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Introduction: Alpine skiers face high speeds, significant forces, natural and unnatural obstacles, and various environmental conditions on the slopes. Thus, they are highly exposed to certain injuries, amongst which the most common are those to the knee followed by injuries to the spine, shins, head, as well as arm and thumb injuries. Purpose: The purpose was to systematically review the scientific literature on injuries, risk factors, and prevention in competitive alpine skiing and to provide recommendations for injury prevention in the field of physical preparation, kinesiotherapy, and/or specific exercises, and to determine which exercise program would be most appropriate for an alpine ski racer. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and COBISS databases were used with PRISMA method to review the physical therapy recommendations for injury prevention in alpine skiing. Results: 10 studies were included in the final systematic review. We have not found any evidence-based prevention programs that are not older than 10 years on the topic of physical preparation for alpine ski racers. We found that most often, the literature describes prevention in terms of equipment, course preparation, course safety awareness, and the experience of the skier. Conclusions: The recommendation for the most efficient prevention according to the current literature is to follow the above preventive measures in combination with appropriate physical preparation, where we recommend relying on research evidence in other (non-contact) sports that have similar injury mechanisms as alpine ski racing.

The term corporate sustainability represents a crucial part of the concept of sustainable development. The main goal of the companies, which adopted corporate sustainability practice is to fulfil a sustainable development agenda and brings a balanced approach to economic and social progress and environmental management. The purpose of the article is to highlight the importance and issues of corporate sustainability in the context of awareness and approaches to social responsibility in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The paper aims to make order in the plurality of definitions of concept «corporate sustainability» and its practical understanding in terms of «corporate social responsibility». It does so through a literature review and the analysis of different attempts of definition. It identifies the main challenges these concepts bring with them., Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali, Vol. 10 No. 19 (2020): Intercepting and Modeling Global Change?

Background and purpose: Professional drivers as a group are exposed to high risk of developing low back pain due to ergonomic factors and work conditions. The purpose of the study was to examine to what extent the low back pain occurs among Slovene professional drivers as a result of the development of various psychosocial factors. Methodology: The study involved 275 respondents (professional bus drivers, car/van drivers, international truck/ lorry drivers, and ambulance car drivers). Hypotheses were tested using multivariate statistical method (regression analysis) and analysis of variance. Data were collected by structured questionnaire comprised of three parts: socio-demographic data, basic psychosocial factors causing low back pain, and incidence, duration and severity of low back pain as a result of psychosocial risk factors, was implemented. Results: The results of quantitative survey suggest that low back pain is mostly caused by lifting and carrying heavy loads, inadequate working conditions, poor physical fitness, regular nights out, shift work, and stress. Only the impact of gender on low back pain distress among professional drivers was confirmed, predominantly among bus drivers and lorry drivers on international routes. Low back pain occurrence was less common, albeit not statistically significant, among professional drivers of vans and passenger cars. Conclusion: Our study suggests that psychosocial factors are also important cause for the development of low back pain among professional drivers and can limit the quality of their social and professional lives. Ozadje in namen: Poklicni vozniki predstavljajo poklicno skupino, ki je zelo izpostavljena tveganjem, da razvije bolečino v križu zaradi ergonomski kot tudi psihosocialnih dejavnikov. Namen naše raziskave je ugotoviti pojavnost bolečine v križu pri poklicnih voznikih v Sloveniji kot rezultat različnih psihosocialnih dejavnikov tveganja. Oblikovanje/Metodologija/Pristop: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 275 anketirancev, poklicnih voznikov iz Slovenije (poklicni vozniki avtobusv, poklicni vozniki osebnih avtomobilov, vozniki tovornjakov, taksisti in vozniki reševalnih vozil). Hipoteze smo testirali s pomočjo multivariatne statistične metode (regresijske analize) in analize variance. Podatki so bili pridobljeni s strukturiranim anketnim vprašalnikom, sestavljenim iz treh delov: osnovni demografski podatki, vprašanja v zvezi s psihosocialnimi dejavniki tveganja za bolečino v križu in posledice bolečine v križu, zaradi psihosocialnih dejavnikov. Rezultati: Rezultati kvantitativne raziskave so pokazali, da na bolečino v križu pri poklicnih voznikih najbolj vplivajo naslednji dejavniki: dvigovanje in prenašanje težkih bremen, neprimerni delovni pogoji, slaba telesna pripravljenost, redno ponočevanje, delo v izmeni ter stres. V raziskavi smo ugotovili, da spol vplivaj na pojavnost bolečine v križu. Bolečino v križu imajo najpogosteje vozniki mestnega avtobusa in tovornih vozil na mednarodnih progah, najredkeje pa poklicni vozniki osebnih avtomobilov, vendar razlike niso statistično značilne. Sklep: Naša raziskava opozarja, da so tudi psihosocialni dejavniki tveganja tisti, ki lahko poklicnim voznikom povzročijo pojavljanje bolečine v križu in jim posledično zmanjšajo kvaliteto njihovega zasebnega in poklicnega življenja.

