Search

An energy audit conducted on a building is also known as a building energy assessment. It can summarise the whole idea of a building’s energy use. Conducting an audit can help business owners determine how much energy a building uses and how much of this energy is useful. It also determines where it is losing energy and which problem areas and fixes should prioritized to make the building more efficient and comfortable. An energy audit should be the first step before making and energy-saving improvements. A targeted audit was conducted on the selected hostel building to identify the energy management opportunities and possible implementation of energy efficiency retrofit techniques. Regression and CUSUM analysis were performed on the obtained data to study the pattern of energy consumption. Recommendations were made on the energy management opportunities for energy conversation and saving with the estimation of carbon footprint.

Ankle injury is one of the physical injuries that commonly occur during physical related activities, especially in sports. Currently, there are established treatments for ankle rehabilitation at the hospital. This treatment involves range of motion exercises and endurance exercises. However, current treatment requires patients to visit to hospital frequently which is very repetitive in nature. Ankle rehabilitation robots are developed to enhance ankle strength, flexibility and proprioception after injury and promote motor learning and ankle plasticity in patients with drop foot. This article reviews the types of actuators used in ankle rehabilitation and discusses the evolution of industrial robotics towards rehabilitation.

The design of a full adder involves the use of logic gates so that the design can convert 8 inputs to create a byte-wide adder and to force the carry bit to the other adder. However, the uses of multiplexers to replace the logic gates in the construction of the full adder is proven to be possible due to the function of the multiplexers to act as the digital switch in the system that provides the flow of digital information from multiple inputs into an output. This research aims to explore the possibility of implementing the multiplexers into the design of the full adder and to analyse the different possible full adder design using the multiplexers. Using the multiplexers also allows for fewer logic gates to be used in the design of the full adder, which reduces the overall area coverage of the full adder. However, adding multiplexers does not make a complete adder more efficient and may slow it down. Thus, this article compares a conventional full adder with logic gates, a full adder with two 2:1 multiplexers, and a full adder with six 2:1 multiplexers in terms of power usage, time delay of the Sum and Carry outputs, and technology (0.6 μm).

The decrease of surface area is a critical concern for any type of digital circuit. For example, the VLSI approach is used to lower the chip's size, which increases both the device's density and its performance. When it comes to digital circuits, a full adder circuit is a crucial part of any arithmetic processor. A computer, or any other type of computer, will have this component. Most arithmetic operations performed as of now are 64 bits. As a result, we need a sizable amount of room to complete this procedure. We can also take use of these advantages even if we increase the number of bits that need to be processed in parallel. This research attempts to demonstrate how a 4-bit CMOS-based full adder circuit is designed and simulated using Microwind and DSCH at various technology levels. It is then compared to determine if the transistor size may help achieve those benefits. Afterwards. A four-bit binary addition is the goal of the circuit that was built. A 4-bit full adder may be built using a totally automated CMOS design process. The concept and layout of a 4-bit full adder are developed in the initial CMOS design. With nodes of 90, 65 and 45 nm, the designs are produced and modelled utilizing technology. Digital integrated circuits with smaller nodes perform better when compared to those with larger ones, according to simulation findings and distinct outputs.

Abstract Introduction Factors explaining the greater susceptibility of preterm infants to severe lower respiratory infections with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remain poorly understood. Fetal/newborn lambs are increasingly appreciated as a model to study key elements of RSV infection in newborn infants due to similarities in lung alveolar development, immune response, and susceptibility to RSV. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that preterm lambs had elevated viral antigen and developed more severe lesions compared to full-term lambs at seven days post-infection. Here, we compared the pathogenesis and immunological response to RSV infection in lungs of preterm and full-term lambs. Methods Lambs were delivered preterm by Caesarian section or full-term by natural birth, then inoculated with bovine RSV (bRSV) via the intratracheal route. Seven days post-infection, lungs were collected for evaluation of cytokine production, histopathology and cellular infiltration. Results Compared to full-term lambs, lungs of preterm lambs had a heightened pro-inflammatory response after infection, with significantly increased MCP-1, MIP-1α, IFN-γ, TNF-α and PD-L1 mRNA. RSV infection in the preterm lung was characterized by increased epithelial thickening and periodic acid-Schiff staining, indicative of glycogen retention. Nitric oxide levels were decreased in lungs of infected preterm lambs compared to full-term lambs, indicating alternative macrophage activation. Although infection induced significant neutrophil recruitment into the lungs of preterm lambs, neutrophils produced less myeloperoxidase than those of full-term lambs, suggesting decreased functional activation. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that increased RSV load and inadequate immune response may contribute to the enhanced disease severity observed in the lungs of preterm lambs.

Sudden cardiac death from ventricular fibrillation (VF) typically occurs in patients with structural heart disease, but in 5 to 10 percent VF is “idiopathic,” occurring in normal hearts. Recently, there has been the description and growing recognition of patients with VF that has a focal origin, the common sites being in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and sites in the left ventricle. A focus within the right ventricle outside the RVOT is rare. We present a case of a woman with VF storm that was localized to the inferobasal right ventricle and was successfully treated with radiofrequency ablation.

A hiccup, or singultus, results from a sudden, simultaneous, vigorous contraction of the diaphragm and inspiratory muscles, accompanied by closure of the glottis. Hiccups can be associated with bradyarrhythmias. The mechanism of this phenomenon is likely hiccup-induced Valsalva maneuver and increased parasympathetic tone. We present a case of a patient with violent hiccups producing a bradyarrhythmia.[WestJEM. 2009;10:176-177.]