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The series of quaternary rare-earth phosphides REMnCuP2 (RE = Y, La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Tm, Lu), which had previously been limited to the Yb member, has been prepared by reaction of the elements at 800 °C. These phosphides adopt the CaAl2Si2-type structure (trigonal, space group P 3 ¯ m 1 , Z = 1) with Mn and Cu atoms disordered over the tetrahedral M sites within [M2P2] slabs. However, single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, carried out on some of these members (RE = Tb, Dy, Er, Tm), provide evidence for an interstitial octahedral site being partially occupied by Cu atoms, resulting in the nonstoichiometric formulation REMnCu1+xP2 (x = 0.10–0.16). A second polymorph of LaMnCuP2 adopting the BaCu2S2-type structure (orthorhombic, space group Pnma, Z = 4) was also identified in the course of these investigations. Electronic structure calculations on a ordered superstructure model of YMnCuP2 indicate the absence of a band gap.

A series of Heusler phases Ni47Mn40Sn13−xCux (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.25), which are magnetic shape-memory alloys, has been synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) and characterized. The martensite-austenite phase transition was investigated by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and DC magnetization measurements. With greater Cu content, the martensitic transition temperature TM increases while the magnetic transition temperature of austenite T c A remains almost unchanged. The maximum inverse magnetic entropy changes Δ S M for the x = 0.5 and x = 1 samples are nearly twice as high as for the undoped sample. Furthermore, the martensitic transformation of the doped samples occurs around room temperature, which is important for applications. Effective refrigerant capacities (RCeff) reduced due to the higher hysteresis losses in the x = 0.5 and x = 1 samples compare to the undoped one. Refrigerant capacities (RC) were examined in T c A . The largest value of RC = 207 J/kg was measured for the undoped sample. Critical properties near the ferromagnetic–paramagnetic (FM–PM) phase transition were analyzed in detailed. The critical parameters β, γ, δ and T c A of the x = 0 and x = 0.5 samples, which were determined through use of modified Arrott plots, the Kouvel-Fisher method, and the Widom scaling relation, differed from the mean-field values. The critical behavior indicates that long-range ferromagnetic order dominates in these Cu-doped samples.

The Cr 5 B 3 -type Ta 5 Si 3 phase was prepared by arc-melting, while the Cr 5 B 3 -type Ta 5 Ge 3 one was synthesized through sintering at 1000 °C. X-ray single crystal diffraction was employed to elucidate their structure. According to the magnetization measurements, both Ta 5 Si 3 and Ta 5 Ge 3 are Pauli paramagnets, with Ta 5 Ge 3 showing a Currie-Weiss-like paramagnetic behavior at low temperatures likely due to presence of paramagnetic impurity. Both Ta 5 Si 3 and Ta 5 Ge 3 display a very low electrical resistivity from 2 to 300 K. The resistivity is constant below 20 K, but displays a positive temperature coefficient above 20 K. Electronic structure calculations with the TB-LMTO-ASA method support the metallic character of the two phases and suggest that the bonding is optimized in both phases.

Reactions of the elements at 800 °C with the nominal compositions RE Ag 1 − x Zn x As 2 resulted in quaternary arsenides RE Ag 1 − x Zn y As 2 in which the combined Ag and Zn content deviates increasingly from unity in the Zn-richer phases, reflecting the transition from the fully stoichiometric ternary silver-containing arsenides RE AgAs 2 to the substoichiometric zinc-containing ones RE Zn 0.67 As 2 . Powder X-ray diffraction analysis indicated SrZnBi 2 -type (space group I 4/ mmm , Z =4; RE =La, Ce) and HfCuSi 2 -type structures (space group P 4/ nmm , Z =2; RE =Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis performed on LaAg 0.5 Zn 0.5 As 2 , PrAg 0.5 Zn 0.5 As 2 , and NdAg 0.5 Zn 0.5 As 2 indicated that the Ag and Zn atoms are disordered within metal-centred tetrahedra and provided no evidence for distortion of the square As nets. The small electron excess tolerated in these quaternary arsenides and the absence of distortion in the square nets can be traced to the occurrence of As–As states that are only weakly antibonding near the Fermi level. PrAg 0.5 Zn 0.5 As 2 and NdAg 0.5 Zn 0.5 As 2 are paramagnetic with effective magnetic moments consistent with trivalent RE species.

Three series of quaternary rare-earth transition-metal pnictides REMM′Pn2 (M=Cu, Ag; M′=Zn; Pn=P, As) have been prepared by reaction of the elements at 800 °C, with crystal growth promoted through the addition of iodine. The extent of RE substitution is broad in these series: RECuZnAs2 (RE=Y, La Nd, Sm, Gd–Lu), REAgZnP2 (RE=La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Dy), and REAgZnAs2 (RE=La Nd, Sm, Gd Dy). Powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that they adopt the trigonal CaAl2Si2-type structure (space group P 3 ¯ m1, Z=1), in which Cu or Ag atoms are disordered with Zn atoms over the unique tetrahedrally coordinated transition-metal site. Magnetic measurements indicated Curie–Weiss behavior for several members of the RECuZnAs2 and REAgZnP2 series. Core-line X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) collected on some RECuZnAs2 members corroborate the charge assignment deduced by the Zintl concept for these compounds, (RE3+)(M1+)(Zn2+)(Pn3−)2. Optical diffuse reflectance spectra and valence band XPS spectra established that these compounds are small band-gap semiconductors (up to ~0.8 eV in REAgZnP2) or semimetals (RECuZnAs2). Band structure calculations also support this electronic structure and indicate that the band gap can be narrowed through appropriate chemical substitution (RE=smaller atoms, M=Cu, and Pn=As).

