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Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of incurable visual impairment and impacts daily life. There are benefits of physical activity for people who are affected with AMD; however, living with AMD is associated with lower levels of physical activity and social isolation. The aim of this study was to explore how older people with AMD in Sweden experienced participation in a 6-month empowerment-based physical activity intervention and how it influenced their physical abilities. Methods: The participants were nine individuals with AMD aged 70–87 years. The intervention comprised physical and social activities in a group twice a week and individual health coaching on three occasions. The study was based on an exploratory qualitative case study design. Results: The findings showed two themes: created meaningfulness in life and creative and playful ways to develop body movements. The findings also showed improved muscle strength after the intervention. Conclusions: The findings showed that participants had increased social connectedness, improved physical self-efficacy and physical ability, as well as improved muscle strength. The empowerment process of the intervention was appreciated by the participants and challenged them to participate in physical activity offered by the municipality for older individuals. © 2024 by the authors.

Children with disabilities engage less in physical activity and sports during their spare time compared to their peers without disabilities. Modern sports, contextual factors, and parents’ fear of discrimination have been discussed as barriers to participation. The aim of this study is to describe parents’ experiences of their child with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) participating in a PAP intervention. The intervention involved a Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic (CAP), the Regional Sport Federation, and local sport clubs in the southwestern region of Sweden. A sample of 13 parents took part in semi-structured interviews, and qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis. The analysis resulted in three main categories, including sub-categories. By being part of a collaboration, the parents experienced two different worlds coming together, the CAP and the sport world, and they were also aware of the collaboration’s organisation and need for resources. In growing with sports, the parents described that treating the children with respect involved learning sports from the child’s condition and creating a social space for them. Regarding individual motivation for participating in sports, the parents expressed that the children felt proud to be part of the PAP intervention and experienced a sense of belonging in the group with the other children. The study highlights perspectives for developing sports for all in local sport clubs and improving sports as part of the CAP care for children with NDD. © 2023 by the authors.

Introduction: Childhood obesity is associated with cardiometabolic and psychosocial comorbidity, weight stigma, and premature adult mortality. Physical activity provides many health benefits for adolescents with obesity. Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore what experiences adolescents who have or have had obesity between 13–18 years of age have from long-term participation in regular physical activity in a lifestyle intervention. Method: Semi-structured interviews were performed with nine adolescents (five girls, four boys) ages 13–18 years who had been participating in physical activity in a regular way in this intervention. They had been participating for one to six years (average 2.8 years). Qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach was used to analyse the data. Result: The adolescent’s experiences of regular physical activity in this intervention was divided into three categories: 1) to experience the joy of movement; 2) to experience influence of the group; 3) to experience personal development. An inclusive and accepting group increased positive feelings of participation and they experienced that they achieved weight loss, improved self-esteem, and generally felt better when they started to be physically active. Conclusion: When adolescents who have or have had obesity are given the proper circumstances for physical activity, they experience it as fun and self-developing. It is important for adolescents to be allowed to be with friends with similar experiences and be among individuals they feel comfortable with and connected to. © 2023 The Author(s).

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of incurable visual impairment and impacts daily life. These impacts include loss of social activities, decreased functional independence, and reduced physical activity. This protocol aims to describe a prospective, mixed-methodology for studying a population with AMD before, during, and after an empowerment-based physical activity intervention (EPI). A study framework was also developed for EPI. The intervention will include 20 older individuals (age 65+ years) with AMD recruited in Sweden. The intervention period is six months and comprises adapted physical activity and social activities in a group twice a week and individual health coaching on three occasions. The quantitative pre-test and three follow-ups include physical functional tests, an accelerometer that monitors physical activity continuously for one week, and questionnaires. Individual and focus-group interviews and ethnographic observations will explore the experience of living with AMD and what it means to participate in the EPI for individuals with AMD. The chosen methodology offers a structured way for researchers to explore the experiences and factors that may provide insights into the potential of creative supervised, adapted physical activity in groups, health coaching, and socialising that are significant to enable well-being among older individuals with AMD.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of incurable visual impairment. These impacts include loss of social activities, decreased functional independence, and reduced physical activity. The purpose of the study was to explore the participants' experiences and meanings expressed by people with AMD participating in an empowerment-based intervention. Methods: The study has an explorative design based on ethnographic observations and informal interviews during the Empowerment-Based Physical Activity Intervention (EPI). The intervention embraced empowerment as a process and adopted the reflective equilibrium community empowerment approach. The EPI was carried out over six months and comprised adapted physical activity and social activities twice a week—furthermore, individual health coaching on three occasions. Nine women and two men aged 70-87 years old with AMD in Sweden participated in EPI. Field notes of the observations were analysed using a thematic method with an abductive approach. Findings: The analysis resulted in five themes: a) Feeling seen and included, b) Having a sense of security, c) Developing physical skills, d) Feeling meaningful and social connectedness, and e) Feeling increased motivation. Conclusion: Based on the findings, EPI has been a resource for the participants' well-being and development. The findings also filled a gap in the research literature and may provide insights into the potential of creative supervised, adapted physical activity in groups, health coaching, and socialising.