Background and purpose: Professional drivers as a group are exposed to high risk of developing low back pain due to ergonomic factors and work conditions. The purpose of the study was to examine to what extent the low back pain occurs among Slovene professional drivers as a result of the development of various psychosocial factors. Methodology: The study involved 275 respondents (professional bus drivers, car/van drivers, international truck/ lorry drivers, and ambulance car drivers). Hypotheses were tested using multivariate statistical method (regression analysis) and analysis of variance. Data were collected by structured questionnaire comprised of three parts: socio-demographic data, basic psychosocial factors causing low back pain, and incidence, duration and severity of low back pain as a result of psychosocial risk factors, was implemented. Results: The results of quantitative survey suggest that low back pain is mostly caused by lifting and carrying heavy loads, inadequate working conditions, poor physical fitness, regular nights out, shift work, and stress. Only the impact of gender on low back pain distress among professional drivers was confirmed, predominantly among bus drivers and lorry drivers on international routes. Low back pain occurrence was less common, albeit not statistically significant, among professional drivers of vans and passenger cars. Conclusion: Our study suggests that psychosocial factors are also important cause for the development of low back pain among professional drivers and can limit the quality of their social and professional lives. Ozadje in namen: Poklicni vozniki predstavljajo poklicno skupino, ki je zelo izpostavljena tveganjem, da razvije bolečino v križu zaradi ergonomski kot tudi psihosocialnih dejavnikov. Namen naše raziskave je ugotoviti pojavnost bolečine v križu pri poklicnih voznikih v Sloveniji kot rezultat različnih psihosocialnih dejavnikov tveganja. Oblikovanje/Metodologija/Pristop: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 275 anketirancev, poklicnih voznikov iz Slovenije (poklicni vozniki avtobusv, poklicni vozniki osebnih avtomobilov, vozniki tovornjakov, taksisti in vozniki reševalnih vozil). Hipoteze smo testirali s pomočjo multivariatne statistične metode (regresijske analize) in analize variance. Podatki so bili pridobljeni s strukturiranim anketnim vprašalnikom, sestavljenim iz treh delov: osnovni demografski podatki, vprašanja v zvezi s psihosocialnimi dejavniki tveganja za bolečino v križu in posledice bolečine v križu, zaradi psihosocialnih dejavnikov. Rezultati: Rezultati kvantitativne raziskave so pokazali, da na bolečino v križu pri poklicnih voznikih najbolj vplivajo naslednji dejavniki: dvigovanje in prenašanje težkih bremen, neprimerni delovni pogoji, slaba telesna pripravljenost, redno ponočevanje, delo v izmeni ter stres. V raziskavi smo ugotovili, da spol vplivaj na pojavnost bolečine v križu. Bolečino v križu imajo najpogosteje vozniki mestnega avtobusa in tovornih vozil na mednarodnih progah, najredkeje pa poklicni vozniki osebnih avtomobilov, vendar razlike niso statistično značilne. Sklep: Naša raziskava opozarja, da so tudi psihosocialni dejavniki tveganja tisti, ki lahko poklicnim voznikom povzročijo pojavljanje bolečine v križu in jim posledično zmanjšajo kvaliteto njihovega zasebnega in poklicnega življenja.

The purpose of this study is, by reviewing relevant literature, to describe the methods of teaching and learning focused on students of physiotherapy. European Network of Physiotherapy in Higher Education especially supports the standards of high quality education in physiotherapy in accordance with the recommendations of World Confederation for Physical Therapy. The physiotherapy profession highlights the importance of critical thinking and devotion to further develop education founded on active learning and research. Research based teaching signifies mentor's counselling and moderating of physiotherapy students, where active learning is in the centre of the educational process, and the outcome of learning results in developing creativity, innovations, initiatives, responsibility and acquiring the skills of critical thinking.

About 76% of pregnant women report low back pain (LBP) at some point during pregnancy (27), 20% of women experience pelvic girdle pain (PGP) during pregnancy (3) and the cause is probably multifactorial. The pain tends to increase with advancing pregnancy and negatively affects quality of life. The purpose of this article is to assess whether application of the specific therapeutic exercises positively affects course and outcome of pregnancy-related LBP and PGP. Comprehensive database search was performed during June, 2012 within PubMed, OvidSP, and PEDro with the purpose of finding RCTs on exercise effects for pregnancy-related LBP and PGP. The number of found studies is relatively small, thirteen, with overall methodological quality not satisfactory and the results should be interpreted with caution. Moreover, the results are inconsistent and the effects recorded rather insignificant. Although type, frequency, intensity, and duration of exercises vary in the studies, authors mostly used stabilising exercises for lumbopelvic area and aquatic exercises. Preliminary results are promising, nevertheless the definitive clinical meaning still cannot be determined with certainty. Adding specific exercises to the usual prenatal care seems to reduce back and pelvic pain, however, higher quality research needs to be conducted to determine optimal plan of exercise intervention.