1. Predictors of nicotine dependence among adolescent waterpipe and cigarette smokers: A 6-year longitudinal analysis
- Author
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Raed Bahelah, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Rima Nakkash, Rime Jebai, Malak Tleis, Kenneth D. Ward, Thomas Eissenberg, Zoran Bursac, Matthew T. Sutherland, Taghrid Asfar, Miguel Ángel Cano, Mohammad Masudul Alam, Joseph R. DiFranza, Wasim Maziak, Kristopher Fenni, and Ziyad Ben Taleb
- Subjects
Male ,Longitudinal study ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Psychological intervention ,Water Pipe Smoking ,Toxicology ,Impulsivity ,Article ,Smoking Water Pipes ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Lebanon ,Sibling ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,media_common ,Pharmacology ,Schools ,Smokers ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Addiction ,Smoking ,Tobacco Products ,Tobacco Use Disorder ,Behavior, Addictive ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Adolescent Behavior ,Smoking cessation ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Demography - Abstract
Objective Identifying the factors associated with nicotine dependence (ND) is essential to prevent initiation and continued use, and to promote cessation among youth. This study aims to document the predictors of the appearance of initial ND symptoms and full ND syndrome among adolescent waterpipe (WP) and cigarette smokers. Methods A 6-year longitudinal study was conducted among 8th and 9th graders from 38 schools in Lebanon. The analysis sample included exclusive-WP (n = 228) and exclusive-cigarette smokers (n = 139). Weighted Cox proportional hazards models were used to characterizing predictors of initial ND symptoms and full ND syndrome. Results Predictors of experiencing initial ND symptoms among WP smokers included low maternal educational level, having a sibling who smoked WP, low physical activity, high body mass index (BMI), smoking initiation at a younger age. For cigarette smokers these were being male, younger, having lower BMI, having a sibling who smoked cigarettes, living in a crowded household, and smoking daily. Among WP smokers, predictors of developing full ND syndrome include being younger, believing that WP smokers have more friends, depression, high levels of impulsivity, and initiating smoking at a younger age. For cigarette smokers, predictors of full ND syndrome were being younger and initiating smoking at a younger age. Conclusion Smoking cessation and prevention interventions targeting youth should address modifiable, and tobacco use-specific factors that influence the development of ND among young WP and cigarette smokers. They also need to start at a younger age to target those most vulnerable to developing life-long addiction to tobacco products.
- Published
- 2020