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES • Describe the three components of self-determination. • Identify classroom application of the principles of self-determination theory. • Link the Universal Design for Learning framework to self-determination. • Describe the relationship between self-determination and self-advocacy.

The development of inclusive tools for Physical Education (PE) is often conducted without involving children as co-developers or viewing education as consisting of heterogeneous target groups, not as individuals with different needs, such as disability. This study forms part of a larger project on innovations from a norm-critical perspective on tools for PE with children and companies as co-producers. The particular focus of this study is to test and evaluate a prototype from a child’s perspective, with the specific aim of investigating how participation, inclusion and learning are described in the use and development of a new sports tool in the subject of PE at three schools in Halland, Sweden. The study uses qualitative methods such as interviews, films and participant observations using an intervention approach. The results of the study show that participation and inclusion play an important role in developing and using tools in PE. The study also suggests that participation and inclusion may enhance learning in the development and creative use in classes in which it was necessary for the children to manage challenges and obstacles. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a higher risk of inactivity, and efforts to promote physical activity among this population have been limited. Physical activity on prescription (PAP) may be a suitable tool for motivating participation in physical activity among children with these diagnoses. However, PAP calls for synergy and partnership between health care and other sectors of the community. The aim of this study was to describe a health promotion partnership for physical activity targeting children with ASD or ADHD. Data were obtained through individual interviews with professionals at CAP (n = 11) and three focus-group interviews with coaches from local sports clubs. We used the Bergen Model of Collaborative Functioning as the theoretical framework and used qualitative content analysis as the method of analysis to study partnerships between professionals from the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic (CAP) and coaches from local sport clubs. The findings demonstrate that the partnerships included both positive and negative processes. Although the two partners shared values regarding the project, such as working for a good cause for the children and seeing the potential in the collaboration, there were doubts about sharing common resources and uncertainties about the sustainability of the PAP project. Challenges remain and further research is needed into developing, monitoring and evaluating health promotion partnerships when promoting physical activity for all. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press.

Research shows that children with disabilities have poorer health than children without disabilities. In Sweden children have the right to education and schooling is compulsory. Schools’ meets all children in the arena that best affects students with disabilities in participation in physical education. We aim to discuss research and proven experience focusing on student learning and inclusion to find innovative perspectives to promote participation and accessibility in relation to Convention on the Rights of the Child. Various societal actors are interested to develop knowledge and methods for the education of children and teachers in schools from an inclusive perspective.

Many children with disabilities face the risk of illness by being excluded from physical education. The purpose of this article is to investigate an open collaborative innovation that can contribute to more inclusive elements in physical education, resulting in a better quality of education for children and youths with a disability. The question asked here is whether performative, bodily, geographical, norm critical and collaborative aspects involved in the use of an innovative aid called Swing Table Tennis (SwingPingis), has any impact on teachers’ perception of inclusion and well-being for the children using the innovation. The methods used in this study are interviews of children with disabilities and their physical education teachers, combined with participant observations carried out during classes using the tool. The findings indicate children and teachers perceive the tool as a means to an embodied, creative part of collaboration and involvement during the lesson, as well as in the teaching of the subject Physical Education. Children perceived SwingPingis as an opportunity to get motor training and build bodily capacities to perform, which in turn were reported as a feeling of the joy in movement. Teachers emphasize SwingPingis usefulness and accessibility. It is an asset in teaching as well as enabling and complementing other motor training in teaching.

