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Carbonfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe (CFK) sind aufgrund ihrer hohen Designflexibilität und ihrer außergewöhnlichen mechanischen Eigenschaften im Flugzeugbau nicht mehr weg zu denken. Der Aufbau des Materials aus einzelnen Lagen ermöglicht es lokale, lastpfadgerechte Verstärkungen und Sensorik in das Laminat zu integrieren, um somit etwa der örtlichen Beanspruchung Rechnung zu tragen oder einen hohen Leichtbaugrad zu realisieren. Daher wurden am Fraunhofer IWU Funktionsträger in unterschiedlichen Varianten entwickelt, mithilfe einer Tape-Lege Anlage gefertigt und zwischen multiaxialen Carbonfaser-Halbzeugen eingebracht und qualifiziert. Aufgrund der hohen Anforderungen an die Funktionsträger hinsichtlich Positioniergenauigkeit und Ausrichtung in der Struktur, erfolgte die Entwicklung einer roboterbasierten Ultraschalluntersuchung mit automatischem Datenmanagement. Dabei wurden ein kollaborierender Roboter eingesetzt, um den Ultraschallsensor über das Bauteil zu führen und neue Wege hinsichtlich Auswertung sowie Datenmanagement beschritten. Die Untersuchung unterschiedlicher Parameter wie Prüfgeschwindigkeit, Rasterweite und die Fokussierung des Sensors, erlaubte die Ableitung von Standards, sowie die Gestaltung eines hocheffizienten zerstörungsfreien Prüfprozesses mittels Ultraschall-Analyse. Dadurch lassen sich die hohen Anforderungen aus der Luftfahrt erfüllen und Kosten durch automatische Inspektion und Bewertung deutlich reduzieren. Die innovativen Funktionsträger der Tape-Lege Anlage liefern darüber hinaus beste Voraussetzungen für die Integration in CFK-Luftfahrtstrukturen von morgen.

Hintergrund: Die transkutane periorbitale Elektrostimulation ist ein patentiertes Verfahren (QMR®), bei der es zu einer gewebeschonenden Aktivierung und Zellregeneration kommt. Hypothese: Mittels der Rexon-Eye®-Anwendung, die sich dieses Verfahren zunutze macht, ist eine Stimulation der Tränendrüse[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Wintertagung der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Augenärztlichen Gesellschaft 2019

Hintergrund: Eine Katarakt-Operation führt im Allgemeinen postoperativ zu einer geringgradigen bis moderaten Drucksenkung, woraus eine längerfristige Reduktion der antiglaukomatösen Lokaltherapie um 12-71%, abhängig von der Glaukomform, erreicht werden kann (Chen et al. 2015).[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Wintertagung der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Augenärztlichen Gesellschaft 2019

