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The present investigation was carried out with the objective to ascertain the magnitude of heterosis of 35 hybrids resulted from Line x Tester mating design of seven CMS lines and five restorer tester parents along with the standard check (GHB 558). The highly significant analysis of variance for parents and hybrids among all traits revealed that, the existence of an appreciable amount of genetic variability in the experimental material. In practical plant breeding, the heterosis measured over standard check is more realistic and is of more practical importance. In the present study, heterosis has been estimated over the better parent and popular check hybrid. The aim of present study was to find out the best combination of parents giving a high degree of heterobeltosis and standard heterosis and its exploitation to get better transgressive segregants and characterization of parents for their prospects for further use in the breeding programme of pearl millet. The mean sum of due to parents vs. hybrids for most of the traits is significant for heterosis. The degree of heterosis varied from the cross to cross for all the 10 characters. Considerable high heterosis in certain crosses and low in others revealed that the nature of gene action varied with the genetic makeup of the parents. The hybrids viz., ICMA 07777 x 18488 R, ICMA 06777 x 18805 R and ICMA 96222 x 18488 R showed high per se performance with highly significant positive heterobeltiosis, standard heterosis for grain yield per plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanoparticles with immense potential accompanied by unique optoelectronic properties for revolutionizing several biomedical applications related to imaging, diagnostics, drug delivery, and therapy. A detailed bibliometric analysis has been performed in this article with regard to research relating to QDs in the health sector during 2004-2024. In spite of their promising applications, assessment of the toxicity of QDs, especially highly toxic heavy metal-based QDs like cadmium, is still the most important apprehension. This analysis identifies from Scopus data key trends, influential authors, leading sources, and significant collaborative networks in the field. On VOSviewer and Biblioshiny, visualization tools are used to show research trends and networks that help in the discovery of critical knowledge about the entire global landscape of research. The increasing scientific interest has been realized in a stable trend with peaks of notable and emerging topics attesting to its dynamism. The study epitomizes how international collaboration can advance the QD applications boundary for healthcare., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Krishnan M et al.)

Anti-DNA antibodies are a major contributor to the pathogenesis associated with the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus in mice and human. The accumulation of a large body of structural information on autoimmune anti-DNA antibodies over the past several years, particularly from mice, has provided considerable insight into the structure, function, and biology of this important class of autoantibodies. Even though the germline repertoire of light and heavy chain variable regions that may encode DNA-specific antibodies is very large in mice, there are individual light and heavy chain variable region genes that have been recurrent and preferentially expressed among anti-DNA hybridomas. This has been particularly true for hybridomas producing antibodies that bind duplex, B-form, mammalian DNA (dsDNA). Recurrent somatically derived variable region structures, particularly arginines in the third complementary-determining region of the heavy chain (VH-CDR3), have also been recurrent and preferentially expressed among monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies. In fact specificity for dsDNA can be correlated to the relative amino acid position at which arginines are expressed within VH-CDR3 of anti-DNA. Most important from the results of structural analyses of monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies has been the realization that autoimmunity to DNA results from a clonally selective, antigen-specific immune response to DNA. Autoimmune antibodies to DNA have all of the characteristics of secondary immune antibodies. In further support of this hypothesis, we have been able to induce anti-DNA antibodies in normal, nonautoimmune mice by immunization with immunogenic DNA-peptide complexes. The induced antibodies have all of the structural and functional characteristics of autoimmune anti-DNA including the pathogenetic potential to induce glomerulonephritis. This review summarizes the results of research from our laboratory that support the above conclusions.

This article reviews the various aspects of tannin, which is finding varied uses in leather industry and pharmaceutics.

Sera from 88 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis were examined for precipitating mitochondrial antibodies using sonicated rat liver mitochondrial fraction as an antigen source in immunodiffusion. Precipitin lines indicating the presence of anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) in 22 patients were detected. Only six of 22 sera had, additionally, precipitating antibodies to nuclear antigens. Standardized reference sera containing antibodies to mitochondrial antigens (M-A, M-B and M-C systems) were used to further characterize the type of mitochondrial antibodies. M-B antibody was most commonly detected (72.7%) either alone (eight patients) or in combination (eight patients) with M-A and M-C antibodies. M-A antibody was found in 12 patients (54.5%) and M-C antibody was present in three. The antigen related to M-B is DNAase and trypsin sensitive, in contrast to the resistant M-A antigen. AMA were detected in 21 of 22 patients by indirect immunofluorescence. When solid phase ELISA was used to detect AMA using mitochondrial fraction as antigen, a significant difference (P less than 0.005) was noted between sera with and without precipitating mitochondrial antibody. The antibody was frequently present in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis detected 2 or more years earlier (P less than 0.01). Three patients were found to have primary biliary cirrhosis and others had pruritus, hepatomegaly or abnormal liver function tests. The implication of the findings is discussed.