This project has its starting-point in dance project with children and senior citizens. Children and senior citizen have their own health challenges. The Swedish culture does not encourage intergenerational activities in organizations and communities. Intergenerational contacts are in many terms referred to within families, except certain environments such as the educational institutions. Especially, the intergenerational contacts between children and senior citizens are neglected as an important factor in promoting knowledge and health in society. It does not need to be questioned, that both knowledge and health contributes to the sustainability in society. If individuals from different generations have the opportunity to exercise physical activities together, it is likely that it generates positive values for social sustainability. Social constructivism combined with a life course perspective is the fundamental theoretical standpoint for this project. We will explain the complex matter of how theses processes of “constructed realities” are accomplish before approaching the central ideas of social constructivism in relation to our project. The overall aim was to understand the knowledge of the social value of intergenerational physical activities, and how different age groups communicate their experiences in a life course perspective. There were many things we could learn in a life course perspective through activities among children and senior citizens, and how we could make use of this knowledge for implementations for social sustainability in general. This study included a three-stage process qualitative data from 48 stakeholders describing in individuals diaries about daily exercise, collected during one and a half year, with focus groups interviews with 24 children and 24 senior citizens. The third stage dancing activities was conducted, and follow up interviews with both participants. The thematic analysis was used emerge the results. We found a common joy f

Many understandings about norms and norm criticism are based on imaginations of inclusion and exclusion, as if values about right and wrong, and acceptable and non-acceptable behaviors belong to a world of relations that can be separated from embodied and physical things and practices. Norm confirming or norm critical imaginations are difficult to judge and even more difficult to change if they are separated from the physical performance reflecting these imaginations. This preparatory study is based on interviews conducted with children with and without varied forms of disabilities. The aim of the study was to investigate how children describe their ability in relation to collaboration, materialities, disability and norms within Physical Education and Health (PEH). The results from this study show that embodied and collaborative goal-oriented practices generate imaginations of community and belonging through a notion of contributing. The results indicate that informing, teaching, and learning about inclusion and exclusion do not naturally produce physical and embodied practices. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, ONCIRI Vinnova, 2015-03866

The overall aim of this systematic meta-literature review was to (1) summarize the findings of review studies focusing on health determinants, (2) give an overview of intervention studies that have been used to facilitate health and lifestyle, and (3) provide recommendations for future studies in health promotion. A literature review, using a meta-method, was conducted to identify health and lifestyle research based on research articles related to health changes. The search yielded a total of 561 unique citations and finally 24 citations remained. Of those, 11 studies focused on health determinants, whereas 13 focused on interventions for health promotion. Results from this meta-synthesis led to four recommendations for the design of future intervention studies. (1) To increase the likelihood of capturing different biopsychosocial aspects of health, researchers from different scientific disciplines should collaborate in the design, implementation, and evaluation of the study. (2) It is recommended to use theoretical frameworks that focus on health determinants in longitudinal studies with a repeated measures design. (3) Studies should involve behavioral interventions. (4) Design face-to-face intervention studies where the participant can interact with other persons.

Introduktion Människor med funktionsnedsättning har i dag inte lika stora möjligheter att utöva idrott, fysisk aktivitet och rekreation i jämförelse med människor utan funktionsnedsättning. Det kan också noteras att fritid, rekreation och semester för många med funktionsnedsättning har en större betydelse i den enskilda situationen än andra, till exempel när det gäller inkludering och tillgänglighet i fysisk aktivitet och idrott & hälsa samt graden av välbefinnande. I de nordiska länderna finns det en enighet om funktionsnedsattas rättigheter, villkor och integration, inkludering. Det finns också en medvetenhet och ett intresse att arbeta med människor med funktionsnedsättning, som gynnar interaktion och dialog mellan länderna. Anpassad Fysisk Aktivitet (AFA) har blivit en universell term, omfattande områden som idrott och hälsa, fritid, parasport, habilitering och rehabilitering för människor med funktionsnedsättning. En av framtida utmaningar och forskningsfrågor är hur AFA-begreppet kan etableras inom skola, sjukvård, idrottsrörelse, fritid samt hur kunskapen om anpassad fysisk aktivitet kan öka inom de 4 områdena. Syfte & teoretisk ram Syftet är att presentera olika nordiska handlingssätt, forskning och utvecklingsprojekt som hänför sig till anpassad fysisk aktivitet och parasport utifrån en nyss avhållen nordisk forsknings- och utbildningskonferens i Finland. Den teoretiska ramen knyter an till Sherrills (2004) holistiska Adapted Physical Activity model som har en övergripande målsättning att stimulera till och uppnå en aktiv, hälsosam livsstil och självförverkligande för alla. Metod Metoden har en komparativ ansats genom att försöka uppmärksamma skillnader och likheter i Anpassad Fysisk Aktivitet och Parasport inom de nordiska länderna samt att pröva och förstå och förklara dessa perspektiv. Resultat Resultatet är under bearbetning och presenteras bl a utifrån följande frågeställningar: • Hur många Euro avsätter staten och offentlig sport administratio