Real-time control (RTC) of sewer systems is generally recognised as a means for the ecologically and economically efficient upgrading of existing urban drainage systems. Many new, ever more complex control algorithms have been developed by the scientific community over the years. Their performance is frequently only tested for the single case study for which they have been designed. It thus remains unclear whether any of these newly developed algorithms hold potential for implementation into another system. In addition, a comparison between different control strategies is not usually documented for previous studies. To overcome this problem, it is sometimes advocated to use benchmark systems for an objective comparison between different control strategies. Such comparisons would, however, not necessarily allow for extrapolation of the results to other case studies. To help wastewater operators circumvent the numerous difficulties and pitfalls of the implementation of an RTC strategy to sewer systems, guidelines and simple, yet effective, tools for demonstration and preliminary screening are provided by the scientific community. In spite of these efforts, it appears that many wastewater companies are not yet convinced to embark on the seemingly tedious and time-consuming task of implementing RTC, which still bears the risk of failure due to limited experience of the modeller, manually introduced implementation errors or insufficient transferability of the applied control strategy. These are major reasons for which the practical implementation of RTC strategies in full-scale systems today is still met with reluctance by wastewater operators. The objective of this dissertation is to contribute to overcoming these problems by automating the major steps required for the design of RTC strategies: model simplification, control location choice and control algorithm implementation. A coarse preliminary systems analysis using simplified models is generally considered the first step of systems analysis in the course of an RTC study. It allows for the analysis of a large number of model scenarios in a short period of time even when simulating long evaluation periods. Both the automated reduction of detailed hydrodynamic sewer models to skeletonised models and the computer-aided simplification to calibrated conceptual models are covered in the context of this thesis. These two processes make use of a highly detailed, hydrodynamic sewer model as a basis to provide the simplified models with data for parametrisation and, if necessary, calibration. The resulting models prove to be highly accurate and reliable. Because the reduced hydrodynamic models still contain major trunk sewers, they could form a basis for analyses that require a high spatial resolution and high accuracy, as e.g. for flood modelling or for the offline optimisation of rule-based RTC strategies. The conceptual models created here only provide simulation output for a limited number of locations, but at higher speeds. They hence appear more appropriate for application as a prediction model in the scope of model-based predictive control (MPC). The use of simplified models for the preliminary analysis of RTC scenarios, however, is afflicted by an inherent problem: the modeller's decisions taken during the simplification of the detailed models may have a significant influence on the modelled performance of the RTC strategy. This is especially true for the selection of control locations when building conceptual models. Sensitivity analysis for both detailed and simplified models reveals that location choice has more influence on the performance of an RTC strategy than the parametrisation of the control algorithm or simulated monitoring inaccuracies. More complex sensitivity analysis methods thereby deliver the same results as simple screening methods. The computer-aided methodology developed here for the design of RTC strategies thus makes use of the fully detailed hydrodynamic models as the basis for the choice of suitable control locations. These are defined based on a systematic and reproducible approach, rather than to entrust this task exclusively to the modeller's experience as appears to be common practice for documented scientific case studies as well as real-life implementations. Next to the use of only existing control locations (e.g. pumping stations) or locations with limited discharge capacity (as is frequently done when relying on the use of simplified modelling approaches), a methodology has also been developed to identify control locations that allow for activation of the maximum storage volume in the system. These different control location choices are then combined with generically applicable control concepts, such as the frequently applied rule-based 'equal filling degree' control. This type of control is chosen because the application to a preliminary test case proved highly favourable in terms of efficiency and the potential to be extended into an integrated control of the sewer system and wastewater treatment plant. In addition to these automatically created scenarios, the application of MPC is evaluated here to be able to benchmark the results of the automatically created control algorithms. The methodology was tested for five sewer networks in Flanders, Belgium, and proved applicable to all five test cases. With a modelled total combined sewer overflow volume reduction of 20 % to 50 %, the created strategies showed good to very good performance for the tested catchments. While volume-based control location selection showed the best overall results, no 'best' control algorithm was found. Also the use of MPC did not yield significantly better results than rule-based control. The results show that the automated design of RTC strategies for sewer systems is both feasible and desirable. In its current form, the methodology for the design of RTC strategies for sewer systems has been successfully applied in the course of the analysis of 10 real-life case studies at Aquafin and will form an integral part of future projects for the roll-out of RTC for sewer systems throughout Flanders. status: published

Hintergrund: Periphere ulzerative Veränderungen der Hornhaut sind in der Regel assoziiert mit einer autoimmunen Grunderkrankung. Andererseits liegt die Inzidenz der cornealen Ulcera bei Vorliegen einer bspw. rheumatoiden Arthritis lediglich bei 0,1-2%. Sie stellt somit eine seltene Komplikation[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Jahrestagung der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Augenärztlichen Gesellschaft 2018

Environmental regulators frequently stipulate the modeling approaches required for water utilities managing sewer networks to demonstrate regulatory compliance. The performance of drainage systems with regard to combined sewer overflow (CSO) discharges is required to be assessed using urban drainage models to prove compliance before large investments can be authorized. However, as far as the authors are aware, the modeling approaches to demonstrate regulatory compliance currently provide no opportunity for considering model uncertainty. This paper therefore addresses a knowledge gap in the role of model uncertainty in environmental compliance studies by describing an objective uncertainty quantification process that enables the water utilities to evaluate and report the uncertainty in their modeling predictions and that is also transparent enough to satisfy regulators. The sewer network was modeled in InfoWorks CS software using a design storm defined by the regulator to test the performance of CSOs. Uncertainty in the model and input parameters was propagated using Monte Carlo simulations with Latin hypercube sampling, and the results were presented to show the trade-off between the infrastructure investment and the risk of spilling.

