kroon, D, Robertson, A, Basso, D, Coletti, Giovanni, Balmer, Elizabeth M., Bialik, Or M., Cannings, Torin, Kroon, Dick, Robertson, Alastair H. F., Basso, Daniela, Coletti, G, Balmer, E, Bialik, O, Cannings, T, Kroon, D, Robertson, A, Basso, D, Coletti, Giovanni, Balmer, Elizabeth M., Bialik, Or M., Cannings, Torin, Kroon, Dick, Robertson, Alastair H. F., and Basso, Daniela

Abstract

Cyprus is one of the few areas of the Mediterranean where lower and upper Miocene coral-reefs occur in close proximity and is thus well suited to investigate how environmental and geological changes affected the reefs and their associated shallow-marine facies. The prevailing environmental conditions of the lower Miocene Terra Member and of the upper Miocene Koronia Member are reconstructed here, using detailed microfacies comparisons of the skeletal, foraminiferal and calcareous algal assemblages. The lower Miocene reefs are characterised by a higher biodiversity of coralline algae, large benthic foraminifera and corals, and mainly developed in slightly deeper water (20–40 m, lower euphotic zone) than the upper Miocene reefs (< 15 m; upper euphotic zone). The reduced late Miocene biodiversity was probably caused by changes in the Mediterranean marine environment (e.g. increased seasonality), possibly in response to global cooling, increased latitudinal gradients and progressive isolation of the basin. The observed shift of the reef environment towards the upper euphotic zone could be explained as a response to late Miocene physical oceanographic setting, notably temperature changes, which could have made the upper euphotic zone more favourable for certain hermatypic corals. Similarities between the Miocene carbonate facies of Cyprus and the Eratosthenes Seamount directly to the south, and elsewhere in the Mediterranean region (e.g., Corsica; Italy; Spain), suggest that the environmental changes inferred for the Miocene of Cyprus operated on a Mediterranean or even wider scale.

Published
2021

46. Disentangling controls and orbital pacing of South-East Atlantic carbonate deposition since the Oligocene (30-0 Ma)

Author

Drury, Anna Joy, primary, Liebrand, Diederik, additional, Westerhold, Thomas, additional, Beddow, Helen M., additional, Hodell, David A., additional, Rohlfs, Nina, additional, Wilkens, Roy H., additional, Lyle, Mitchell W., additional, Bell, David B., additional, Kroon, Dick, additional, Pälike, Heiko, additional, and Lourens, Lucas J., additional

Published
2021
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48. An astronomically dated record of Earth's climate and its predictability over the last 66 million years

Author

Stratigraphy and paleontology, Stratigraphy & paleontology, Westerhold, Thomas, Marwan, Norbert, Drury, Anna Joy, Liebrand, Diederik, Agnini, Claudia, Anagnostou, Eleni, Barnet, James S.K., Bohaty, Steven M., De Vleeschouwer, David, Florindo, Fabio, Frederichs, Thomas, Hodell, David A., Holbourn, Ann E., Kroon, Dick, Lauretano, Vittoria, Littler, Kate, Lourens, Lucas J., Lyle, Mitchell, Pälike, Heiko, Röhl, Ursula, Tian, Jun, Wilkens, Roy H., Wilson, Paul A., Zachos, James C., Stratigraphy and paleontology, Stratigraphy & paleontology, Westerhold, Thomas, Marwan, Norbert, Drury, Anna Joy, Liebrand, Diederik, Agnini, Claudia, Anagnostou, Eleni, Barnet, James S.K., Bohaty, Steven M., De Vleeschouwer, David, Florindo, Fabio, Frederichs, Thomas, Hodell, David A., Holbourn, Ann E., Kroon, Dick, Lauretano, Vittoria, Littler, Kate, Lourens, Lucas J., Lyle, Mitchell, Pälike, Heiko, Röhl, Ursula, Tian, Jun, Wilkens, Roy H., Wilson, Paul A., and Zachos, James C.

Published
2020

49. Coupled evolution of temperature and carbonate chemistry during the Paleocene–Eocene; new trace element records from the low latitude Indian Ocean

Author

Barnet, James S.K., Harper, Dustin T., LeVay, Leah J., Edgar, Kirsty M., Henehan, Michael J., Babila, Tali L., Ullmann, Clemens V., Leng, Melanie J., Kroon, Dick, Zachos, James C., Littler, Kate, Barnet, James S.K., Harper, Dustin T., LeVay, Leah J., Edgar, Kirsty M., Henehan, Michael J., Babila, Tali L., Ullmann, Clemens V., Leng, Melanie J., Kroon, Dick, Zachos, James C., and Littler, Kate

Abstract

The early Paleogene represents the most recent interval in Earth's history characterized by global greenhouse warmth on multi-million year timescales, yet our understanding of long-term climate and carbon cycle evolution in the low latitudes, and in particular the Indian Ocean, remains very poorly constrained. Here we present the first long-term sub-eccentricity-resolution stable isotope ( and ) and trace element (Mg/Ca and B/Ca) records spanning the late Paleocene–early Eocene (∼58–53 Ma) across a surface–deep hydrographic reconstruction of the northern Indian Ocean, resolving late Paleocene 405-kyr paced cyclicity and a portion of the PETM recovery. Our new records reveal a long-term warming of ∼4–5 °C at all depths in the water column, with absolute surface ocean temperatures and magnitudes of warming comparable to the low latitude Pacific. As a result of warming, we observe a long-term increase in of the mixed layer, implying an increase in net evaporation. We also observe a collapse in the temperature gradient between mixed layer- and thermocline-dwelling species from ∼57–54 Ma, potentially due to either the development of a more homogeneous water column with a thicker mixed layer, or depth migration of the Morozovella in response to warming. Synchronous warming at both low and high latitudes, along with decreasing B/Ca ratios in planktic foraminifera indicating a decrease in ocean pH and/or increasing dissolved inorganic carbon, suggest that global climate was forced by rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations during this time.

Published
2020

50. Correction to:A two million year record of low-latitude aridity linked to continental weathering from the Maldives (Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, (2018), 5, 1, (86), 10.1186/s40645-018-0238-x)

Author

Kunkelova, Tereza, Jung, Simon J.A., de Leau, Erica S., Odling, Nick, Thomas, Alex L., Betzler, Christian, Eberli, Gregor P., Alvarez-Zarikian, Carlos A., Alonso-García, Montserrat, Bialik, Or M., Blättler, Clara L., Guo, Junhua Adam, Haffen, Sébastien, Horozal, Senay, Mee, Anna Ling Hui, Inoue, Mayuri, Jovane, Luigi, Lanci, Luca, Laya, Juan Carlos, Lüdmann, Thomas, Bejugam, Nagender N., Nakakuni, Masatoshi, Niino, Kaoru, Petruny, Loren M., Pratiwi, Santi D., Reijmer, John J.G., Reolid, Jesús, Slagle, Angela L., Sloss, Craig R., Su, Xiang, Swart, Peter K., Wright, James D., Yao, Zhengquan, Young, Jeremy R., Lindhorst, Sebastian, Stainbank, Stephanie, Rueggeberg, Andres, Spezzaferri, Silvia, Carrasqueira, Igor, Yu, Siyao, Kroon, Dick, Marine Biogeology, and Earth Sciences

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)
Abstract

In the original version of this article (Kunkelova et al. 2018), published on 18 December 2018, there was 1 error in the author name of Dr. Yu. Originally the author name was published as: Siyao Hu The correct name is: Siyao Yu The original publication of this article has been corrected.

Published
2019

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