In this study the implementation of cooperation directed learning of peer tutoring in elementary general inclusive physical education (GPE) setting in three elementary city schools in Sweden was studied. The purpose was to assess the impact of peer tutoring on the interaction behaviors between students with and without disabilities in GPE. A design of multiple case study with elementary school age students with moderate disabilities (n=4) was used. Peer tutors (n=37) were students without disabilities who voluntary participated in peer tutor training program. The program included the collaborative learning values, teaching instructions and communication skills served as the independent measure. Dependent measures were multiple interactions between students with and without disabilities. Totally 43 observation sessions of inclusive GPE settings were collected on videotapes and analyzed using the Computerized Evaluation Protocol of Interactions in Physical Education (CEPI-PE). In addition, interviews with school personnel and children served as a complementary study outcome. The percentage of interactions between target students and peer tutors significantly increased (3.2% to 11.8 % respectively, p<.05) during peer tutor intervention. This study indicated that peer tutor arrangements can contribute the successful cooperation between students with and without disabilities in inclusive GPE in Swedish elementary school. All four students with moderate disabilities maintained high percentage of activities done independently throughout baseline and intervention phase (50.5% and 57.6%, accordingly). Interviews confirmed a positive class climate change and improvement in peer relation culture.

För att inte tröttna snabbt och för att inte hela tiden kräva en vuxen vid sidan kan det vara bramed en översikt över kreativa användningsmöjligheter. Ett längre snöre som medger att manäven kan använda fötterna. Resultatet tyder på att barn och lärare uppfattar hjälpmedlet somen kreativ del i lektionen och undervisningen i ämnet Idrott och hälsa. Barnen uppfattar Swing-Pingis som en möjlighet att få motorisk träning och känna rörelseglädje. Barnen resonerar ocksåkring olika hälsovinster. Lärarna framhåller hjälpmedlet som användbart och lättillgängligt. Detär en tillgång i undervisningen samt möjliggör och kompletterar annan motorisk träning i undervisningen. Hjälpmedlet stimulerar hälsan hos barnen. Denna studie visar på relationen mellan rörlighet och utvecklingen av sociala, relationella, emotionella,existentiella och kroppsliga kapaciteter. Studien visar entydigt att människor med funktionshinderhar rätt att utvecklas som kompletta människor och att SwingPingis utgör en viktigkomponent i den utvecklingen.

Peer tutoring is a type of collaboration directed learning strategy in which students support each other rather than relying only on assistant teacher or paraprofessional assistance. Utilizing peers as a natural support might facilitate interactions between students with and without disabilities. However, the research on cooperation oriented education approaches in Europe is very spare. PURPOSE: This study aims the implementation of cooperation oriented learning of peer tutoring in elementary general inclusive physical education (GPE) setting in three city schools in Sweden. The study was utilized within a Nordplus- Horizontal project. METHODS: A single subject multiple baseline design across elementary school age students with moderate disabilities (n=4) was used. While peer tutor training program was provided for the whole class target students were included when attending GPE, peer tutors (n=37) were students without disabilities who volunteered for this role. The peer tutor training program incorporating disability awareness, teaching instructions and communication skills served as the independent measure. Dependent measures included physical, instructional and social interactions between students with and without disabilities. Totally 43 observations sessions (á 20 minutes) were collected on videotapes. The obtained data were coded using the Computerized Evaluation Protocol of Interactions in Physical Education (CEPI-PE) (Klavina, 2011). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Age appropriate peer tutors were effective at assisting students with moderate disabilities in inclusive GPE in Swedish elementary schools. The percentage of interactions between target students and peer tutors significantly increased (3.2% to 11.8 % respectively, p<.5). These results replicate findings of previous studies done in the United States demonstrating that peer tutor arrangements can contribute the successful collaboration between students with and without disabilities in inclusive GPE (Ho