CISG - Cost - Burden of Proof- 23rd Willem C Vis Arbitration Moot - International Dispute Resolution - Arbitration - Substantive Law - Procedural Law - Common Law - Civil Law - United States of America Jurisdiction - German Jurisdiction This article discusses the relationship between costs and burden of proof under the CISG and the continual debate between diverging views across jurisdictions on the topics. It conveys the significance of the issues in dispute resolution, which is supported in particular by key arbitration decisions. In addition, the article describes the relevance of the issue in both substantive and procedural law, emphasising the contrasting perspectives of the United States of America ('US') and Germany through significant case law and deliberation.

Hintergrund: In dieser retrospektiven Analyse wurden die visuellen und refraktiven Ergebnisse sowie hornhauttopografische Daten nach stattgehabter Pterygiumexzision mit und ohne anschließendem Excimerlasersmoothing ausgewertet. Methode: Die Daten von 30 Augen von 27 Patienten nach erfolgter[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Wintertagung der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Augenärztlichen Gesellschaft 2016

Hintergrund: Infektionen der Hornhaut treten bei Patienten in jedem Alter auf und sind eine Gefahr für eine Sehminderung oder Erblindung. Es gibt verschiedene Keime, die eine Keratitis verursachen. Meist sind diese bakteriell oder viral bedingt, aber auch Pilze und Akanthamöben spielen bei[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Wintertagung der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Augenärztlichen Gesellschaft 2016

Contains fulltext : 97314.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND/AIMS: Prohepcidin and the active form hepcidin-25 are two variants of the peptide hormone hepcidin for iron homoeostasis. Their regulatory role and usefulness as biomarkers of the iron status are uncertain. Our aim is to describe the intra-individual variance of serum and urinary hepcidin-25 and prohepcidin concentrations, the mutual associations of the 4 hepcidin formats, and their correspondence with iron status variables in male Guatemalan volunteers. METHODS: Eight healthy adult males provided serial samples of serum and urine without previous iron dosing over 6 intervals during a 9-week protocol period. Prohepcidin was assayed by a commercial enzyme immunoassay, and hepcidin-25 species in serum and urine were analysed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry after prior enrichment procedures. RESULTS: Serum hepcidin-25 levels correlated significantly with urinary hepcidin-25 concentrations, whereas serum and urinary prohepcidin were not associated with one another or with the homologous or converse formats for hepcidin-25. Serum ferritin and transferrin saturation were significantly correlated with serum hepcidin-25 concentrations, but not with urine hepcidin-25 or with either format of prohepcidin. CONCLUSION: Hepcidin-25 shows correspondence across biological fluids, and the background 'status' of hepcidin activation may be related to the host's iron stores, whereas prohepcidin concentrations showed no promise in this regard.

Cities are particularly vulnerable to rainfall-generated floods that are typically characterised by their rapid onset and localised nature. This implies that precipitation and catchment information need to be available at high resolution to reliably predict hydrological response and potential flooding. On the contrary, urban areas constitute a major knowledge gap as most flood risk studies have concentrated on natural basins and records of rain gauges and water level gauges in cities are scarce. While increase in intense precipitation as a result of climate change is expected in many areas around the world, it is at present not possible to assess how this will affect urban pluvial flood risk. Collection of reliable, high resolution data in cities needs to start urgently to build up datasets in support of urban flood risk assessment and to enable detection of changes in flood risk whether these are induced by climate change, urbanisation or other future developments. This study shows how implementation of polarimetric X-band radar can contribute to filling the knowledge gap of flood risk quantification in cities.

International audience

Reseña de Adriana Cortés Koloffon, Cósmica y cosmética. Pliegues de la alegoría en sor Juana Inés de la Cruz y Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Madrid / Frankfurt, Iberoamericana / Vervuert, 2013.