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Background: Sexual health (SH) remains a marginalized topic in medical education, posing a challenge to healthcare professionals in providing adequate sexual care. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, clinical experience, training experiences and needs of doctors working in Gynecology/Obstetrics (G/O) and General Practice (GP) regarding sexuality during pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023, inviting Portuguese physicians (G/O and GP) to complete an online questionnaire. Results: Of 366 physicians (50.8% GP; 49.2% G/O) surveyed, the majority were female (85.5%), aged between 24 and 35 years (57.9%) and specialists (56.8%). Nearly all respondents (99.2%) recognized the importance of SH during pregnancy, with 86.6% agreeing that inquiring about sexuality is essential, given that 99.2% believe that pregnancy affects SH. However, despite 66.9% of physicians acknowledging that pregnant value sexuality, 55.2% reported that fewer than 10% pose questions, and only 27.6% of doctors inquire about sexuality. Although 85.0% of the respondents felt completely or partially comfortable discussing sexuality, only 24.6% considered themselves skilled to provide SH counselling, with less than a fifth feeling capable of treating specific sexual dysfunctions. The main difficulties were time constraints (75.7%) and lack of training (70.2%), particularly evident in the GP group. More than a quarter of GP responders and 11% of G/O physicians admitted the lack of education or training in this area. Nearly all responders expressed interest in improving their knowledge, with residency training being the most preferred option. Conclusions: Portuguese physicians recognize the importance of sexuality during pregnancy, but only a minority routinely inquire about it during appointments, referring lack of time and training as the major barriers. The study highlights significant deficiencies in Portuguese GP and G/O practitioners concerning sexual health, emphasizing the urgent need for further training in this area.

Proteomics can be a robust tool in protein identification and regulation, allowing the discovery of potential biomarkers. In clinical practice, the management of endometrial cancer can be challenging. Thus, identifying promising markers could be beneficial, helping both in diagnosis and prognostic stratification, even predicting the response to therapy. Therefore, this manuscript systematically reviews the existing evidence of the proteomic profile of human endometrial cancer. The literature search was conducted via Medline (through PubMed) and the Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were clinical, in vitro, and in vivo original studies reporting proteomic analysis using all types of samples to map the human endometrial cancer proteome. A total of 55 publications were included in this review. Most of the articles carried out a proteomic analysis on endometrial tissue, serum and plasma samples, which enabled the identification of several potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In addition, eight articles were analyzed regarding the identified proteins, where three studies showed a strong correlation, sharing forty-five proteins. This analysis also allowed the identification of the 10 most frequently reported proteins in these studies: EGFR, PGRMC1, CSE1L, MYDGF, STMN1, CASP3 ANXA2, YBX1, ANXA1, and MYH11. Proteomics-based approaches pointed out potential diagnostic and prognostic candidates for endometrial cancer. However, there is a lack of studies exploring novel therapeutic targets.