Titel ”Samarbetsorienterat lärande med kamratstöd/mentorsstöd för ökad delaktighet i ämnet idrott och hälsa”. Syfte Att ta del av ny forskning och pröva en modell med kamrat/mentors-stöd som visat positiva resultat i USA. Syftet med projektet är att öka möjligheten till delaktighet för elever med funktionsnedsättning. Studien riktar sig mot ämnesområdet Idrott och hälsa som har brister när det just gäller delaktigheten. Målgrupp Primär målgrupp är elever i grund- och särskolan, med funktionsnedsättning, lärare i Idrott och hälsa, rådgivare, specialpedagoger och rektorer. Bakgrund Kunskapen om, och vikten av lek, rörelse och fysisk aktivitet är idag ett väl utforskat område som har många förespråkare. Även politiker och myndigheter arbetar med nya förslag och rapporter som ligger i linje med detta, och ger ytterligare stöd för mer fysisk aktivitet i skolan. Problematiken ligger ofta i att detta måste komma alla elever till del. Genom satsningar såsom ex. handslaget och tillägg i läroplanen om daglig fysisk aktivitet, som borde gynna barn med funktionsnedsättningar, upplevs i istället att det ofta görs särskilda lösningar med följden att många elever med funktionsnedsättning upplever att de inte är delaktiga. I detta sammanhang är det också anmärkningsvärt att notera att personer med funktionsnedsättningar, och i synnerhet personer med rörelsehinder, har den sämsta folkhälsan i Sverige (Folkhälsoinstitutet, 2008) Delaktighet är en viktig faktor för att må bra och elever som mår bra lär sig bättre. Forskning visar att delaktighet på lektioner också påverkar delaktigheten på raster och fritiden. Det förekommer alltför ofta att elever med någon funktionsnedsättning får en bristfällig undervisning i ämnet Idrott och hälsa, samt i andra fysiska aktiviteter inom skolans ram. Många elever deltar inte alls, andra deltar, men utan att vara delaktiga. Att ha en eller flera elever med någon funktionsnedsättning i sin klass bör ses som en tillgång. I forskningssammanhang interna

Children and young people with functional disabilities do not have today the same opportunities to participate in sporting and health-promoting activities as other young people without such handicaps. Sporting activities for these children and teenagers can in many cases only be pursued in their leisure time and are not exploited to any great extent within rehabilitation. Within the curricular framework of the school, special needs teaching in sport and health is available but as with amateur sports provision in general it is dependent on the expertise and methods of the teacher or trainer. Investment in sport in Sweden with the help of ‘HANDSHAKE’ funding has involved some 126 different projects and presumably even more have been carried out for the target group of children and teenagers with functional disabilities. The special study described in this paper was carried out partly as a questionnaire survey involving sports clubs and associations supporting the projects and partly as a more extensive interview survey with six selected clubs / associations. The clubs taking part in the special study were relatively few with a response frequency of 37%. The responses of the clubs are clear in that the projects will be continuing and will become a part of their regular activities. The pre-requisites for a successful project are related to both committed project leaders and financial means while at the same time club leaders have stated that the integration of children and teenagers with functional handicaps is not easy. This is possibly due to the fact that sports clubs and associations are not used to opening up their activities for children and young people with functional disabilities and also that these issues are rarely discussed within the day-to-day running of the clubs. It would be desirable to more clearly tie research and educational investment into the area which would reflect not only community aims but also favour the individual’s opportunities and benefit

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Children and young people with disabilities do not have today the same opportunities to participate in sporting and health-promoting activities as other young people without such handicaps. Sporting activities for these children and teenagers can in many cases not be pursued in their leisure time and are not exploited to any great extent within rehabilitation. Within the curricular framework of the school, special needs teaching in Physical Education is available but as with amateur sports provision in general it is dependent on the expertise and methods of the teacher or trainer. Today, the concept of health is defined as more than merely the absence of disease, and there is an ongoing development towards a total health concept, a holistic concept. APA is well in line with WHO’s new International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), where disability is replaced by activity and handicap by participation. The revised version supersedes the previous International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap (ICIDH), whereby the sporting activity becomes a means of achieving both health and participation. Among others, findings shows that adapted physical activity can involve different health aspects for the child or adolescent with a disability e.g. strengthening one's physique and having a good time as well as facilitating their participation in society e.g. getting new friends and becoming someone. On the other hand, physical activity can have both a positive and a negative influence on the different dimensions of health, seen in terms of physical, mental, social and spiritual/existential well-being. It would be desirable to more clearly tie research and educational investment into the area which would reflect not only national and community aims but also favour the individual’s opportunities and benefits in terms of sporting and health-promoting activities.

Describes a phenomenography-based study that attempted to show how children and adolescents with disabilities felt about the consequences of taking part in sports activities. Provides information about the sports program involved, informants, interviews, and results.