A hexanuclear Cu(I) cluster {Cu3(L)2}2 (1) based on a novel tripodal linker (L) has been synthesized. 1 shows intense emission (λmax = 560 nm) with lifetime 〈τ〉 = 224 μs and quantum yield = 27.6%. The emission is highly sensitive towards different electron rich and electron deficient aromatics. DFT calculations were performed to understand the origin of emission and sensing properties.

The pnictides RE(2)Mn(3)Cu(9)Pn(7) (Pn = P, As) have been prepared by stoichiometric reaction of the elements at 800 °C. They are quaternary ordered variants of the hexagonal Zr(2)Fe(12)P(7)-type structure (Pearson symbol hP21, space group P6, Z = 1; a = 9.6444(3)-9.5970(7) Å, c = 3.9027(1)-3.7761(3) Å for RE(2)Mn(3)Cu(9)P(7) (RE = La-Nd, Sm, Gd-Dy); a = 9.9376(6)-9.9130(3) Å, c = 4.0194(2)-3.9611(1) Å for RE(2)Mn(3)Cu(9)As(7) (RE = La-Nd)). Of the four possible sites available for the transition metal, the square pyramidal site (CN5) is occupied preferentially by Mn atoms, whereas the three tetrahedral sites (CN4) are occupied by Cu atoms. On proceeding to smaller RE members in the RE(2)Mn(3)Cu(9)Pn(7) series, one of the transition-metal-centered polyhedra (Cu1) tends to become less distorted, while the remaining three (Cu2, Cu3, Mn4) become more distorted. Band structure calculations on La(2)Mn(3)Cu(9)P(7) confirm that Mn-P and Cu-P contacts provide the strongest bonding interactions. Electrical resistivity measurements on Ce(2)Mn(3)Cu(9)P(7) reveal metallic behavior with transitions at 165 and 18 K, probably of magnetic origin.

Reactions of the elements at 800 °C with the nominal compositions RE Ag 1 − x Zn x As 2 resulted in quaternary arsenides RE Ag 1 − x Zn y As 2 in which the combined Ag and Zn content deviates increasingly from unity in the Zn-richer phases, reflecting the transition from the fully stoichiometric ternary silver-containing arsenides RE AgAs 2 to the substoichiometric zinc-containing ones RE Zn 0.67 As 2 . Powder X-ray diffraction analysis indicated SrZnBi 2 -type (space group I 4/ mmm , Z =4; RE =La, Ce) and HfCuSi 2 -type structures (space group P 4/ nmm , Z =2; RE =Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis performed on LaAg 0.5 Zn 0.5 As 2 , PrAg 0.5 Zn 0.5 As 2 , and NdAg 0.5 Zn 0.5 As 2 indicated that the Ag and Zn atoms are disordered within metal-centred tetrahedra and provided no evidence for distortion of the square As nets. The small electron excess tolerated in these quaternary arsenides and the absence of distortion in the square nets can be traced to the occurrence of As–As states that are only weakly antibonding near the Fermi level. PrAg 0.5 Zn 0.5 As 2 and NdAg 0.5 Zn 0.5 As 2 are paramagnetic with effective magnetic moments consistent with trivalent RE species.

The title compounds are prepared from the elements (800 °C, 10 d) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, electrical resistivity measurements, and TB-LMTO-ASA band structure calculations.

The quaternary rare-earth phosphides REMnCu(4)P(3) (RE = Gd-Ho) were obtained from direct reactions of the elements at 800 °C. They are the first examples in which ordering of two different transition-metal atoms takes place within the orthorhombic YCo(5)P(3)-type structure [Pearson symbol oP36, space group Pnma, Z = 4; a = 12.667(2)-12.6489(4) Å, b = 3.8119(7)-3.7755(1) Å, and c = 10.895(2)-10.8632(4) Å for RE = Gd-Ho]. Columns of trigonal prisms centered by P atoms are connected in propellor-shaped units in zigzag arrangements to generate square-pyramidal (CN5) sites that are occupied by Mn atoms and tetrahedral sites (CN4) that are occupied by Cu atoms. Spin-polarized band-structure calculations predict that the hypothetical compound YMnCu(4)P(3) will exhibit magnetic ordering. Electrical resistivity measurements on TbMnCu(4)P(3) indicate a poor metal.

Three series of quaternary pnictides, LnCuZnAs2 (Ln: Y, La—Nd, Sm, Gd—Lu), LnAgZnP2 (Ln: La—Nd, Sm, Gd—Dy), and LnAgZnAs2 (Ln: La—Nd, Sm, Gd—Dy) are prepared by solid reaction of the elements (evacuated silica tubes, 1.

The pnictides Ln2Mn3Cu9P7 (Ln: La—Nd, Sm, Gd—Dy) and Ln2Mn3Cu9As7 (Ln: La—Nd) are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (800 °C, 14 d).